2016年普通高等學校招生全國統(tǒng)一試卷（上海卷）

試卷副標題

考試范圍：xxx；考試時間：120分鐘；命題人：xxx

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聽下面的短對話，選出最佳選項。

1. ?（1分） ?

A．It is satisfactory.

B．It is luxurious.

C．It is old-fashioned.

D．It is disappointing.

2. ?（1分） ?

A．On August 5th. B．On August 6th.

C．On August 7th. D．On August 8th.

3. ?（1分） ?

A．A waiter. B．A butcher. C．A porter. D．A farmer.

4. ?（1分） ?

A．In a theatre.

B．In a library.

C．In a booking office.

D．In a furniture store.

5. ?（1分） ?

A．She expected to a better show.

B．She could hardly find her seat.

C．She wasn't interested in the show.

D．She didn't get a favouable seat.

6. ?（1分） ?

A．The woman often eats out for breakfast.

B．The cafeteria serves good breakfast.

C．The woman doesn't have breakfast.

D．The cafeteria doesn't serve breakfast.

7. ?（1分） ?

A．Selling cucumbers.

B．Planting vegetables.

C．Cooking a meal.

D．Picking tomatoes.

8. ?（1分） ?

A．The man should work hard.

B．The man should turn down the job offer.

C．The man may have another chance.

D．The man can apply for the job again.

9. ?（1分） ?

A．It is a hot and smoggy day.

B．There is a traffic jam on King Street.

C．A vehicle is polluting the air.

D．The man is reading a report online.

10. （1分） ?

A．Its ending is not good enough.

B．Its special effects are not satisfying.

C．It deserves an award.

D．It is good except for the scary part.

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聽下面的長對話，選出最佳選項。

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11. A．$1. B．$2. C．$3. D．$52.

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12.

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A．Pay the bills first.

B．Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.

C．Deposit $1000 every month.

D．Put part of the money in a savings account.

13. A．Methods of saving money.

B．Saving money for family emergencies.

C．The importance of saving money.

D．Secrets of spending money wisely.

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14. A．Free education.

B．A sum of money.

C．Donations from a local newspaper.

D．Gifts from many people.

15. A．Let students in before school.

B．Offer ice cream and coffee.

C．Introduce a bank into the campus.

D．Reduce the traffic jams around.

16. A．It lacks positive news.

B．It should grow into a big city.

C．It is a place worth living in.

D．It remains peaceful and quiet.

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聽下面的錄音，填寫正確的單詞或短語。

17. （2分）

????????????????????????????????????????Class Diary (June 13-19)

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18. （2分） ?

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Bags of Love

Last year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother's house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.

After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly—we were always suddenly out of something. ???19 ??(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and ???20 ??happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in ??21 ??she distributed it to children.

I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me—why would she not want to tell me about what she ??22 ??(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop ??23 ??(buy) the groceries if I found out?

When she got home, I told her about my discovery. ??24 ??she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn't need to keep it a secret ??25 ??me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by ??26 ??selfless she was.

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Stress: Good or Bad?

Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.

In recent years, stress ??27 ??(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress ??28 ??does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the ??29 ??(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though, further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself ??30 ??number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of ??31 ?, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient or ??32 ??(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better ??33 ??(control) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.

To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12, etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely ??34 ??(get) ill.

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Golden Rules of Good Design

What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to ??35 ??the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.

Less is more.This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary ??36 ??

More is not a bore.The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is ??37 ??design. Post-Modernist designers began to ??38 ??with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen ??39 ??such as ovens and kettles.

Fitness for purpose.Successful product design takes into consideration a product's function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is ??40 ??. For example, think of a(n) ??41 ??desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to ??42 ??light where it is needed.

From follows emotion.This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into ??43 ??the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important asrational (理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily ??44 ??the toothpaste onto our brush.

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In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively ??45 ??work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.

In any case, despite so much evidence to the ??46 ??, many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, ???47 ??, that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from ??48 ??without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (專制的) managers.

Different cultures have different ways of ??49 ??people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to ??50 ??to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general ??51 ??. Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional ??52 ??managers cannot.

A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without ??53 ??managers first. Thisempowerment(授權) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: ???54 ??the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be ???55 ??with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has ??56 ??been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to ??57 ??that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.

Another trend is off-site or ??58 ??management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the ??59 ??of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.

45. A．desire B．seek C．lose D．dislike

46. A．contrary B．expectation C．degree D．extreme

47. A．vice versa B．for example C．however D．otherwise

48. A．outside B．inside C．below D．above

49. A．replacing B．assessing C．managing D．encouraging

50. A．refer B．contribute C．object D．apply

51. A．agreement B．practice C．election D．impression

52. A．bossy B．experienced C．western D．male

53. A．asking B．training C．warning D．firing

54. A．doubling B．maintaining C．reducing D．estimating

55. A．honored B．left C．crowded D．compared

56. A．economically B．traditionally

C．inadequately D．occasionally

57. A．deny B．admit C．assume D．ensure

58. A．virtual B．ineffective C．day-to-day D．on-the-scene

59. A．opinion B．risk

C．performance D．attractiveness

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One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book calledBest Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word "Poems" appeared in big, hot pink letters.

＂Is it good?" I asked her.

＂Yeah,＂she answered. ＂There's one I really like and you'll like it, too." I leaned forward.

＂'Patty Poem,'" she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:

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She never puts her toys away,

Just leaves them scattered ^①where they lay,…???^①散亂的

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The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:

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When she grows and gathers poise ^②, ??????????????????^②穩(wěn)重

I'll miss her harum-scarum ^③noise, ??????????????????????^③莽撞的

And look in vain ^④for scattered toys. ????????????????????^④徒勞地

And I'll be sad. ??

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A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.

＂It's you, honey,＂ My mother said sadly.

To my mother, the poem revealed a parent's affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the "she" in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.

＂What's wrong?＂my mother asked.

＂Oh Mama," I cried." I don't want to grow up ever!＂

She smiled. "Honey, it's okay. You're not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I'll still love you, okay?＂

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"Okay," I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person's world.

I have since fallen in love with other poems, but "Patty Poem" remains my poem. After all, ＂Patty Poem" gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.

60. Why was the writer attracted by the bookBest Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?

A．It was a thick enough book.

B．Something on its cover caught her eye.

C．Her mother was reading it with interest.

D．It has a meaningful title.

61. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ??????????????at first.

A．sad B．excited C．horrified D．confused

62. The writer's mother liked to read "Patty Poem" probably because ?????????????.

A．it reflected her own childhood

B．it was written in simple language

C．it was composed by a famous poet

D．it gave her a hint of what would happen

63. It can be concluded from the passage that "Patty Poem" leads the writer to ??????????????.

A．discover the power of poetry

B．recognize her love for puzzles

C．find her eagerness to grow up

D．experience great homesickness

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64. ?It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that ?????????????.

A．the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020

B．gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countries

C．the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto Protocol

D．humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming

65. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?

A．The human population would increase by one third.

B．Little over 50% of all species would still exist.

C．Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.

D．The Agreement's minimum goal would not be reached.

66. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be ?????????????.

A．0.8℃ B．1.5℃ C．2℃ D．3.5℃

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Enough "meaningless drivel". That's the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.

The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee's report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (認證標記) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.

"The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to ismeaningless drivelto anyone,＂says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.

It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. ＂we need to think through how we make that work in practice, "says Miller.

Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? "I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would," says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. ＂We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.＂ But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.

Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. ＂We still don't know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years' time, "he says.

Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don't know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.

The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don't expect, even if users have apparently permission, show that the current situation isn't working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.

67. What does the phrase "meaningless drivel" in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?

A．Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.

B．Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.

C．Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.

D．Insignificant data collected by social media firms.

68. ?It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether ?????????????.

A．social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark scheme

B．people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they think

C．a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scale

D．the kitemark would help companies develop their business models

69. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because ?????????????.

A．their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old

B．the language in their contracts is usually harder to understand

C．the information they collected could become more valuable in future

D．it remains unknown how users' data will be taken advantage of

70. The writer advises users of social media to ?????????????.

A．think carefully before posting anything onto such websites

B．read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemark

C．take no further action if they can find a kitemark

D．avoid providing too much personal information

71. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?

A．Say no to social media?

B．New security rules in operation?

C．Accept without reading?

D．Administration matters!

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Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed to reducecongestion (擁堵) at some of the country's busiest stations.

In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increasecapacity (容量) at the height of the rush hour.

A six-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the bus iest times. It could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.

According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the "standing" side.

A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: "It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.＂

Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.

The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.

In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three "up" escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.

(Note: Answering the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)

72. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?

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73. What did last year's three-week trial at Holborn station prove?

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74. The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least ??????????????????????????????????in height.

75. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other "up" escalators will be used for ??????????????????????????????????????.

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76. （5.2分）我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能見報。(hope)

77. （5.2分）二十世紀末中國經(jīng)濟迅速發(fā)展。(witness)

78. （5.2分）為買一雙運動鞋而通宵排隊有意義嗎？(point)

79. （5.2分）雖然當時我年幼，不理解這 部電影的含義，但我記得我的家人都感動得落淚了。(too…to…)

80. （5.2分）我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。(The moment…)

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81. （25分）

假設你是中華中學學生姚平，最近參加了一項研究性學習調研，課題為＂父母是否以子女為榮＂。通過調研你校學生及其父母，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對此問題的看法有差異（數(shù)據(jù)如圖所示）。根據(jù)圖表寫一份報告，在報告中，你必須：

??????1. 描述調研數(shù)據(jù)；

??????2. 分析可能導致這一結果的原因。

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參考答案及解析

一、 聽短對話選擇

1. ?【答案】D

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根據(jù)聽力原文 ?it is not as good as I expected.可知，購物中心沒有想象中的好。D. It is disappointing.它是令人失望的。故選D。

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2. ?【答案】B

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問題為說話者什么時候到達營地，根據(jù)原文 We'll stay there for one night. That is, we will leave the camp on August 7th. 可知，我們會住一晚，并且會在八月七號離開，因此，會在八月六號到達。故選B。

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3. ?【答案】A

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問題為這名男士是誰，根據(jù)原文 We are famous for our barbecue pork with rice. Would you like to have some?我們以烤肉米飯而出名，你要來點嗎？可知，這名男士是一名服務員。故選A。

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4. ?【答案】B

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根據(jù)原文 Everyone is supposed to put books back to the shelves when the closing bell is sounded.當鈴聲響了之后，每個人都應當把書放回書架?？芍?，這段對話發(fā)生在圖書館。故選B。

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5. ?【答案】D

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根據(jù)原文 The show is good, but I could hardly see the stage from my seat.可知節(jié)目很好，但是在這個座位上幾乎看不到節(jié)目。因此她沒有一個好的座位。故選D。

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6. ?【答案】C

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由原文 I have lunch and dinner there, but I always skip breakfast. 可知，這名女士在咖啡廳吃了午飯和晚飯，但是總是略過早餐。故選C。

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7. ?【答案】B

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根據(jù)原文， Are you going to put the seeds of tomatoes into the soil, too?可知，說話者正在種西紅柿。故選B。

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8. ?【答案】C

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由原文Well, don't take it so hard. Something else will turn up. 別太難過了。會有其他事情發(fā)生的。可知，這名女士的意思是這名男士還有其他機會。故選C。

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9. ?【答案】C

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根據(jù)原文，I'd like to report a smoking vehicle running on King Street. 我想報告一輛在王街道跑著的冒煙的車輛?？芍?，一輛車正在污染空氣，故選C。

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10. 【答案】A

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由原文， It would deserve an award if it weren't for its last part.可知，如果不是結尾不好，這部電影就得獎了。故選A。

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二、 聽長對話選擇

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11. 【答案】C

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根據(jù)原文 3 dollars in week 3，可知在第三周節(jié)省三美元。故選C。

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12. 【答案】D

?【解析】根據(jù)原文，Another simple way of building some savings is by depositing as little as two percent of your monthly income into a savings account. ??可知說話者建議人們每個月的工資都存一部分。故選D。

13. 【答案】A

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根據(jù)聽力原文，本段材料主要講的是省錢的方法。故選A。

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14. 【答案】B

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由原文，They made more than one thousand dollars and the local family in need got the majority of it. ?可知當?shù)匦枰獛椭娜说玫搅舜蟛糠值腻X，故選B。

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15. 【答案】A

?【解析】根據(jù)原文， It has been really cold lately and the school should consider letting the students in to get warm before the weather gets even colder. 可知，學校應該考慮讓學生進去，因為外面太冷了。故選A。

16. 【答案】C

?【解析】由原文 ?it remains a good place for the residents to enjoy their life. ?可知，對于當?shù)氐木用駚碚f，這個地方是一個好地方。故選C。

三、 聽力填空

17. 【答案】Deadline；photos；stadium；Lunch；

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空1：由原文The dead line is next Monday, June 14th. Monday, June 14th.可知答案為 Deadline。

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空2：由原文 Then on Wednesday, that's the 16th, all classmates have to hand in three student photos.可知答案為photos。

空3：由原文M: The basketball club meeting is on the 17th. And where will they meet? ???W: At the ?stadium..可知答案為 stadium。

空4：由原文 It should be during the lunch break. 可知答案為Lunch。

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18. 【答案】a ?judge 或 ?a famous judge；Asking for help；Having a voice；Sharing 或 Sharing with others；

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空1：由原文 The guest for today is Sue Walter. She is a famous judge in court.可知答案為 a (famous) judge。

?

空2：由原文 One of my suggestions is to always ask for help.可知答案為 Asking for help。

空3：由原文 Having a voice in the decision-making process. 可知答案為 ?Having a voice。

空4：由原文 ?I think it would be satisfaction of enjoying things with others可知答案為 ?Sharing (with others)。

四、 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或單詞的正確形式填空

●???【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了作者的母親無私地幫助難民營里的孩子并給他們提供食物的感人故事。整個故事充滿了正能量。

19. 【答案】Wondering；

?【解析】考查動詞。分析句子結構可知，wonder和句子的謂語動詞"began"之間沒有連詞，故用其非謂語形式。且wonder和句子的主語“I"之間構成邏輯上的主謂關系，故用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式作原因狀語。故填Wondering。

20. 【答案】what；

?【解析】考查主語從句。分析句子結構可知，空格處引導主語從句，且在從句中作主語，表示事情。故填what。

21. 【答案】which；

?【解析】考查定語從句。分析句子結構可知，后半句是定語從句，先行詞是 "the refugee camp"，且從句中缺少地點狀語，所以應用關系副詞 where或 in which引導該從句，由于空格前已有介詞in，故填which。

22. 【答案】 had done；

?【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。根據(jù)語境可知，"do" 的動作發(fā)生在 "hit" 之前，"hit" 的動作發(fā)生在過去，故 "do" 的動作發(fā)生在過去的過去，用過去完成時。故填had done。

23. 【答案】buying；

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。根據(jù)語境可知，此處指母親擔心“我”會停止購買食品雜貨；stop to do sth. 意為“停下來去做某事”，不符合語境；stop doing sth. 意為“停止正在做的事情”，符合語境。故填 buying。

24. 【答案】Before；

?【解析】考查連詞。before sb. can do sth. 為固定用法，意為“某人還沒有來得及做某事”，符合語境，故填Before。

25. 【答案】from；

?【解析】考查固定搭配。根據(jù)上文“why would she not want to tell me” 可知，母親不想讓“我”知道她所做的那些事。Keep…from… 為固定詞組搭配，意為“使…...”避免…...”，符合語境。故填from。

?

26. 【答案】how；

?【解析】考查感嘆句型。通過分析句子結構（連接詞+形容詞+主語+謂語）和句意，可知此處是how所引導的感嘆句。故填how。

●???【分析】本文是一篇議論文，主要討論了壓力的利弊。

27. 【答案】 has been regarded；

?【解析】 考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。根據(jù)時間狀語“ In recent years”可知，本句應用現(xiàn)在完成時；且 regard和句子的主語stress之間構成邏輯上的被動關系，故用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)。故填has been regarded。

28. 【答案】that ；

?【解析】考查強調句型。 "It is+被強調部分+that+其他部分”是強調句型，其判斷方式是把it is…that…去掉，句子的結構和意思仍然完整。本句是對句子的主語 "only too much stress" 進行強調。故填that。

29. 【答案】better；

?【解析】考查形容詞的比較級。 句意為：在某種程度上，你承受的壓力越大，你表現(xiàn)得就會越好。the+比較級… the比較級…為固定句型，意為“越…越…”，符合語境，故填better。

30. 【答案】a；

?【解析】考查冠詞。 句意為：通過問自己一些問題，你能判斷出自己什么時候超越了巔峰，什么時候在走下坡路。a number of為固定短語，意為“一些…”，符合語境。故填a。

31. 【答案】you；

?【解析】考查代詞。 空格處與句子的主語you呼應，表示人們對你的期望很高，expect sth. of sb.為固定用法，意為“對某人期望某事”。故填you。

32. 【答案】annoyed；

?【解析】考查詞性轉換。 空格處與or前面的“ impatient”為并列關系，故應用其形容詞形式。 annoying意為“令人惱怒的”，用于修飾物； annoyed意為“感到惱怒的”，用于修飾人。be/get annoyed with sb.意為“對某人感到惱火”，符合語境。故填annoyed。

33. 【答案】control；

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。 had better意為“最好”，是情態(tài)動詞，其后跟動詞原形。故填control。

34. 【答案】 to get；

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。 be likely to do sth. 為固定用法，意為“很有可能做某事”，符合語境。故填to get。

五、 選用恰當?shù)膯卧~或短語填空

●???【分析】本文屬于說明文，告訴我們好的設計應包括四個黃金定律：簡約、功能、舒適和情感。

35. 【答案】 D. capture；

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。D.capture獲得；捕獲；本句中該詞構成的不定式短語＂to capture.....＂作動詞try的賓語。句意：多年以來，設計師和藝術家一直都在努力搞清楚好的設計的本質。故填 ?D. capture。

36. 【答案】E. decorations；

?【解析】考查名詞。 E. decorations 裝飾品，該詞在句中作動詞avoid的賓語，且為可數(shù)名詞，故用復數(shù)形式。句意：設計應該避免不必要的裝飾品。故填 E. decorations。

37. 【答案】J. soulless；

?【解析】考查形容詞。 J. soulless 沒有靈魂的；該詞在本句中做定語修飾名詞design。根據(jù)前半句The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly可知美國出生的建筑家Robert Venturi總結過，如果簡約沒有做好，那么這樣的設計就是沒有靈魂的。故填 J. soulless。

38. 【答案】G. experiment ；

?【解析】考查動詞。G. experiment 試用，用……做實驗。句意：后現(xiàn)代主義設計師們再一次開始試驗裝飾和顏色。故填 G. experiment 。

39. 【答案】C. appliances；

?【解析】考查名詞。 C. appliances 電器，電器工具；由后面列舉的例子＂ovens and kettles＂烤箱和水壺可推斷此處指廚房電器等物品。故填 C. appliances。

40. 【答案】H. intended；

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。 H. intended 預期的；本句中該詞和系動詞is構成系表結構。句意：對用戶來說最重要的是產(chǎn)品達到了預期的效果。故填 H. intended。

?

41. 【答案】B. adjustable；

?【解析】考查形容詞。 B. adjustable 可調節(jié)的；本句中該詞作定語修飾名詞desk lamp，意為＂可調節(jié)的臺燈＂，與后句中的＂regular adjustments by the user＂相呼應。故填 B. adjustable。

42. 【答案】F. direct；

?【解析】考查動詞。 F. direct 把……對準，指導；本句中該詞與名詞light構成動賓短語。句意：最重要的是，它需要對準需要光線的地方。故填 F. direct。

43. 【答案】A. account；

?【解析】考查名詞。take…into account 考慮……；把……考慮在內(nèi)；句意：他認為設計必須要把自然的知覺考慮在內(nèi)，如：視覺、嗅覺、觸覺和味覺。故填 A. account。

44. 【答案】K. squeeze；

?【解析】考查動詞。 K. squeeze 擠壓；本句中該句和名詞the toothpaste構成動賓關系。句意：當我們選擇日常用品時，我們很喜歡一個看起來很酷的裝置，能讓我們很容易地把牙膏擠到我們的牙刷上。故填 K. squeeze。

六、 完形填空

●???【分析】本文是說明文，介紹了現(xiàn)代社會中一種新型管理理論——授權管理及其作用。

45. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A.desire渴望；B.seek尋找；C.lose失去；D.dislike不喜歡。根據(jù)后半句＂....will do anything to avoid it.＂可知人們本能上不喜歡工作，他們?yōu)樘颖芄ぷ骺梢宰鋈魏问虑?。故選D。

46. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A.contrary相反的，to the contrary相反的；B.expectation期望；C.degree程度，to the degree在某種程度上；D.extreme極端的，to the extreme走向極端。此處是說，無論如何，盡管很多證據(jù)與這個理論相反，很多管理人仍然同意X理論。故選A。

47. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查詞義辨析。A.vice versa反之亦然；B.for example例如；C.however然而；D.otherwise否則。由后面的例子他們認為如果要員工效率高，就需要給與他們不斷的監(jiān)督可知此處是舉例說明。故選B。

48. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查副詞辨析。A. outside外部，外面；B. inside里面；C. below下級；D. above上面，上級。根據(jù)下句“This，of course makes for authoritarian（專制的）managers.”并結合語境可推知，此處指決定必須由上級領導做出。from above為固定搭配，意為“從上級”，符合語境。故選D。

49. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. replacing代替；B. assessing評估；C. managing管理；D. encouraging鼓勵。根據(jù)前段可知本文討論的是管理學的理論，此處是說，不同的文化中有不同的管理人的方法。故選C。

50. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A. refer to 提到，談到；B. contribute to 做貢獻；導致；C. object to 反對；D. apply to 適用于。此處是說，亞洲人使用的是協(xié)商式的管理方法，所有人都被要求對管理的過程作出自己的貢獻。故選B。

51. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. agreement同意；B. practice練習，做法；C. election選舉；D. impression印象。此處是說，亞洲人使用協(xié)商式的管理方法，這種方法是建立在共同協(xié)商基礎之上的，西方人也想模仿這樣的管理方法。故選A。

52. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. bossy專橫的；B. experienced有經(jīng)驗的；C. western西方的；D. male女性。根據(jù)前半句＂....women will become more effective managers than men....＂可知有些專家認為女性比男性管理更高效。因為女性更有親和力，比男性管理人更容易與別人達成一致的目標。故選D。

53. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. asking請求；B. training訓練；C. warning警告；D. firing解雇。根據(jù)前句＂... encourage employees to use their own initiative... ＂（鼓勵員工使用自己的首創(chuàng)精神），也就是說在作出決定的時候不用先請示上級經(jīng)理。故選A。

54. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. doubling雙倍；B. maintaining保持；C. reducing減少；D. estimating估價。根據(jù)＂the trend towards downsizing"（縮小規(guī)模的趨勢）可知，也就是要減少管理層的數(shù)量，可以直接做出決定而不需要請示上級。故選C。

55. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A. be honored with被授予；B. be left with留下，剩下；C. be crowded with擠滿；D. be compared with與……相比；通過這種方法，公司只剩下高層管理者和前線的與公眾直接聯(lián)系的一線管理人。省略了很多中央環(huán)節(jié)，提高了管理的效益。故選B。

56. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查副詞辨析。A. economically經(jīng)濟地；B. traditionally傳統(tǒng)地；C. inadequately不充分地；D. occasionally偶爾地；根據(jù)后句＂Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control.＂可知授權管理是一個新型的管理方法，與傳統(tǒng)的管理模式不一樣。故選B。

57. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. deny否認；B. admit承認；C. assume假定，設想；D. ensure保證，確保；授權管理是一種新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理環(huán)節(jié)，保證了整個商業(yè)計劃被采用。故選D。

58. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. virtual虛擬的；B. ineffective低效的；C. day-to-day日常的；D. on-the-scene現(xiàn)場的。根據(jù)后句＂where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.＂可知在這種新型的管理方法中，人們都是通過郵件和網(wǎng)絡聯(lián)系，說明這種一種新型通過虛擬網(wǎng)絡進行的管理方法。故選A。

59. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. opinion觀點；B. risk冒險；C. performance表現(xiàn)；D. attractiveness魅力；根據(jù)后半句中＂

in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.＂可知我們評價員工的表現(xiàn)是根據(jù)他們的產(chǎn)品而不是他們的工作時間。故選C。

七、 閱讀理解

●???【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者通過閱讀 "Patty Poem" 體會到詩歌的美，進而愛上了詩歌。

60. 【答案】B

?【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word ＂Poems＂ appeared in big, hot pink letters.可知我的興趣被激起來了，主要是因為這本書封面上的＂Poems＂很大很紅。故選B。

61. 【答案】A

?【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl.可知當母親讀完這首詩的時候，我很難過。故選A。

62. 【答案】D

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)To my mother, the poem revealed a parent's affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the "she" in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad.可知對媽媽來說這首詩讓她想起我也會長大并且也會離開她，她也會因為我的離開而非常難受。所以這本書讓她把未來可能發(fā)生的事情聯(lián)系了起來。故選D。

63. 【答案】A

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“I have since fallen in love with other poems, but ＂Patty Poem＂remains my poem. After all, "Patty Poem" gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.＂可知這首詩讓作者感受了詩歌的美，讓作者愛上了詩歌，因為這是一首有強烈的情感沖擊力的詩歌。故選A。

●???【分析】本文是一篇議論文。本文介紹了人們一直努力減少溫室氣體的排放，并設立了到2100年我們達成的目標以及達成目標要符合的條件。

64. 【答案】D

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句至第六句“Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto……stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming.”可知自從20世紀早期開始人類就一直在努力減少溫室氣體的排放，希望能減緩全球變暖的趨勢。故選D。

65. 【答案】D

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段This is how much temperatures would rise ?by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions…可知如果各國的氣體排放能夠符合巴黎協(xié)議的要求，到2100年氣溫會比現(xiàn)在高三度。而根據(jù)第三段To meet this minimum goal可知最小的目標是上升兩度。也就是說即使各國的氣體排放能夠符合巴黎協(xié)議的要求，也達不到最小的目標。故選D。

66. 【答案】B

?【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段1.5℃中的This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃ could save them from sinking. 可知對于那些低海拔的國家來說溫度上升不超過1.5度，就可以避免他們被淹沒。故選B。

●???【分析】本文是一篇議論文。主要討論的是社交媒體要求用戶簽訂的合同通常既長又難于理解，所以存在用戶不讀就簽的問題，以及專業(yè)人士提出的解決這一問題的方法。

67. 【答案】A

?【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句可知很多社交媒體公司和用戶簽訂了沒有意義的法律合同。而這些合同是沒有意義的廢話，也起不到任何作用，很多用戶根本沒有仔細閱讀合同的具體內(nèi)容。故選A。

68. 【答案】B

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段前二句“Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,”及本段最后一句可知Nigel Shadbolt 認為如果我們?nèi)プ鱿嚓P調查，人們會認為他們會很注意這些認證標記的，但在實際操作中又是另一回事。故選B。

69. 【答案】D

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段最后一句＂We still don't know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years' ?time,＂ he says. 可知我們現(xiàn)在還不知道所簽署的這些長期的無意義的合同未來會給他們帶來什么樣的影響。也不知道未來人們會怎么利用這樣的信息。故選D。

70. 【答案】B

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一句If properly administered, a kite mark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.可知文章建議我們即使有認證標志，我們也應該認真閱讀那些無意義的合同中的條款和內(nèi)容，我們要知道我們所簽署的協(xié)議的具體內(nèi)容。故選B。

71. 【答案】C

?【解析】標題概括題?，F(xiàn)在的網(wǎng)站中或者社交媒體軟件中，我們在注冊用戶名或安裝的時候，總會有一些合同或條約讓我們簽署。很多人從來都沒有詳細閱讀這些合同條款就簽名了。文章就此話題展開討論，作者提出我們應該仔細閱讀條款內(nèi)容，然后再簽名。故C項＂Accept without reading?未閱讀就接受?＂符合文章中心思想。其余三項與文章內(nèi)容不貼切。故選C。

八、 閱讀表達

●???【分析】本文是一篇議論文，禁止人們在電子扶梯上走動，并讓所有的乘客站在扶梯的兩邊，這種做法增加了電子扶梯的容量，文章就此內(nèi)容展開討論。

72. 【答案】The capacity of escalators hasn't been made full use of.

?【解析】根據(jù)第二段 In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity (容量) at the height of the rush hour. 所有的游客將被迫站在電子扶梯的兩邊，以增加電子扶梯的載客量，減輕你高峰期的交通壓力。也就是說原來的方法沒有充分利用好電子扶梯的容量。故填 The capacity of escalators hasn't been made full use of。

73. 【答案】 Passengers can go quicker by standing still.

?【解析】根據(jù)第五段第一句A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. 可知在Holborn進行的為期的三周的測試發(fā)現(xiàn)乘客們不在電子扶梯上走來走去，實際上讓使用電子扶梯的乘客的人數(shù)多了三分之一。故填 Passengers can go quicker by standing still。

74. 【答案】18.5m；

?【解析】根據(jù)第六段最后一句Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.可知靜止乘客步行的電子扶梯最好的長度是超過18.5米。故填18.5m。

75. 【答案】standing only and a mix of walking and standing；

?【解析】根據(jù)文章最后一段 ?In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three "up" escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.可知三個向上的電子扶梯中有一個在高峰期禁止行走，一個只能站立，第三個既可以站在上面也可以在上面步行。故填 standing only and a mix of walking and standing。

九、 漢譯英

76. 【答案】 I really hope that my article will be published in a newspaper someday.

?【解析】動詞hope "希望" 本身就含有未來的語義，后面所接從句通常表示將來的事情。本句中副詞someday意為＂有朝一日＂通常和一般將來時連用。故翻譯為 ?I really hope that my article will be published in a newspaper someday。

77. 【答案】The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China's economy.

?【解析】動詞witness目睹，見證；本句屬于擬人化的修辭，使用無生命的事物做主語。同時注意時態(tài)，二十世紀屬于過去的時間，所以使用一般過去時的時態(tài)。故翻譯為 The late twentieth century witnessed the rapid development of China's economy。

78. 【答案】What is the point of / in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes? ||| Is where any point (in) lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes?

?【解析】本句可以使用固定句型：There is a point in doing sth 做某事有意義。故翻譯為 What is the point of / in lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes? 或 Is where any point (in) lining up for the whole night just to buy a pair of sports shoes?

79. 【答案】Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears.

?【解析】本句中although引導讓步狀語從句，表示上下文的轉折關系。同時固定結構＂too...to...太……而不能……＂表示否定含義。故翻譯為 Although I was then too young to understand the meaning of the film, I remember my family were moved to tears。

80. 【答案】The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy.

?【解析】本句中名詞短語the moment轉換成連詞短語，意為＂一……就……＂，引導時間狀語從句。故翻譯為 The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work, she was filled with joy。

十、 書面表達

81. 【答案】

A recent survey has been conducted on whether parents feel honored about their children in Zhonghua School. What is symbolically depicted in the bar chart above is that 80% parents regard their children as pride, while, to our surprise, only 60 in every hundred students hold the same viewpoint.

Such a striking contrast is there between the two perspectives that it reveals a common phenomenon. Parents and children hold different attitudes towards the issue. From where I am standing, two reasons are responsible for the finding.

????First and foremost, with the increasingly fierce competition, teenagers are prone to suffering from the sense of inferiority. What additionally frustrates the children is peer pressure from parents. Chances are that the adults are inclined to gossip and compare with other friends about the academic performance of their children.

Apart from it, a lack of communication between parents and children is also a key factor contributing to the difference. Proud as parents feel of their children, they remain too shy to praise or give compliments. Meanwhile, children seem to abide by every command from their parents and accept the negative comments without saying a word, which triggers their self-accusation of failing to live up to the adults’ high expectations.

?From what has been mentioned above, it is fierce competition and lack of communication that give rise to the phenomenon. Only by mutual trust and understanding can children feel the importance and pride attached to them.

?【解析】本文屬于圖表作文。要求考生以姚平的身份寫一則報告，通報“父母是否以子女為榮”的調研報告的內(nèi)容。文章使用第三人稱和一般現(xiàn)在時為主的時態(tài)。要點：1. 最近參加了一項研究性學習調研，課題為“父母是否以子女為榮”。通過調研你校學生及其父母，結果發(fā)現(xiàn)雙方對此問題的看法有差異。2. 百分之80的父母親以孩子為榮；只有百分之60的孩子認為父母以我為榮。3. 分析原因：父母親把全部精力都傾注在孩子身上，孩子的成功也證明自己的教育方法是正確的；而現(xiàn)在的孩子因為年齡較小，并沒有很強的責任感，他們并沒有感受到自己承擔的義務和責任。建議在寫作的時候添加適當?shù)闹V語，如Every coin has two sides.提升文采，以增加獲得高分的可能性；穿插使用多種句式，讓文章富有變化。同時要使用兩到三個復合句，并適當使用連詞。

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