Lesson 2 Hiroshima—the "Liveliest"City in Japan (Excerpts)
全文翻譯
廣島——日本“最具活力”的城市
雅各·丹瓦
1.“廣島站到了，大家請下車!”當這趟世界上最快的高速列車緩緩駛進廣島站停靠時，那位身著日本火車站站長制服的男子喊出的一定是這樣一句話。我其實沒聽懂他究竟在說些什么。一則因為他喊的是日語；二則，我當時如鯁在喉，心頭有萬般愁緒，根本無暇去顧及這名日本鐵道部官員究竟說的什么。踏上這片土地，呼吸著廣島的空氣，對于我來說，這本身就是次很激動人心的冒險經歷，比我以往的任何一次旅行，任何一次報道采訪活動都要來得激動人心。我這不是到了犯罪現(xiàn)場嗎?
2.這兒的日本人看上去卻并不似我這般黯然神傷。從車站外面的人行橫道上看去，這兒的一切似乎都與日本的其他城市沒什么兩樣。身著和服的小姑娘和老太太們與一身西裝打扮的少年和女郎摩肩接踵，擦身而過；那些神情嚴肅的男人們旁若無人地相互交談著。他們不停地彎腰點頭，相互寒暄客套：“多么阿里伽多戈扎伊馬斯(太謝謝您了)。”還有些人正在使用掛在食品雜貨店或煙草店門前的小巧的紅色電話通話。
3.“嗨!嗨!”出租車司機一看見旅客就這樣打招呼，并“砰”的一聲突然把車門打開。“嗨或者其他一些發(fā)音近似“嗨”的詞，意思是“是的，好的”?！澳芩臀胰ナ姓d嗎?”,他從車后鏡里沖我一笑，連聲說“嗨!嗨!”出租車全速穿梭在廣島狹窄的街道上，這座歷經磨難的城市中的高樓大廈在眼前一閃而過，我們的身子也隨著司機方向盤的一次次急轉而前俯后熔仰，東搖西晃。
4.正當我開始覺得路程太長時，出租車一個急剎車嘎吱停下來，司機下車去向一個警察問路。就像在東京一樣，廣島的出租車司機對他們的城市也知之甚少，但是為了不在外國人面前丟臉，他們不會承認自己的無知，不管乘客們要到哪里去，都會毫不猶豫地應承下來，而不去考慮等他找要花多長時間才能找得到。
5.終于這個小插曲總算結束，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己就站在宏偉氣派的市政大廳前。廣島市長應我的采訪要求給我發(fā)了份請?zhí)?，當我把這請?zhí)f給招待員看時，他向我深鞠一躬，然后聲調悠長地嘆了一口氣。
6.“不是在這里，先生，”他用英語說道?！笆虚L打算今晚在水上餐廳設宴招待您和其他外賓。您看，就是這兒?！彼f著便在請?zhí)谋趁鏋槲耶嬃艘粡埡喡缘氖疽鈭D。
7.多虧了他的簡略圖，我才找到一輛出租車把我直接送至運河堤岸，那兒泊了一艘頂篷像日式房屋的屋頂的大游艇。由于地價過高，日本人索性將傳統(tǒng)的日式房屋建到了船上。浮動在水面上的舊式日本小屋，夾雜在鋼筋混泥土砌的灰褐色摩天高樓群中，形成了一道靚麗獨特的風景線，象征著和服與迷你裙的之間永恒的斗爭一樣。
8.在餐廳的門口，站著一位身著傳統(tǒng)和服的迎賓女郎，妝容精致、膚如凝脂、曼妙迷人，她告訴我脫鞋進屋。脫下鞋子之后，我走進這水上小屋，進到其中一間房間里，這里所有的房間的屋頂都壓得很低。我躡手躡腳地踩在軟軟的榻榻米席上，一想到自己要這樣穿著襪子去會見市長，心中不免一陣羞愧、尷尬不已。
9.終于見到了廣島市長。他個子很高，身材瘦削，眼神憂郁，深情嚴肅。出乎意料，剛到車站時的那種說不清道不明的憂思愁緒此刻重新襲上我心頭。一想到我現(xiàn)在正置身于第一顆原子彈爆炸的地方，我的心又沉重起來。就是在這里，成千上萬的人頃刻間死于非命；另有成千上萬的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。
10.到場的嘉賓互相作了自我介紹。大多數的賓客都是日本人。我也不好開口我們?yōu)槭裁吹竭@里聚會。在場的少數幾個美國人和德國人看來也同我一樣有些局促不安。
11.“先生們”,市長說道，“很高興歡迎你們來到廣島?！?。
12.大家都開始鞠躬致意，連在場的西方人也不例外。只要在日本呆上三天，人的脊柱保準會變得異常靈活。
13.“先生們，你們光臨廣島是我們極大的榮幸?！?/span>
14.大家又一次鞠躬，隨著“廣島”這個名字的一次次重復，大家的面容就會變得更嚴肅起來。
15.“廣島，正如大家所知，是座每個人都很熟悉的城市。”市長繼續(xù)說道。
16.“是啊，是啊，當然?！迸_下有人在小聲嘀咕，情緒越來越不安起來。
17.“很少有城市像廣島這樣在世界享負盛名。我非常自豪而高興地歡迎諸位來到廣島。這座城市之所以聞名于世界乃是因為它的——牡蠣?！?/span>
18.我正想點頭表示贊同，突然明白過來這句話的最末幾個詞的意思，一下子沒了剛才的憂愁傷感。
19.“廣島——牡蠣?怎么沒說原子彈呢，也沒有說這里遭受的災難和人類犯下的滔天罪行呢?”
20.市長還在繼續(xù)演講，贊美他們日本南部的海鮮風味，我悄悄地往后退了退，朝著房間的后邊走去，那里有幾個人在自顧自聊天，沒太專注于市長的講話。
21.“你看起來很困惑?！币粋€身材矮小、戴著很大眼鏡的的日本人說。
22.“是的，我得承認我沒有想到會在這聽到一番一個關于牡蠣的演講。我原以為廣島仍未擺脫原子彈災難的陰影?！?/span>
23.“再也沒有人談論它了，每個人都不愿再提了，尤其是那些在這里出生，或是親身經歷了那場災難的人們?！?/span>
24.“你也是這么想的嗎?”
25.“我當時就在這座城市，只不過沒在市中心。我之所以跟你講這些，是因為我差不多是個老人了。在這座以牡蠣聞名的城市，有兩種截然相反的意見，一種主張保留原子彈轟炸后的遺跡，另一種則主張清除一切痕跡，甚至連位于轟炸中心的紀念碑也不例外。他們甚至想拆了原子彈博物館?！?/span>
26.“他們?yōu)槭裁聪脒@么做呢?”
27.“因為那些東西使人傷心，因為時代在前進。這就是為什么。這個小個子日本人笑了，厚厚鏡片后的眼睛快瞇成了一條縫。“如果你寫文章描述這座城市，千萬別忘記告訴人們，盡管這里很多市民身上還帶著暗傷和灼傷，廣島依然是日本最快樂的城市。”
28.像其他任何一家醫(yī)院一樣，這家醫(yī)院里也是到處彌漫著甲醛和乙醚的味道。無數的擔架和輪椅在不見盡頭的走廊墻邊上排成一線，護士們端著鍍鎳的醫(yī)療器械穿行其中人住何身體健康的探病者要是看到這些器械的話，保準會嚇得毛骨悚然、脊背發(fā)涼。所謂的原子看護房在三樓，里面共有十七個床位。
29.“我是以打魚為生的，我呆在這里已經有好長時間了，二十多年了吧?！币粋€穿著日式睡衣的老人說。
30.“你受的什么傷呢?”
31.“內傷。災難發(fā)生時我就在廣島，/我看到了爆炸時竄起的大火球，但當時我的臉上和身體上都沒有被燒傷。我當時滿城跑，尋找我那些失蹤的朋友和親人。我原以為自己是幸免于難了，但是后來，我的頭發(fā)開始不停地掉，肚子開始積水，并感到惡心嘔吐。從那以后，他們就一直在對我進行體檢和治療。
32.站在我身邊的醫(yī)生解釋并補充道，“我們這里還有一些這樣的病人，他們只有通過不間斷的醫(yī)護治療才能活下去。另有一些病人因傷重不治而亡，抑或自殺身亡?！?/span>
33.“他們?yōu)槭裁匆詺⒛?”
34.“因為繼續(xù)茍活殘存這座城市只會給他們帶來無盡的羞辱。只要你身上留有很明顯的原子燒傷痕跡，你的孩子便會遭到那些沒有傷痕的人的歧視。沒有哪個男人愿意娶一個原子彈災難受害者的女兒或者外甥女為妻，因為他們擔心核輻射帶來的遺傳基因病變問題?！?/span>
35.那位老漁民饒有興趣地定睛看著我，他看我的樣子很有禮貌，并沒有讓我感到不自在。
36.病床上方掛著一個由許多五顏六色的彩紙片結成的大紙球，紙片均被疊成了千紙鶴的形狀。
37.“那是什么?”我問道。
38.“那些是我的幸運鳥。每當我從死神手里逃出來的那一天，每當病痛把我從世俗的煩惱中解脫出來的那一天，我就會疊一只新的小紙鶴，把它和別的紙鶴放到一起。我就這樣一邊看著它們，一邊暗自慶幸這些病痛帶給我的好運。正是因為這些病痛，我才有機會磨煉自己的品格心性?！?/span>
39.從醫(yī)院出來，我再一次將一個小筆記本撕得粉碎，那上面記載著一些我預先想好準備提問原子爆炸受害者的問題。其中有一個問題是：你真的認為廣島是日本最具活力的城市嗎?我一直沒問這個問題，但從每個人的眼神中我已經讀到了問題的答案。
(選自埃德·凱編播的美國廣播節(jié)目)
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練習答案
Ⅱ.
A.
1.I guess the writer is an American journalist or reporter.You can find many details of the use of?American English and the?American way of spelling words like“sidewalk”,“cab driver","center”,etc.And sentences like "I did not understand what he was?saying.First of all because he was shouting in Japanese."and"The very act of stepping on this soil.,was for me a far greater?adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken.”all indicate that the writer may be an American reporter.
2.I?think the aim of the visit was to gather information on what influences did the atomic bomb exert to today's Hiroshima.
3.He thought about the bomb,the misery and the humanity's most heinous crime.He has a guilty conscience.
4.The Japanese were not preoccupied with the same thought as the writer was.
5.Although Hiroshima was badly destroyed by an atomic bomb on August 6,1945,things seemed much the same as in other?Japanese cities.Hiroshima did not make herself different or painful due to the devastating disaster And sympathy is needless for?Hiroshima.
6.Because the mayor delivered a speech about oysters,that is what the writer did pot expect.He had thought the mayor would talk?about the bomb and the misery and humanity's most heinous crime since Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm.
7.After the reception,the writer went to visit the atomic ward of a hospital in Hiroshima to interview patients there.
8.As is stated in Paragraph 34,it is humiliating to survive in this city.If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns,your children will?encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not.No one will?marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim.People?are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation.Therefore,some victims commit suicide.
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B.
1.The writer did not narrate the events in the order of their occurrence;he takes the changes of his thoughts and feelings as the?order?of the whole text instead.
2.Words and expressions in the text that?reveal the writer's attitude toward the atomic bombing are as follows:
1)I had a lump in my?throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind.(Para.1)
2)The strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned.(Para.9)
3)I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment.(Para.9)
4)inhibited (Para.10)
5)agitated (Para.16)
3.The Japanese cultural traits the writer noticed in his brief observations of the city are:
1)Little girls and elderly ladies wear kimonos.(Para.2)
2)Serious-looking men bobbed up and down repeatedly in little?bows,as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect:"Tomo aligato gozayimas".(Para.2)
3)As in Tokyo,taxi drivers in Hiroshima?often know little of their city,but to avoid loss of face before foreigners,will not admit their?ignorance,and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it.(Para.4)
4)The Japanese build their traditional houses on boats when land becomes too expensive.(Para.7)
5)At the door of the restaurant,a stunning,porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes.(Para.8)
6)I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting and experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.(Para.8)
4.The writer was deeply impressed that Hiroshima is a city mixed with Japanese culture and Western culture.Symbols used to describe the impression:
1)Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in Western dress.(Para.2)
2)The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.(Para.7)
"Kimono"and"miniskirt"here are used as symbols representing the"old"and the "new"or the East and the West.
5.Anti-climax is used here to suspend the attention of the readers.It is a common literary device to achieve humor,surprise,satire,etc.The mayor did not talk about the disaster but said that Hiroshima is a town known throughout the world for its oysters,because he did not want to embarrass the foreigners.However,he wanted people to forget the tragic past and enjoy the city as before.
6.The end of the story is well written.Although it did not answer whether Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan,everyone would have their own answer towards this question after reading the feature story,thus leaving much room for the readers to ponder over what is going on in Hiroshima and make their own conclusions.
7.The word"liveliest"in the title is put in quotation marks because the writer wants to show that this is what the city is said to be.But the writer perhaps feel it ironic to use the word"liveliest"to described city that had suffered an atomic bomb.So quotation marks is used here.
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Ⅲ.
1.Men with serious expressions were so absorbed in their conversation that they seemed to pay no attention to the crowds around them.
2.At last the taxi trip came to an end and I suddenly discovered that I was just in front of the gigantic City Hall.
3.The scene of the little traditional houses floating among high modern buildings attracts much attention.It also represents the constant struggle between old traditional culture and new developments.
4.I felt shameful when I thought of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima wearing my socks.
5.The few Americans and Germans seemed just as restrained as I was.
6.After three days in Japan one gets quite used to bowing to people.
7.I was on the point of bowing a little to show my agreement when I suddenly realized the meaning of his last words.I was shocked and awakened from my sad dreamy thought.
8.….and nurses walked by carrying surgical instruments which were nickel-plated and even healthy visitors could not help shivering when they see those instruments.
9.I have the chance to raise my moral standard because of the illness.
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IV.
A.
1.lump:the feeling you get in your throat when you are going to cry
2.rub shoulders with:(informal)meet and mix with (people)
3.martyred:(the city)that has been made to suffer
4.screech:to make a harsh,piercing sound
5.arresting:striking,attracting and holding the attention skyscrapers:very tall buildings
6.stunning:very attractive and beautiful
7.sink in:(to be)fully absorbed or understood
8.schools:groups of people sharing the same thought
9.by trade:by occupation;by way of making a living
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B.
1.was指實際情況；而must be表示推測的情況，意為“很可能”。
2.“Was I at the scene…”是疑問句，是對自己所處地點的疑問，而“Was I not at the scene..?”是反問句，實際上表示肯定的我意思。
3.old用來形容老人，elderly意為“上了年紀的”但是不算太老。
4.grin指咧開嘴笑，露齒而笑，有時可指傻笑，但不出聲；laugh表示大笑；smile指不出聲地微笑，可表示開心、滿意、喜多愛等等。
5.sketch指畫草圖，勾畫出大體輪廓(相當于primarily draw)。如：a sketch for a painting畫稿。
6.careful強調細心，以免出錯；cautious強調謹慎，指處處謹小慎微。例：be cautious about expressing opinions對發(fā)表意見持謹慎態(tài)度
7.site大多指場所、地方，可大可它可能是留作特殊用途的地方，如建筑工地(a building site),也可能指發(fā)生某事的地方或場所，如第一枚原子彈爆炸的地方(site of the first atomic bombardment)。spot指某個具體的地方，所指范圍通常比較小。
8.demolish指徹底拆除、毀滅，而destroy僅指破壞。例：demolish the commission and absorb its functions into the department.撤銷委員會并把它的職能并入部里。
9.gay意為輕松愉快的，熱情洋溢的，可以指人，也可以修飾事物。如：a gay town熱情洋溢的小鎮(zhèn)。delightful令人愉快的，一般指能直接使人心情變化的事物。如：a delightful surprise出人意料的樂事。
10.gaze指目不轉睛地凝視，往往出于好奇、欽羨、著迷等。如：She turned her head away,feeling too ashamed to meet his gaze.因為害羞而不敢和他的目光相遇，她把頭扭開了。stare指盯著看，瞪大眼睛看，往往是不禮貌或帶有威懾力的。如：Her icy stare gave me a chill她那冰冷的眼神使我感到一陣寒噤。
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C.
1.Puzzle implies such a baffling quality or such intricacy,as of a problem,situation etc.,that one has great difficulty in understanding or solving it.puzzle含有“令人困惑”“錯綜復雜”“某人很難理解或解決”的意思。
Confuse implies a mixing up mentally to a greater or lesser degree.confuse或多或少與心理活動相關。
Perplex adds to puzzle the implications of worry and uncertainty,especially about reaching a decision on a course of action or the right solution of a personal problem.perplex隱含著擔憂和不確定性，尤其是對某項活動或個人問題的正確解決方案作出決定時的困惑。
Confound implies such confusion as completely frustrates or greatly astonishes one.confound隱含有完全挫敗或者非常驚訝的意思。
Bewilder implies such utter confusion that the mind is staggered beyond the ability to think clearly.bewilder表示已經陷入徹底的混亂/糊涂，已經失去了清晰思考的能力。
Dumbfound specifically implies as its effect a nonplused or confounded state in which one is momentarily struck speechless.dumbfound“使驚愕，使目瞪口呆”,特指暫時說不出話來的那種迷惑/困惑不已的狀態(tài)。
2.Heinous implies such extreme wickedness as to arouse the strongest hatred and revulsion.heinous“十惡不赦的，令人發(fā)指的”暗示能引起最強烈的仇恨和厭惡的極端的邪惡。
Outrageous applies to that which so exceeds all bounds of right,morality,decency etc.,as to be intolerable.outrageous"粗暴的，可令惡的”用于指超越法律、道德、禮儀界限的不可容忍的行為。Horrible means causing a feeling of horror.horrible“可怕的，恐怖的”表示引起一種恐怖的感覺。一Evil is not often applied to persons and frequently has a more or less sinister or baleful connotation.evil通常不用來表示人，隱含有“或多或少地有點兇險的或有害的”這一意思。Wicked implies the actual violation of moral code.wicked“惡劣的，不道德的”表示實際上違反了道德準則的行為。
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V.
A.
1.There is not a soul in the hall.The meeting must have been put off.
2.That modern construction looks very much like a flying saucer.
3.Sichuan dialect sounds much the same as Hubei dialect.It is sometimes difficult to tell one from the other.
4.The very sight of the monument reminds me of my good friend who was killed in the battle.
5.He was so deep in thought that he was oblivious of what his friends were talking about.
6.What he did had nothing to do with her.
7.She couldn't fall asleep as her daughter's illness was very much on her mind.
8.I have had the matter on my mind for a long time.
9.He loves such gatherings at which he rubs shoulders with young people and exchanges opinions with them on various subjects.
10.It was only after a few minutes that his words sank in.
11.The soil smells of fresh grass.
12.Could you spare me a few minutes?
13.Could you spare me a ticket?
14.That elderly grey-haired man is a coppersmith by trade.
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B.
1.二則，我當時如鯁在喉，心頭有萬般愁緒，根本無暇去顧及這名日本鐵道部官員究竟說的什么。
2.踏上這片土地，呼吸著廣島的空氣，對于我來說，這本身就是次很激動人心的冒險經歷，比我以往的任何一次旅行，任何一次報道采訪活動都要來得激動人心。我這不是到了犯罪現(xiàn)場嗎?
3.這座歷經磨難的城市中的高樓大廈在眼前一閃而過，我們的身子也隨著司機方向盤的一次次急轉而前俯后仰，東搖西晃。
4.出乎意料，剛到車站時的那種說不清道不明的憂思愁緒此刻重新襲上我心頭。一想到我現(xiàn)在正置身于第一顆原子彈爆炸的地方，我的心又沉重起來。就是在這里，成千上萬的人頃刻間死于非命；另有成千上萬的人在痛苦的煎熬中慢慢死去。
5.“很少有城市像廣島這樣在世界享負盛名。我非常自豪而高興地歡迎諸位來到廣島。這座城市之所以聞名于世界乃是因為它的——牡蠣?！?/span>
6.“在這座以牡蠣聞名的城市，有兩種截然相反的意見，一種主張保留原子彈轟炸后的遺跡，另一種則主張清除一切痕含跡，甚至連位于轟炸中心的紀念碑也不例外?！?.“如果你寫文章描述這座城市，千萬別忘記告訴人們，盡管這里很多市民身上還帶著暗傷和灼傷，廣島依然是日本最快樂的城市?！?/span>
8.“但是后來，我的頭發(fā)開始不停地掉，肚子開始積水。”
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C.
See the translation of the text.
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VI.
1.The feature begins with how Mike Fay got hurt.The beginning sets much suspense-who is Mike Fay,why is he on a California hillside-and people are attracted to read on.The passage is not written in the order of occurrence,but the method of flashback is adopted.
2.I think this feature is about environmental protection.To be more specific,it is about forest protection,about striking a balance between timber cutting and forest protection.
3.The main idea of the feature is about how to find out a way to maximize both timber production and the many ecological and social benefit standing forests provide(the key statement).
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