Lesson 4 The Trial That Rocked the World
全文翻譯
震撼世界的審判
約翰·司科普斯
1.在1925年7月那個(gè)悶熱的日子里，當(dāng)我在被擠得水泄不通的法庭剛就位時(shí)，人群中響起一陣嗡嗡聲。為我辯護(hù)的是鼎鼎大名的刑事辯護(hù)律師克拉倫斯·達(dá)羅。擔(dān)任主控官的則是口才一流的雄辯演說家威廉·詹寧斯·布萊恩。他曾三次被提名為美國民主黨總統(tǒng)候選人，還是促成對我進(jìn)行審判的基督教原教旨主義運(yùn)動的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者。
2.幾個(gè)星期之前，我還只是田納西州山區(qū)小鎮(zhèn)戴頓的一名默默無聞的中學(xué)教員，現(xiàn)在我卻突然變成了一場舉世矚目的審判的當(dāng)事人。到庭為我作證有以哈佛大學(xué)的科特里·馬瑟教授為首的十幾位杰出的教授和科學(xué)家。還有一百多名新聞記者在場，甚至還有廣播電臺播音員，他們也要破天荒地播放一次庭審實(shí)況。就在我們靜候著法庭開審的時(shí)候，達(dá)羅親切地?fù)е业募绨蛐÷暟参课艺f：“放心吧，年輕人，我們會給他們點(diǎn)厲害瞧瞧的?！?/span>
3.我到戴頓中學(xué)任自然科學(xué)教員兼足球教練不久，這件案子就突然降臨到我的頭上。幾年來，原教旨主義者和現(xiàn)代主義者之間就一直醞釀著一場沖突。原教旨主義者堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格按字面意思去理解《舊約全書》,而現(xiàn)代主義者則接受查爾斯·達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論——認(rèn)為一切動物，包括猿和人，都是由同一祖先進(jìn)化而來的。
4.在田納西州，原教旨主義勢力很強(qiáng)，州立法機(jī)構(gòu)不久前還通過了一項(xiàng)禁止公并進(jìn)授任何有?！妒ソ?jīng)》上宣講的上帝創(chuàng)造萬物的理論”的法令。這項(xiàng)新法律的矛頭直指達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論。有位名叫喬治拉普利亞的工程師因反對這項(xiàng)新法律而常與當(dāng)?shù)厝诉M(jìn)行辯論。在一次辯論中，拉普利亞說，任何人要講授生物學(xué)，就不能不提到進(jìn)化論。因?yàn)槲乙恢痹诮躺飳W(xué)，所以就把我叫了去。
5.“拉普利亞是對的，”我對他們說。
6.“那么你就觸犯了法律，”他們中的一位說。
7.“其他所有的教師也都觸犯了法律，”我回答說。/亨特所著的《普通生物學(xué)》一書就講到了進(jìn)化論，那是我們的教科書?！?/span>
8.拉普利亞于是提議，“我們就將此事交付法庭判決吧，看這是否合法?！?/span>
9.當(dāng)我于5月7日被正式起訴時(shí)，誰也沒有料到，尤其是我本人更沒想到我的這個(gè)案子竟會越鬧越大，以至于成為美國歷史上最著名的審判之一。美國公民自由聯(lián)盟宣布：如有必要，聯(lián)盟將把我的案子提交美國最高法院審理，“以確保教師不至于因講授真理而被送進(jìn)監(jiān)獄。之后，布萊恩自告奮勇地要求協(xié)助州政府對我進(jìn)行起訴。隨即著名律師克拉倫斯·達(dá)羅也提出為我辯護(hù)。具有諷刺意味的是，在這次審判之前我與達(dá)羅素不相識，但我卻見過布萊恩，那是我在念大學(xué)的時(shí)候，他來學(xué)校做演講。雖然我并不贊成他的觀點(diǎn)，但我很敬佩他。
10.到7月10日庭審開始的時(shí)候，我們這個(gè)擁有1500人口的小鎮(zhèn)上呈現(xiàn)出一派看馬戲似的熱鬧氣氛。大街兩旁的建筑物上都掛起了彩旗。法庭的三層紅磚樓房周圍的街道上突然冒出了許多東倒西歪的攤點(diǎn)，出售熱狗、宗教書籍和西瓜。福音傳教士們在街上支起帳篷，向行人傳教布道。附近一帶的山區(qū)居民，其中多半是原教旨主義者，也紛紛趕到鎮(zhèn)上來為布萊恩吶喊助威，打擊那些“外來的異教徒”。起草了反對進(jìn)化論法令的約翰·巴特勒就是其中一個(gè)。他是一名49歲的農(nóng)場主，在他被選為立法機(jī)構(gòu)的成員之前，他還從未走出過本縣。
11.主審法官是約翰·勞爾斯頓，是一位面色紅潤的男子。他操著濃重的地方口音高聲說道：“我只是個(gè)普通的山區(qū)法官?！辈既R恩的樣子老態(tài)龍鐘，大腹便便。協(xié)助他起訴的人當(dāng)中有他的兒子湯姆·斯圖爾特，也是個(gè)律師，而且是田納西州年輕有為的檢察長。我的辯護(hù)人中除了68歲的精明老練的達(dá)羅外，還有英俊瀟灑、魅力十足的43歲的達(dá)德雷·費(fèi)爾德·馬隆和文質(zhì)彬彬、學(xué)識淵博，尤其精通法律的阿瑟·伽費(fèi)爾德·黑斯。在這場宗教起關(guān)鍵作用的審判案中，達(dá)羅是個(gè)不可知論者，馬隆是個(gè)天主教徒，而黑斯則是個(gè)猶太教徒。我父親還特意從肯塔基州趕來與我一起面對這次審判。
12.法官請來當(dāng)?shù)氐哪翈熤鞒珠_庭的禱告儀式，接著審判就開始了。陪審團(tuán)的12名成員中，有三人除《圣經(jīng)》之外沒讀過其他的書，另有一人則根本不識字。難怪我父親氣憤地罵道：“這真是他媽狗屁的陪審團(tuán)!”
13.履行完法律訴訟程序之后，達(dá)羅站起來首先發(fā)言?！拔业呐笥褭z察長先生方才說約翰·司科普斯知道他為什么會被帶上法庭，”達(dá)羅拖長著聲音“我也知道他為什么會被帶上法庭。他現(xiàn)在之所以在這兒，就是因?yàn)橛廾梁推姍M行，而且這兩者結(jié)合在一起，形成了一股強(qiáng)大的勢力?！?/span>
14.達(dá)羅繞著蒸籠一樣悶熱的法庭踱著方步。“今天被告是教師，”他接著說?！懊魈炀蜁喌诫s志、書籍和報(bào)紙。要不了多久，整個(gè)社會就會形成一種人與人為敵，教派與教派對立的局面，最終我們的社會將會大踏步地退回到十六世紀(jì)時(shí)的光輝時(shí)代。在那時(shí)，對于任何膽敢向人類傳授智慧、知識和文化的人，偏執(zhí)狂們就會搭起柴堆將其活活燒死。”
15.他的話音剛落，就聽見一個(gè)婦女高聲咕噥了一句：“這個(gè)該死的異教徒!”
16.第二天，控方開始傳喚證人出庭作證，出庭作證的是我的兩個(gè)學(xué)生，他們羞怯地沖我咧嘴傻笑。他們向法庭作證說我向他們宣傳過進(jìn)化論，但又趕緊補(bǔ)充說他們并沒有因此而受到毒害。他們中有一個(gè)叫霍華德·摩根，14歲，是個(gè)機(jī)靈聰明的小男孩。他作證說我對他們講過，人跟牛、馬、狗、貓一樣都是哺乳動物。
17.“他該沒有說貓和人是完全一樣的吧?”達(dá)羅問道。
18.“沒有，先生，”那孩子說道?！八f人是有思維能力的?！?/span>
19.“這話怕還不一定吧!”達(dá)羅哼著鼻子說。
20.證人作證完畢后，布萊恩起身向陪審團(tuán)陳辭。問題很簡單，他說：“基督徒相信人來首天上，而進(jìn)化論者則認(rèn)為人來自地下?！迸月牭娜罕娙滩蛔】┛┑匦α似饋?，布萊恩也就越說越起勁，他一只手揮舞著一本生物學(xué)教科書，一邊譴責(zé)那些特意趕到戴頓鎮(zhèn)為我作證的科學(xué)家們。
21.“《圣經(jīng)》,”他用洪亮的嗓音吼道，“是不會被那些千里迢迢趕來作證的學(xué)者專家們驅(qū)逐出這個(gè)法庭的。這些專家們來到這里無非是想證明主張人類祖先來自叢林的進(jìn)化論和上帝按照天意，依其形象創(chuàng)造人類并安排到這個(gè)世界上來的看法是并行不悖的?！?/span>
22.他說完這番話時(shí)，下巴抬得老高，眼中閃爍著光芒，聽眾席中立刻爆發(fā)熱烈的掌聲并高喊“阿門”。但似乎還是缺少了點(diǎn)什么東西：昔日當(dāng)布萊恩如燎原的烈火般橫掃政界時(shí)表現(xiàn)出的那種火熱的激情已消失殆盡。聽眾們似乎覺得他們的這位英雄沒能充分發(fā)揮出應(yīng)有的辯才擊敗那些異端分子。
23.達(dá)德雷·費(fèi)爾德·馬隆跳將起來反駁布萊恩?！安既R恩可不是惟一有權(quán)為《圣經(jīng)》辯護(hù)的人，”他說?！霸谖覀冞@個(gè)國家，有不少人將自己的全部生命都奉獻(xiàn)給了上帝和宗教，而布萊恩先生卻激情澎湃地將自己的大半生命獻(xiàn)給了政治?！辈既R恩從水杯中呷了一口水，馬隆的嗓音也隨之升高。他呼吁學(xué)術(shù)自由并指責(zé)布萊恩存心挑起一場科學(xué)與宗教之間的生死決斗。
24.“從來沒有人能同真理決斗，”他怒吼，“真理總是會勝利—我們并不害怕這一點(diǎn)。真理不需要布萊恩先生。真理是永存的、不朽的，并且不需要依靠凡火機(jī)構(gòu)去維護(hù)它!”
25.馬隆結(jié)束發(fā)言時(shí)，法庭里有片刻的沉默，緊接著法庭里爆發(fā)出一陣?yán)坐Q般的掌聲，超過了為布萊恩發(fā)出的掌聲。然而，盡管馬隆在同布萊恩進(jìn)行的這場舌戰(zhàn)中勝出，法官還是決定不允許在座的科學(xué)家們?yōu)檗q方作證。
26.休庭期間，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)戴頓鎮(zhèn)的街頭巷尾到處都擠滿了陌生人，每個(gè)角落里都有一些小商販在叫賣貨物。有家商店的招牌上寫道：達(dá)爾文：沒錯(cuò)——就在里面(這是小達(dá)爾文的服裝店)。還有一個(gè)商人租用了一個(gè)商店櫥窗用來展出一只猿猴。人們掏錢來觀看這只猿猴，并思量自己是否與它有什么淵源。
27.“這個(gè)可憐的畜牲用雙手捂著眼睛，蜷縮在一個(gè)角落里，”一位記者這樣寫道，“生怕人猿同源是真的?！?/span>
28.H-L·門肯穿著短褲，一邊吹著電扇，一邊寫著辛辣諷刺的電訊文稿。他在文中稱當(dāng)?shù)鼐用袷恰班l(xiāng)巴佬”,因此人們議論著要將他驅(qū)逐出鎮(zhèn)。22名報(bào)務(wù)員每天要拍發(fā)165,000字的報(bào)道這場庭審的電文。
29.由于天氣炎熱，加上擔(dān)心古老的法庭地板會因承受不住人群的重量而坍塌，審判活動改在戶外楓樹蔭下繼續(xù)進(jìn)行。前來觀審的有兩千多人，他們有的坐在長條木凳上，有的蹲在草地上，有的趴在停放著的汽車的車頂上，還有的人則從窗戶里傻呆呆地伸長脖子向外張望。
30.接著審判高潮到來了。由于反進(jìn)化論法律條文的限制，控方只得堅(jiān)持必須嚴(yán)格按字面意義解釋《圣經(jīng)》的立場。此時(shí)，達(dá)羅突然打出他的王牌，點(diǎn)名要布萊恩充當(dāng)辯方證人。法官滿臉詫異。“我們要他當(dāng)證人是因?yàn)樗恰妒ソ?jīng)》研究專家，”達(dá)羅說道?！白鳛榻?jīng)學(xué)權(quán)威，他的聲譽(yù)是舉世公認(rèn)的?！?/span>
31.布萊恩滿腹狐疑，不知那詭計(jì)多端的達(dá)羅葫蘆里究竟賣的什么藥，但他又不能拒絕這一挑戰(zhàn)。多年來他一直在四處講解《圣經(jīng)》,并且還針對《圣經(jīng)》專門著書立說。甚至在反進(jìn)化論法令還沒有通過之前，他就在田納西州發(fā)起過反達(dá)爾文主義的運(yùn)動。這時(shí)，只見他手里拿著一把芭蕉扇，像是握著一把退敵的利劍似的，表情毅然決然，大步流星地向證人席走去。
32.在達(dá)羅的平靜語調(diào)套問下，他承認(rèn)自己對《圣經(jīng)》的字字句句深信不疑，旁觀的人群對他的激昂的回答不時(shí)和以熱烈的“阿門”的喊聲。
33.達(dá)羅翻開《創(chuàng)世紀(jì)》念道：“夜盡晨來乃第一天也?！苯酉聛硭麊柌既R恩是否相信太陽是第四天創(chuàng)造出來的，布萊恩回答說他相信。
34.“沒有太陽之前又怎么會有早晨和晚上呢?”達(dá)羅問道。
35.布萊恩悶聲不響地?fù)现约旱亩d頂。人群中傳出陣陣暗笑聲，連一些虔誠的基督徒也在發(fā)笑。達(dá)羅一面擺弄著他的眼鏡，一面繼續(xù)發(fā)問。他問布萊恩是否相信有關(guān)夏娃的故事字字句句都是真實(shí)的，布萊恩作了肯定的回答。
36.“那么你也相信上帝為了懲罰引誘夏娃的那條蛇便讓所有蛇類從那以后永遠(yuǎn)匍匐爬行的故事是真的了?”
37.“我相信那是真的?！?/span>
38.“那么,你知不知道在那以前蛇類是如何行走的呢?”
39.觀審的人群哄堂大笑起來。布萊恩氣得臉色發(fā)青，盛怒之下他提高了嗓音手里拿著的扇子也一個(gè)勁兒地抖動著。
40.“法官大人，”他說?！拔疫@就回答達(dá)羅先生所有的問題。我要讓世界知道這個(gè)不把上帝放在眼里的人正在利用田納西州法庭誹謗上帝……”
41.“我反對這種說法，”達(dá)羅大聲說道?！拔抑皇窃跈z驗(yàn)?zāi)隳切┯薮赖南敕?，世界上沒有哪個(gè)有學(xué)問的基督徒會相信你那些想法?！?/span>
42.法官敲響小木槌止住了喧嘩聲，隨即宣布休庭，次日再審。
43.布萊恩孤零零地站在那兒。觀眾們紛紛從他身邊擠過去同達(dá)羅握手時(shí)，我由衷地替這位昔日的英雄難過起來。
44.第二天中午，陪審團(tuán)受命對此案進(jìn)行裁決。陪審員們離席退到草坪的一角，他們只輕聲議論了九分鐘，結(jié)果是判決被告有罪。我被處以罰款100美元，并支付訴訟費(fèi)用。
45.達(dá)德雷·費(fèi)爾德·馬隆稱這次庭審結(jié)果對我來說是一次“勝利的失敗”。有幾家南方報(bào)紙，出于對他們那位已失去昔日光彩的英雄的忠誠，稱這次審判結(jié)果為布萊恩的勝利，并為之歡呼。可布萊恩本人卻因傷心勞神過度，審判結(jié)束后不到兩天便在戴頓去世。
46.學(xué)校請我回去任教，但我謝絕了。有幾位前來為我作證的教授已為我爭取到了一份芝加哥大學(xué)的獎學(xué)金，因此我得以繼續(xù)進(jìn)修自然科學(xué)。后來，我成了一家石油公司的地質(zhì)學(xué)專家。
47.前不久，我在那次審判三十七年之后第一次重返戴頓。在我眼中，小鎮(zhèn)景物依舊，只是多了一所威廉·詹寧斯·布萊恩大學(xué)，它坐落在一個(gè)小山坡上，俯視著下面的山谷。
48.還有一些其他方面的變化。在田納西州已經(jīng)可以公開講授進(jìn)化論了，盡管那條曾判我有罪的法令仍未廢除。由克拉倫斯·達(dá)羅和達(dá)德雷·費(fèi)爾德·馬隆在戴頓鎮(zhèn)的小小法庭上掀起的那些辯論風(fēng)暴猶如一股清風(fēng)吹遍了美國的學(xué)校和立法機(jī)關(guān)，隨之而來的是日漸增長的思想自由和學(xué)術(shù)自由的新氣象。
(摘自《讀者文摘》1962年7月)
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練習(xí)答案
Ⅱ.
A.
1.Dayton,Tennessee?is a small town in the mountains where fundamentalism was strong and a clash had been built up between the?fundamentalists and the modernists.I am impressed that people in the town are bigoted and ignorant and many of them had never?read any book except the Bible,nor had they traveled outside their native county.This town is somewhat backward.
2.John Scopes was a science teacher at a secondary school in Dayton,Tennessee.He taught evolution in his class,which is?considered violating the law,thus he got involved in the trial.
3.Because the trial was about the problem of intellectual and academic freedom and the result of the trial would affect the whole?country,even the whole world,the media flocked to the small?town of Dayton,to cover the big-name lawyers representing each side?with a lot of interest and enthusiasm and the trial was reported the world over.
4.The main argument of Darrow's opening speech is that it is absolutely wrong for teachers to?teach scientific theory.If it is allowed,there won't be intellectual or academic freedom and the whole society will?be retrogressing to the dark age of the 16th century.
5.Bryan believed?in what was said in the Bible and argued that man is made by God in?His?image.Malone responded to his?argument by saying that having given most of his life to politics,Mr.Bryan is not the?only one who has the right to speak for the?Bible and the truth is eternal and always wins and needs no human agency to support?it.
6.Henry Louis Mencken was an American editor and satirist.Because he referred to the local citizenry as yokels during the Scopes?trial and wrote syndicated columns from Dayton for the Baltimore Sun
7.Darrow's trump card was to cal Bryan as a witness for the defense.Although Bryan knew it was a trap,but he had no choice but?to accept the challenge and at last fell into the trap.
8.Since Bryan was an expert on the Bible and enjoyed a worldwide reputation as an authority on Scripture,it's unexpected that?Bryan was invited as a witness for the defense.Byron was forced to take the position that the Bible must be interpreted literally due?to the wording of the anti-evolution law and Darrow/while questioning Bryan on Genesis,successfully pointed out the loopholes in?the Bible,and won hands down in the episode Therefore,the writer called the questioning of Bryan by Darrow on Genesis the?climax.Darrow won in this episode
9.The verdict of the trial was guilty and John Scopes was fined 100 dollars.John Scopes lost the case in court but he actually won?the case since more people are clearer about evolution and the teaching of evolution expanded and moved to a new stage,so Malone?called Scopes'?conviction a"victorious defeat".I think the State of Tennessee and John Scopes both won the case since Tennessee is?more reasonable and less blind than ever and Scopes although losing the case in court and being fined 100 dollars and costs,still has?a bright future in his life.
B.
1.The writer did not begin the story from the very beginning.The first paragraph gives some information about the time and space?of the trial and people on the defense side and the prosecution side.And it arouses the reader's curiosity and?interest in finding out?more about the trial.
2.The section of Paragraphs 2-9 tells the reader what has led to the world famous trial.
3.
1)The section of Paragraphs 10-15 describes the circus surroundings of the town where the trial will?take place,the judge,the jury?and the composition of the prosecution and the defense side and also introduces Darrow's opening statement.
2)The highlight of this section is Darrow's opening statement.
3)Darrow was sarcastic and contemptuous when he referred to 16th century as the"glorious age".
4.
1)Paragraphs 16-25 is about the debate between the prosecution and the defense side;to be specific,the highlight of this section is about the debate between Darrow and Bryan.
2)Bryan is a rather good orator.Humorous and eloquent,he knows how to attract the attention of the audience.For example,he opened his prosecution by declaring "The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below".This statement will definitely create a very deep impression on the audience,the judge as well as the jury.
5.The section of Paragraphs 26-28 describes what the town of Dayton is like during the adjournment of the trial.
6.Some of the characteristics of the language used by Bryan,Darrow and Malone in the court are as follows:
1)Formal language style is employed.
2)archaic or rarely used words and expressions
3)foreign words and Latinisms
4)long complex sentences with intricate coordination and subordination
5)widespread use of the passive voice
7.
1)The last two paragraphs are about the writer's impression of Dayton when he pays a visit to the town 37 years later and the changes the town has undergone after the trial.
2)The writer ends the article by telling the reader the significance of the trial and how the trial had affected the schools and一legislative offices of the United States.
?
Ⅲ.
1.We will use some clever and unexpected tactics and give them a surprise in the trial.
2.The case had come down upon me unexpectedly and violently.
3.I was the last one to expect that my case would develop into one of the most famous trials in American history.
4.That's an extremely inappropriate jury,too ignorant and partial.
5.Today the teachers are put on trial because they teach scientific theory;soon the newspapers and magazines will not be allowed to express new ideas,to spread knowledge of science.
6."It is doubtful whether man has reasoning power,"said Darrow sarcastically,scornfully.
7.….accused Bryan of demanding that a life or death struggle be fought between science and religion.
8.People had to pay in order to have a look at the ape and to consider carefully whether apes and human beings could have a common ancestry.
9.Darrow surprised everyone by asking for Bryan as a witness for Scopes,which was a brilliant idea.
10.Darrow had gotten the best of Bryan,who looked helplessly lost and pitiable as everyone ignored him and rushed past him to congratulate Darrow.When I saw this,I felt sorry for Bryan.
?
IV.
A.
1.on hand:present,available
2.master:teacher;master as a term for teacher is outdated in the US
3.squarely:directly
4.stand:a small often outdoor shop or place for showing things
hot dog:a cooked sausage in a bun,sometimes seen as a symbol of American culture
5.florid-faced:face flushed with rosy color;ruddy face
6.steeped in:immersed;thoroughly familiar with
7.warm:to become more enthusiastic,animated
8.thunder:to shout loudly
9.reconcile:to find agreement between;make (arguments,ideas etc.)compatible
10.volume:(degree of)fullness or loudness of sound
11.hawker:a person who peddles goods in the streets by shouting wares:kinds of goods that a store,merchant,peddler etc.has to sell
12.cost:in a trial,the person (party)losing the case has to pay lawyer fees for both sides
13.on the books:recorded,listed,not can celled.
?
B.
1.a reassuring arm:in a reassuring manner,a friendly gesture to put John at ease,since the arm can't be reassuring
2.my head:person,me
3.marching backwards to the glorious age:retrogressing to the dark age of the 16th century,expressed in an ironical tone
4.there is some doubt about that:“It is doubtful whether man(especially the fundamentalist)has reasoning power,”Darrow said in a contemptuous way.
5.came from below:The Christian believes that God in heaven made human being but the evolutionist thinks human beings come from lowly animals.The implication is there is nothing lofty,noble about human beings in the eyes of the evolutionist.
6.fierce fervor:swept the political arena like a prairie fire:despite his eloquence,he was not as forceful and persuasive as he used to be
7.scorch:(metaphor)wither,thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory:his breath coming out heatedly as he spoke
8.a duel:(metaphor)a life and death fight 9.storm of applause:loud,noisy applause,like a thunderstorm
10.victorious defeat:In Malone's view,although Scopes was found guilty,they had succeeded in drawing the attention of the people all over the United States to the importance of intellectual freedom.
?
V.
A.
1.I did not anticipate that I would get involved in this dispute.
2.You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.
3.Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the United States though racial segregation violates the law.
4.The jury deliberated and brought in a verdict of guilty.
5.He thought the two views could be reconciled.
6.The spectators' hearts went out to the defendant.
7.When he read articles,he always had a dictionary on hand.
8.The construction of the dam got under way before any environment impact assessment had been done.
?
B.
1.原教旨主義者堅(jiān)持嚴(yán)格按字面意思去理解《舊約全書》,而現(xiàn)代主義者則接受查爾斯·達(dá)爾文的進(jìn)化論——認(rèn)為一切動物，包括猿和人，都是由同一祖先進(jìn)化而來的。
2.在一次辯論中，拉普利亞說，任何人要講授生物學(xué) 就不能不提到進(jìn)化論。
3.附近一帶的山區(qū)居民，其中多半是原教旨主義者，也紛紛趕到鎮(zhèn)上來為布萊恩吶喊助威，打擊那些“外來的異教徒”。
4.“他現(xiàn)在之所以在這兒，就是因?yàn)橛廾梁推姍M行，而且這兩者結(jié)合在一起，形成了一股強(qiáng)大的勢力?！?/span>
5.“《圣經(jīng)》,”他用洪亮的嗓音吼道，“是不會被那些千里迢迢趕來作證的學(xué)者專家們驅(qū)逐出這個(gè)法庭的。這些專家們來到這里無非是想證明主張人類祖先來自叢林的進(jìn)化論和上帝按照天意，依其形象創(chuàng)造人類并安排到這個(gè)世界上來的看法是并行不悖的?！?/span>
6.“真理是永存的、不朽的，并且不需要依靠凡人機(jī)構(gòu)去維護(hù)它!”
7.然而，盡管馬隆在同布萊恩進(jìn)行的這場舌戰(zhàn)中勝出，法官還是決定不允許在座的科學(xué)家們?yōu)檗q方作證。
8.“我只是在檢驗(yàn)?zāi)隳切┯薮赖南敕?，世界上沒有哪個(gè)有學(xué)問的基督徒會相信你那些想法?！?/span>
9.達(dá)德雷·費(fèi)爾德·馬隆稱這次庭審結(jié)果對我來說是一次“勝利的失敗”。
10.由克拉倫斯·達(dá)羅和達(dá)德雷·費(fèi)爾德·馬隆在戴頓鎮(zhèn)的小小法庭上掀起的那些辯論風(fēng)暴猶如一股清風(fēng)吹遍了美國的學(xué)校和立法機(jī)關(guān)，隨之而來的是日漸增長的思想自由和學(xué)術(shù)自由的新氣象。
C.
See the translation of the text.
VI.
1.The narrator was a Negro in Memphis at the turn of the 20th century.Obviously,the narrator worked in a bank.
2.He read in the Memphis Commercial Appeal an editorial attacking and denouncing H.L.Mencken.The narrator became curious?about this man because the only people he had ever heard denounced in the South were Negroes,and this man was not a Negro.So?he wanted to know more about Mencken and decided to find more information in the library but Negroes were not allowed to?borrow books there.He was trying to find a way to get the books without causing suspicion among the whites he worked with.
3.The rest of the story will?be probably about how the narrator succeeded in getting the books and what he found out.
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