第五講 冠詞

一、 改正下列句子中的唯一錯(cuò)誤：

1.In word,e-hongbao is bringing new color to the old tradition.

【答案】.在In后加a

【解析】 in a word為固定短語，意為“總而言之”

1. I volunteered to do it by saying"my deskmate is overweight boy whose clothes never fit him."

   【答案】在overweight前加an

   【解析】此處表示“一個(gè)超重的男孩”，故應(yīng)overweight后加an。

   3.There was once a elderly woman in a nursing home.

   【答案】第一個(gè)a→an

   【解析】elderly的讀音以元音音素開頭，其前應(yīng)用an。

   4.Up to now,he has become member of our family and everyone has enjoyed his company.

   【答案】在become后加a

   【解析】member是可數(shù)名詞，意為“成員”，其前加不定冠詞a表示‘—’

1. Third,for the sake of our safety and the others' safety, we should obey the traffic rules.

   【答案】刪除第二個(gè)the

   【解析】此處“其他人”是泛指，故前面不用加the。

2. Naturally,I made a rapid progress in English.

   【答案】刪除a

   【解析】 progress意為“進(jìn)步”，為不可數(shù)名詞，前面不能用a修飾。

3. I think it good habit that in our spare time we read more books of great use.

   【答案】在good前加a

   【解析】habit意為“習(xí)慣”，是可數(shù)名詞，此處為泛指，故用不定冠詞a修飾。

4. Three years ago I failed an important exam in my life and became a student in a ordinary school.

   【答案】第二個(gè)a→an

   【解析】ordinary是以元音音素開頭的形容詞，故其前應(yīng)用不定冠詞an

5. Last Sunday I saw a worst storm in years.It came suddenly and went on for over three hours.

   【答案】a→the

   【解析】根據(jù)in years可知，此處表示“最嚴(yán)重的暴風(fēng)雨”，形容詞最高級(jí)前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。

   10.Personally,it's not good habit to use the network language.

   【答案】在not后面加a

   【解析】句意：我認(rèn)為使用網(wǎng)絡(luò)語言不是一個(gè)好習(xí)慣。根據(jù)句意可知，該處指”一個(gè)好習(xí)慣”，故用不定冠詞。

   11.The museum, which covers a area of 18,000 square meters, is made up of 24 exhibition halls.

   【答案】a改為an

   【解析】area是發(fā)音以元音音素開頭的單詞，故其前用不定冠詞an。

   12. After short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and stories.

   【答案】在short前面加a

   【解析】句意：短暫的休息之后，我們唱歌、跳舞、講笑話、講故事，玩得非常開心。a short rest是固定搭配，表示”短暫休息”。

   13 . Just the next morning , I found my mother out of condition . She had cold . I immediately went to get her some medicine, and cooked some noodles for her.

   【答案】在cold前面加a

   【解析】have a cold是固定搭配，意為“感冒”，cold前用不定冠詞。有相同用法的短語還有：have a fever發(fā)燒，have a headache頭疼，have a cough咳嗽，have a temperature發(fā)燒

   14 Last Sunday, my family went for walk in a nearby park.

   【答案】在walk前面加a

   【解析】句意：上周日，我們一家去附近的公園散步。go for a walk為固定搭配，意為”出去散步”

   考點(diǎn)小結(jié) 注意固定短語中不定冠詞的使用：have a swim 游泳；all of a sudden 突然；once in a while偶爾；as a result of因?yàn)椋?/span>in a hurry匆忙；as a whole 總體上；at a loss不知所措；make a difference有作用等。

   15. In my opinion, online voting is inseparable part of modern life and should be welcomed, since it is a way to participate in public life.

   【答案】在inseparable前面加an

   【解析】表示”是……的一部分”時(shí)常用part of...,part前面的不定冠詞常省略，但當(dāng)part前面有形容詞修飾時(shí)，不定冠詞不能省略。此處part前的形容詞inseparable的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故在inseparable前面加an。另外，表示一日三餐的名詞或表示雨、雪的名詞前一般不用冠詞，如果它們被形容詞修飾，其前常用不定冠詞。

   16. Last week, my friend Tony, a Chinese-American, invited me to have traditional Chinese meal with his family.

   【答案】在have后面加a

   【解析】此處泛指”一頓中國傳統(tǒng)飯菜”，故用不定冠詞a

   17. Being in completely different culture was frightening and I even wanted to go straight back home.

   【答案】在completely前面加a

   【解析】句意：身處一個(gè)完全不同的文化環(huán)境中是令人害怕的，我甚至想直接回家。結(jié)合句意可知此處應(yīng)在completely前面加a。

   18 . Being a teacher is always believed to be one of greatest occupations , because teachers make great contributions to the world.

   【答案】在greatest前面加the

   【解析】形容詞最高級(jí)greatest前要有定冠詞the,故在greatest前加the。

   19. Most of his students are from other parts of China and have come to Beijing at a very young age of sixteen or seventeen.

   【答案】a改為the

   【解析】句意：他的學(xué)生大多來自中國的其他地方，在十六七歲這么小的年紀(jì)就來到北京。此處特指十六七歲的年紀(jì)，故用定冠詞the。

   20. My mom is a volunteer in a public hospital. She serves dinner every day to the people waiting for their relatives outside hospital.

   【答案】在第二句中的hospital前面加the

   【解析】句意：我媽媽是一家公立醫(yī)院的志愿者。她每天為在醫(yī)院外面等候親人的人提供主餐。此處特指母親工作的那家醫(yī)院，即上一句中提到的醫(yī)院。故在第二句中的hospital前加the。

   21. If we are in habit of raising doubts as to if what we are told is true, we can find the correct answer and learn more.

   【答案】在in后面加the

   【解析】句意：對于我們是否被告知了真相，我們?nèi)绻匈|(zhì)疑的習(xí)慣，就可以找到正確的答案并學(xué)習(xí)更多的知識(shí)。介詞短語in the habit of...意為“有……的習(xí)慣”，其中定冠詞the表示特指，所以要在in后面加the。

   22.I'm writing to recommend myself as a volunteer for 2022 Winter Olympic Games to be held in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.

   【答案】在2022前面加the

   【解析】 2022 Winter Olympic Games是專有名詞，前面要加定冠詞。某些專有名詞，如表示江、河、湖、海、洋、森林、半島、海峽、沙漠等的專有名詞前要加定冠詞：由普通名詞構(gòu)成（或含有普通名詞）的專有名詞前要加定冠詞。

1. When I was at secondary school, I often played the football with my friends on the playground.

   【答案】去掉football前面的the

   【解析】球類名詞前不用冠詞。

   24. With his help, we have made a great progress.

   【答案】去掉great前面的a

   【解析】make progress為固定搭配，意為“取得進(jìn)步”，其中progress是不可數(shù)名詞，前面不能加不定冠詞。

   25. Don't undervalue the role we can play. Do remember we can make difference! Take action right now!

   【答案】在make后面加a

   【解析】make a difference是固定短語，意為”起作用，產(chǎn)生影響”，故在make 后加 a。

   26. When I was at the loss and on the point of giving up, my English teacher comforted me and discussed with me the reasons for my failure in the exam.

   【答案】將at后的the改為a

   【解析】句意：當(dāng)我不知所措快要放棄的時(shí)候，我的英語老師安慰了我，和我討論了我考試失敗的原因。at a loss意為”不知所措”，為固定短語。

   27. During the last summer holidays, Rita and Tiago went the camping in the mountains.

   【答案】去掉camping前面的the

   【解析】句意：在上一個(gè)暑假期間，Rita和Tiago去山中野營了。go camping是固定搭配，意為"去野營"。

   28. It is known to us that life is not a smooth journey, which is full of ups and downs, so never lose the heart.

   【答案】去掉heart前面的the

   【解析】句意：眾所周知，生活不是一個(gè)一帆風(fēng)順的旅程，它充滿了坎坷，所以永遠(yuǎn)不要泄氣。lose heart是固定搭配，意為"泄氣"。

   ?

   ?

   ?

1. 短文改錯(cuò)

   I'm from Detroit in the United States,and during his senior year in high school I win a scholarship to study singing during the summer in London. When I went to there,I stayed in someone's home. The people were very sweetly, and it was a really fun summer. I got the inside view of that it's like to live there. I loved it, but I have to say, one thing that surprising me was that you had to go to such many different stores to do your shopping. There are also a lot of differences in the language. They said thing like "ring you up" instead of "give you a call". It took me a little while figure out these differences, because it was fun.

   ?

   【答案】

   第一處：his→my 根據(jù)上下文可知文章講述的是作者自己的經(jīng)歷，人稱應(yīng)為“我”，故將his改為my。

   第二處：win→won根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語during my senior year in high school可知，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。

   第三處：刪除to there在此為副詞，其前不加介詞to。

   第四處：sweetly→sweet系動(dòng)詞后用形容詞充當(dāng)表語，而sweetly是副詞，用來修飾動(dòng)詞或形容詞。故將sweetly改為sweet

   第五處：that→what 句意為：我深入地了解了生活在那里會(huì)是什么樣的情形。like在此是介詞，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連詞充當(dāng)like的賓語，表示“像什么樣子”，故將that改為what

   第六處：surprising→surprised句意為：……一件令我驚訝的事情就是下必須去很多不同的商店購物。that從句中surprise是謂語動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)語境應(yīng)用過去式。

   第七處：such→so 此處修飾 many stores,應(yīng)用so。

   第八處：thing→things thing意為“話語；事情”，是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上一句中的a lot of differences可知，此處應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式。

   第九處：在while后加to句意為：這花了我一小段時(shí)間才弄明白這些差別，但是很有趣。It充當(dāng)形式主語，后面的to do為真正的主語，再由“It takes/took sb.some time to do sth."可知，應(yīng)在figure前加to。

   第十處：because→but句意見上一題解析。根據(jù)句意可知，前后句之間并非因果關(guān)系，而是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將because改為but。

   ?二、

   Last Sunday, I sat at my favorite table in a restaurant and wait for the food I had ordered to arrive. Suddenly I found that Lin Ling, one of my classmate, worked like a waitress there. Honest speaking, it was great surprise for me to find her working there. As far as I know, she's from a richer family. What was it that made her to work there? I walked up to her and asked her the reason. When asking,she said, "I just want to earn some pocket money so that we can help some children in poor areas go back to school.'How a good girl! I should learn from her.

   【答案】

   第一處：wait→waited Last Sunday表示過去的時(shí)間，故此處應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)，且and前后動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)保持一致，故將wait改成waited,與sat并列。

   第二處：classmate→classmates"one of+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”為固定搭配，意為“……之一”。

   第三處：like→as ?work as為固定搭配，意為“任……職；當(dāng)……”。

   第四處：Honest→Honestly ?honestly speaking為固定搭配，意為“說實(shí)話；老實(shí)說”。修飾speaking,應(yīng)用副詞Honestly。

   第五處：在great前加a surprise在此意為“意想不到的事”，為可數(shù)名詞。此處是泛指“一件意想不到的事”，且great為以輔音音素開頭的單詞，故在great前加不定冠詞a。

   第六處：richer→rich 此處無比較意義，應(yīng)用形容詞原級(jí)rich修飾名詞。

   第七處：刪除to make sb.do sth.為固定搭配，意為“讓某人做某事”。使役動(dòng)詞make后接不定式作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)省略不定式中的to,故刪除to。

   第八處：asking→asked she said...為主句，ask與主語she之間為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過去分詞asked作狀語。故將asking改成asked。

   第九處：we→I句意為：當(dāng)被問及時(shí)，她說：“我只是想掙些零用錢，這樣我就可以幫助貧困地區(qū)的一些孩子重返校園了。”該句為女孩說的話，是直接引語，此處與前面的主句主語應(yīng)保持一致，故用第一人稱I。

   第十處：How→What 本句為感嘆句結(jié)構(gòu)：What+a(n)+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)（+主語+謂語）!故將How改成What。

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