2012年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷）

試卷副標(biāo)題

考試范圍：xxx；考試時間：120分鐘；命題人：xxx

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1. ?（1分）????????????????passion, people won't have the motivation or the joy necessary for creative thinking.

A．For B．Without C．Beneath D．By

2. ?（1分）Is honesty the best policy? We ??????????????that it is when we are little.

A．will teach B．teach

C．are taught D．will be taught

3. ?（1分）As Jack left his membership card at home, he wasn't allowed ??????????????into the sports club.

A．going B．to go C．go D．gone

4. ?（1分）The new law states that people ??????????????drive after drinking alcohol.

A．wouldn't B．needn't C．won't D．mustn't

5. ?（1分）Only with the greatest of luck ??????????????to escape from the rising flood waters.

A．managed she B．she managed

C．did she manage D．she did manage

6. ?（1分）–I hear that Jason is planning to buy a car.

–I know. By next month, he ??????????????enough for a used one.

A．will have saved B．will be saving

C．has saved D．saves

7. ?（1分）When he took his gloves off, I noticed that ??????????????one had his name written inside.

A．each B．every C．other D．another

8. ?（1分）I have a tight budget for the trip, so I'm not going to fly ??????????????the airlines lower ticket prices.

A．once B．if C．after D．unless

9. ?（1分）When Peter speaks in public, he always has trouble ??????????????the right things to say.

A．thinking of B．to think of C．thought of D．think of

10. （1分）There is much truth in the idea ??????????????kindness is usually served by frankness.

A．why B．which C．that D．whether

11. （1分）Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives from ??????????????you received gifts?

A．which B．them C．that D．whom

12. （1分）The club, ??????????????25 years ago, is holding a party for past and present members.

A．founded B．founding

C．being founded D．to be founded

13. （1分）–Was it by cutting down staff ??????????????she saved the firm?

–No, it was by improving work efficiency.

A．when B．what C．how D．that

14. （1分）–We've only got this small bookcase. Will that do?

–No. ??????????????I was looking for was something much bigger and stronger.

A．What B．Where C．That D．Which

15. （1分）"Genius" is a complicated concept, ??????????????many different factors.

A．involved B．involving

C．toinvolve D．beinginvolved

16. （1分）The map is one of the best tools a man has ??????????????he goes to a new place.

A．whenever B．whatever C．wherever D．however

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Filmgoers should be told how many calories there are in the popcorn, ice cream and soft drinks that they buy in cinemas, according to the Food Standard Agency.

Smaller popcorn buckets and drink cups should also be made ??17 ?, the nutrition inspector said.

Tim Smith, chief executive of the agency, told The 77 mes that cinemas should help to deal with the country's overweight ??18 ?.

"There is a misbelief that popcorn is calorie-free, but that is not the case. It is a ??19 ??to us," he said. "Portion sizes are also a big issue, and there seems to be increasingly big packs on sale."

He spoke as a number of food chains such as Pret A Manger, Wimpey and The Real Greek ??20 ??to put calorie counts on all their menus.

A trial scheme (試行方案) with 21 food companies took place last summer, and ??21 ??are that consumers altered their buying habits when they realised the number of calories in a product.

A consultation (征詢意見) on the trial ends next month but Mr. Smith is already planning the second drive for American-style calorie counts and is ??22 ??to win support from cinemas and other entertainment places, from football grounds to concert halls.

Government ??23 ??suggest that two thirds of adults and a third of children are overweight. If trends are not ??24 ?, this could rise to almost nine in ten adults and two thirds of children by 2050, putting them at ??25 ??risk of heart disease, cancer and other diseases.

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People on a college campus were more likely to give money to the March of Dimes if they were asked for a donation by a disabled woman in a wheelchair than if asked by a nondisabled woman. In another ??26 ?, subway riders in New York saw a man carrying a stick stumble (絆腳) and fall to the floor. Sometimes the victim had a large red birthmark on his ??27 ?; ?sometimes he did not. In this situation, the victim was more likely to ??28 ??aid if his face was spotless than if he had an unattractive birthmark. In ??29 ??these and other research findings, two themes are ??30 ?: we are more willing to help people we like for some reason and people we think ??31 ??assistance.

In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid. ??32 ?, in a field study researchers placed a completed application to graduate school in a telephone box at the airport. The application was ready to be ??33 ?, but had apparently been "lost". The photo attached to the application was sometimes that of a very ??34 ??person and sometimes that of a less attractive person. The measure of helping was whether the individual who found the envelope actually mailed it or not. Results showed that people were more likely to ??35 ??the application if the person in the photo was physically attractive.

The degree of ??36 ??between the potential helper and the person in need is also important.

For example, people are more likely to help a stranger who is from the same country rather than a foreigner. In one study, shoppers on a busy street in Scotland were more likely to help a person wearing a(n) ??37 ??T-shirt than a person wearing a T-shirt printed with offensive words.

Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case. For example, shoppers in a supermarket were more likely to give someone. ??38 ??to buy milk rather than to buy cookies, probably because milk is thought more essential for ??39 ??than cookies. Passengers on a New York subway were more likely to help a man who fell to the ground if he appeared to be ??40 ??rather than drunk.

26. A．study B．way C．word D．college

27. A．hand B．arm C．face D．back

28. A．refuse B．beg C．lose D．receive

29. A．challenging B．recording

C．understanding D．publishing

30. A．important B．possible C．amusing D．missing

31. A．seek B．deserve C．obtain D．accept

32. A．At first B．Above all C．In addition D．For example

33. A．printed B．mailed C．rewritten D．signed

34. A．talented B．good-look C．helpful D．hard-working

35. A．send in B．throw away C．fill out D．turn down

36. A．similarity B．friendship C．cooperation D．contact

37. A．expensive B．plain C．cheap D．strange

38. A．time B．instructions C．money D．chances

39. A．shoppers B．research C．children D．health

40. A．talkative B．handsome C．calm D．sick

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Phil White has just returned from an 18, 000-mile, around-the-world bicycle trip. White had two reasons for making thisepicjourney. First of all, he wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised ￡70, 000 for the British charity, Oxfam. White's second reason for making the trip was to break the world record and become the fastest person to cycle around the world. He is still waiting to find out if he has broken the record or not.

White set off from Trafalgar Square, in London, on 19th June 2004 and was back 299 days later. He spent more than l, 300 hours in thesaddle(車座) and destroyed four sets of tyres and three bike chains. He had the adventure of his life crossing Europe, the Middle East, India, Asia, Australia, New Zealand and the Americas. Amazingly, he did all of this with absolutely no support team. No jeep carrying food, water and medicine. No doctor. Nothing! Just a bike and a very, very long road.

The journey was lonely and desperate at times. He also had to fight his way across deserts, through jungles and over mountains. He cycled through heavy rains and temperatures of up to 45 degrees, all to help people in need. There were other dangers along the road. In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had. The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l, 000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him. This part of the trip was slow, hard work and depressing, but he made it in the end. Now Mr. White is back and intends to write a book about his adventures.

41. When Phil White returned from his trip, he ?????????????.

A．broke the world record

B．collected money for Oxfam

C．destroyed several bikes

D．travelled about l, 300 hours

42. What does the word "epic" in Paragraph l most probably mean?

A．Very slow but exciting.

B．Very long and difficult.

C．Very smooth but tiring.

D．Very lonely and depressing.

43. During his journey around the world, Phil White ?????????????.

A．fought heroically against robbers in Iran

B．experienced the extremes of heat and cold

C．managed to ride against the wind in Australia

D．had a team of people who travelled with him

44. Which of the following words can best describe Phil White?

A．Imaginative. B．Patriotic. C．Modest. D．Determined.

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The value-packed, all-inclusive sight-seeing package that combines the best of Sydney's harbour, city, bay and beach highlights.

A SydneyPass gives you unlimited and flexible travel on the Explorer Buses: the 'red' Sydney Explorer shows you around our exciting city sights wlrile the 'blue' Bondi Explorer visits Sydney Harbour bays and famous beaches. Take to the water on one of three magnificent daily harbour cruises (游船). You can also travel free on regular Sydney Buses, Sydney Ferries or CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city.

Imagine browsing at Darling Harbour, sampling the famous seafood at Watsons Bay or enjoying the city lights on an evening ferry cruise. The possibilities and plans are endless with a SydneyPass. Wherever you decide to go, remember that bookings are not required on any of our services so tickets are treated on a first in, first seated basis.

SydneyPasses are avai-lable for 3, 5 or 7 days for use over a 7 calendar day period. With a 3 or 5 day pass you choose on which days out of the 7 you want to use it. All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip before starting your 3, 5 or 7 days, and Lhe return trip is valid (育效的) for 2months from the first day your ticket was used.

SydneyPass Fares

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*A childis defined as anyone from the ages of 4 years to under 6 years. Children under 4 years travel free.

*A familyis defined as 2 adults and any number of children from 4 to under 16 years of age from the same family.

45. A SydneyPass doesn't offer unlimited rides on ?????????????.

A．the Explorer Buses

B．the harbour cruises

C．regular Sydney Buses

D．CityRail services

46. With a SydneyPass, a traveller can ?????????????.

A．save fares from and to the airport

B．take the Sydney Explorer to beaches

C．enjoy the famous seafood for free

D．reserve seats easily in a restaurant

47. If 5-day tickets were to be recommended to a mother who travelled with her colleague and her children, aged 3, 6 and 10, what would the lowest cost be?　 ?　

A．$225. B．$300. C．$360. D．$420.

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Researchers in the psychology department at the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) have discovered a major difference in the way men and women respond to stress. This difference may explain why men are more likely to suffer from stress-related disorders.

Until now, psychological research has maintained that both men and women have the same "fight-or-flight" reaction to stress. In other words, individuals eicher react with aggressive behavior, such as verbal or physical conflict ("fight"), or they react by withdrawing from the stressful situation ("flight"). However, the UCLA research team found that men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress. While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called "tend and befriend." That is, they often react to stressful conditions by protecting and nurturing their young ("tend"), and by looking for social contact and support from others—especially other females ("befriend").

Scientists have long known that in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certainhormones(澈素) released by the body. The UCLA research team suggests that the female tend-or-befriend response is also based on a hormone. This hormone, called oxytocin, has been studied in the context of childbirth, but now it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress. The principal investigator, Dr. Shelley E. Taylor, explained that "animals and people with high levels of oxytocin are calmer, more relaxed, more social, and less anxious." While men alsosecrete(分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones.

In terms of everyday behavior, the UCLA study found that women are far more likely than men to seek social contact when they are feeling stressed. They may phone relatives or friends, or ask directions if they are lost.

The study also showed how fathers and mothers responded differently when they came home to their family after a stressful day at work. The typical father wanted to be left alone to enjoy some peace and quiet. For a typical mother, coping with a bad day at work meant focusing her attention on her children and their needs.

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The differences in responding to stress may explain the fact that women have lower frequency of stress-related disorders such as high blood pressure or aggressive behavior. The tend-and-befriendregulatory(調(diào)節(jié)的) system may protect women against stress, and this may explain why women on average live longer than men.

48. The UCLA study shows that in response to stress, men are more likely than women to ?????????????.

A．turn to friends for help

B．solve a conflict calmly

C．find an escape from reality

D．seek comfort from children

49. Which of the following is true aboutoxytocinaccording to the passage?

A．Men have the same level of oxytocin as women do.

B．Oxytocin used to be studied in both men and women.

C．Both animals and people have high levels of oxytocin.

D．Oxytocin has more of an effect on women than on men

50. What can be learned from the passage?

A．Male hormones help build up the body's resistance to stress.

B．In a family a mother cares more about children than a father does.

C．Biological differences lead to different behavioral responses to stress.

D．The UCLA study was designed to confirm previous research findings.

51. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．How men and women get over stress

B．How men and women suffer from stress

C．How researchers overcome stress problems

D．How researchers handle stress-related disorders

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???52 ??

Learning to read early has become one of those indicators—in parents'minds at least—that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. Research has shown that difficulty with reading is often due not to inferior intelligence but to differences in the developmental wiring of each individual child. In some cases, there are neurological problems and developmental lags that can be overcome with proper training.

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Traditionally, American schools teach children at age six, but many schools begin teaching informally in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten. If parents start too early to encourage reading, and a child does not immediately succeed, the parent has a hard time relaxing and letting the child go at his or her own pace.

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Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the "whole language" method and the "phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. While the whole language approach, which includes reading to children and getting them interested in both the activity of reading and the story they are reading, is helpful, phonics must be taught. Children must be taught that one of the squiggles they see is a "p" and another a "b". Getting the print off the page requires a different ability than being able to understand the meaning of what is written.

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You can start developing the skills needed in reading at a very young age without putting any pressure on children. Besides reading to them, parents can start "ear training" their child by playing rhyme games. This develops the child's ability to recognize different sounds. In reading to children, parents also can point to words as they go, teaching the child that the funny lines on the page are the words you are saying. All this should be a fun activity.

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Once a child is in school, the learning of reading is inevitably more serious. For children who have some kind of reading difficulty, you must get a professional diagnosis. While the teacher might say the child is merely disinterested but will get over it, disinterest or poor performance in reading can stem from a number of things, some being very specific learning disabilities that can be identified and worked on. But it is very tricky for parents to deal with their own child's learning disabilities.

A．When a child should learn to read

B．Why it is fun to teach a child reading

C．What if a child has reading problems

D．How you prepare a young child for reading

E．What is the best way to teach a child reading

F．Whether reading early promises later achievements

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While contact between adolescents (between the ages of fifteen and nineteen) and their peers (同齡人) is a universal characteristic of all cultures, the nature and the degree of such contact vary a great deal. In American contemporary society, adolescents spend much more time with their peers than with younger children or adults.

This pattern of age segregation (隔離) in American society did not become usual until the beginning of the industrialized society. Changes in the workplace separated children from adults, with adults working and children attending school. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workplace has further contributed to the reduction in the amount of time adolescents spend with adults. School reform efforts during the nineteenth century, which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. Finally, the changes in population are considered a factor that may have contributed to the emergence of adolescent peer culture. From 1955 to 1975, the adolescent population increased dramatically, from 11 percent to 20.9 percent. This increase in the number of adolescents might be a contributing factor to the increase in adolescent peer culture in terms of growth in size.

Research supports the view that adolescents spend a great deal of time with their peers. Reed Larson and his colleagues examined adolescents' daily activities and found that they spend more time talking to their friends than engaging in any other activity. In a typical week, high school students will spend twice as much time with their peers as with adults. This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. In sixth grade, adults (excluding parents) account for only 25 percent of adolescent social networks. Another important characteristic of ?adolescent peer culture is its increasingly autonomous (自治的) function. While childhood peer groups are conducted under the close supervision of parents, adolescent peer groups typically ?make an effort to escape adult supervision and usually succeed in doing so.

(Note: Answer the quesnons or complete the statements inNO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)

57. "This pattern of age segregation" refers to the phenomenon that adolescents segregate themselves from ?????????????.

58. Besides changes in the workplace, ??????????????are the other two factors contributing to adolescent peer culture.

59. When do adolescents start to spend less time with adults?

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60. How do adolescent peer groups differ from childhood peer groups?

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61. （3分）她五年前開始拉小提琴。（play）

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62. （4分）由于天氣惡劣，航班延誤了好幾個小時。（owing）

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63. （4分）每位設(shè)計師都希望自己的作品能經(jīng)受時間的考驗。（stand）

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64. （4分）能否抵御網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲的誘惑是擺在中學(xué)生面前的一道難題。（It）

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65. （5分）在展覽會上，公司銷售經(jīng)理展示了孩子們翹首以盼的新型電子玩具。（demonstrate）

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66. （25分）Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.

上周一，你在一所小學(xué)觀摩了小女孩Amy所在班級的兩堂繪畫課（如圖所示），回家后你用英語寫了一篇日記，內(nèi)容包括：

1. 對兩堂繪畫課的具體描述；

2. 你從中獲得的啟發(fā)。

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參考答案及解析

一、 單選題

1. ?【答案】B

?【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意：沒有熱情，人們就不會有創(chuàng)造性思維的動力或創(chuàng)造性思維的必要的快樂。A項“為，為了；因為；給；對于；”；C項“在…...之下”；D項“通過；被；依據(jù)；經(jīng)由；在附近；在…...之前”；B項“沒有；超過；在…...外面”。根據(jù)句子的語境可知，人們會有創(chuàng)造性思維的動力或必要的快樂，是源于熱情，如果沒有熱情，就不能激發(fā)人們的動力也不能帶來快樂。因此B項符合語境，其它均不符合，故選B。

2. ?【答案】C

?【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：誠實是處事的最佳原則嗎？當(dāng)我們很小的時候，我們就這樣被教導(dǎo)著。做本題的關(guān)鍵是要找出teach與we的關(guān)系，teach后面通常要跟雙賓語，即teach sb. sth.；根據(jù)句意可知，小時候，應(yīng)該是老師或長輩教我們誠實是處事的原則；所以teach與we構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，要使用被動語態(tài)，排除A和B；由于本句講述的是客觀事實，要使用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)：are taught，故選C。

3. ?【答案】B

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：由于杰克把會員卡放在了家里，所以他不被允許進(jìn)入體育俱樂部。allow的用法是 allow doing sth. 或者allow sb. to do sth.；sb. be allowed to do sth. 某人被允許做某事，根據(jù)句意，他不被“允許”進(jìn)入體育俱樂部。故選B。

4. ?【答案】D

?【解析】考查情態(tài)動詞辨析。句意：新的法律說人們酒后禁止開車。A. wouldn't是won't的過去時，表示：不愿意；B. needn't不必；C. won't不愿意；D. mustn't表示禁止。結(jié)合句意是：新的法律說人們酒后禁止開車。故選D。

5. ?【答案】C

?【解析】考查倒裝句。句意：正是憑借極好的運(yùn)氣，他才成功地從上漲的洪水中逃了出來。Only+介詞短語/時間狀語/從句放句首時，主句用部分倒裝。A是全部倒裝；B、D未倒裝；故選C。

6. ?【答案】A

?【解析】考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：–我聽說Jason正計劃買一輛車。–我知道。但是到下個月他才能攢夠買一輛舊車的錢。句中的時間狀語By next month是“到下個月之前，不遲于下個月”的意思，所以本句要使用將來完成時：will+have+動詞的過去分詞形式，這里表示在將來即“下個月”之前完成“攢夠買一輛舊車的錢”這件事。故選A。

7. ?【答案】A

?【解析】考查代詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)他摘下手套時，我注意到每個手套里面都寫著他的名字。each“各自的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)個體；every“每個的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)整體；other“其他的，另外的”；another“又一，另外的”。因為other后面常跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但也可以跟單數(shù)名詞，但常和定冠詞the搭配，the other用來表示“（兩個中的）另一個”，因此可排除C項；another通常是指三者或三者以上的另一個，從手套的數(shù)量上來看可排除D項；再從each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體和every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體這方面看，此處強(qiáng)調(diào)每一只手套，故選A。

8. ?【答案】D

?【解析】考查連詞辨析。句意：我旅行的預(yù)算很吃緊，所以不打算坐飛機(jī)，除非航空公司降低票價。once“一旦”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；if“如果”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；after“在...…之后”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句；unless“除非”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。分析可知"I'm not going to fly"和"the airlines lower ticket prices"是邏輯上的“條件”關(guān)系，故排除A和C兩項；而unless在意義上相當(dāng)于if…not，因此在有些場合中unless與if…not可互換使用。那么根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的意思可排除B項，故選D。

9. ?【答案】A

?【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：當(dāng)彼得在公共場所講話時，他總是找不到適當(dāng)?shù)脑捳f。本題考查固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth. 做…...有困難，in可以省略，故選A。

10. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：這個想法有許多哲理，坦誠為善良服務(wù)。kindness is usually served by frankness是對the idea的解釋說明，是the idea的內(nèi)容，而后面句子成分完整，所以不是定語從句，而是同位語從句，故用that來引導(dǎo)；故選C。

11. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查定語從句。句意：你給送給你禮物的親戚發(fā)感謝信了嗎？分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主句為"Have you sent thank-you notes to the relatives"，"from ??????????????you received gifts"為定語從句，此處是介詞前置的定語從句，先行詞為the relatives指代人，根據(jù)動詞短語搭配receive sth from sb. 可知，介詞+關(guān)系代詞結(jié)構(gòu)為"from whom"，因此D項符合語境，故選D。

12. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：成立于25年前的俱樂部正在為新老會員舉行一場晚會。本句的主干為The club is holding a party for past and present members，而 ??????????????25 years ago為一個定語成分，修飾the club，the club和found之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞；排除B項，C表示正在被建，D項表示將來，與25 years ago矛盾，均可排除；故選A。

13. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句。句意：–是通過裁員才使得她挽救了公司嗎？–不是的。是通過提高工作效率。本句考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)的為一介詞短語作方式狀語，所以缺少強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的標(biāo)志詞that，故選D。

14. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：–我們只是得到這個小書柜，那行嗎？–不，我想找的是更大的更牢固的。本題考查名詞性從句里的主語從句，根據(jù)look for sth. 可以判斷出該句子是缺少賓語的，可排除作狀語的B；that 在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)成分和意義，可排除C；what 即可以充當(dāng)主語，也可以充當(dāng)賓語，which作關(guān)系代詞表示從確定選擇對象中的選擇一個，不符合，可排除。故選A。

15. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查非謂語動詞。句意：“天才”是一個復(fù)雜的概念，涉及了許多不同的因素。根據(jù)"is"和"involve"兩個動作之間無連接詞出現(xiàn)可知，此處應(yīng)用非謂語動詞做狀語，因為concept與involve是主動關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。現(xiàn)在分詞短語作非限制性定語。此處相當(dāng)于一個非限制性定語從句which involves many different factors。將其改成短語的形式就是現(xiàn)在分詞短語involving many different factors。選項A過去分詞和選項D現(xiàn)在分詞的被動式，與句子主語的關(guān)系是被動的，所以排除選項A和D，而這個概念現(xiàn)在本身就涉及，所以排除表示將來的C，故選B。

16. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查狀語從句。句意：地圖是無論何時一個人去一個新地方時所帶的最好工具之一。分析可知"a man has"是省略了引導(dǎo)詞that的定語從句，其先行詞是tools；而" ??????????????he goes to a new place"是狀語從句。分析" ??????????????he goes to a new place"的句子成分可知：句子是"主+謂（vi.）+介詞+賓"結(jié)構(gòu)，缺狀語，此時可排除在句中可帶指成分的whatever，故B不正確。whenever“無論何時”，做時間狀語；wherever“無論何地”，做地點(diǎn)狀語；however“無論如何”，做方式狀語。根據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的意思可知選用whenever做時間狀語更符合句意，故選A。

二、 選用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空

●???【分析】本文是一篇說明文。食品標(biāo)準(zhǔn)局（Food Standards Agency）指出在影院買來的爆米花、冰激凌和飲料含較多的卡路里，會容易導(dǎo)致兒童超重，他們會受到心臟病、癌癥及其他疾病的嚴(yán)重威脅，因此應(yīng)該提高人類的認(rèn)識并聯(lián)合影院等娛樂場所減少這類食品的售賣來保護(hù)人類的健康。

17. 【答案】available；

?【解析】根據(jù)make的用法，得知如果變成被動后面要加不定式，所以排除十個單詞里的動詞，只能從形容詞選擇，根據(jù)句意得出答案為available。故選available。

18. 【答案】crisis；

?【解析】根據(jù)單詞overweight的形容詞性可以判斷該空為名詞，根據(jù)句意答案為crisis。故選crisis。

19. 【答案】concern；

?【解析】根據(jù)不定冠詞a可以判斷該空為可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上下文可以判斷出答案為concern。故選concern。

20. 【答案】decided；

?【解析】根據(jù)該空所在的賓語從句，可以判斷出該句缺謂語，所以需要填一個動詞，又根據(jù)該空后面的to，可以判斷出此動詞后面須加不定式，故選decided。

21. 【答案】indications；

?【解析】根據(jù)句子成分可以判斷出此空卻主語，因此應(yīng)該在是個選項當(dāng)中找出名詞進(jìn)行篩選，根據(jù)謂語動詞are判斷此處應(yīng)該為可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)，再根據(jù)詞義判斷出答案為indications。故選indications。

22. 【答案】anxious；

?【解析】根據(jù)句子成分可以判斷出be動詞后面缺形容詞，根據(jù)句意應(yīng)該是焦慮的。故選anxious。

23. 【答案】figures；

?【解析】根據(jù)suggest可以判斷出本句缺主語，雖然前面已經(jīng)有一個government，但是根據(jù)賓語從句可以判斷出主語不完整，從句意思為三分之二的成年人和三分之一的小孩兒超重，所以前面一定是和數(shù)字有關(guān)的名詞，故選figures。

24. 【答案】reversed；

?【解析】根據(jù)句子成分分析，這里不是形容詞就是被動語態(tài)缺過去分詞，根據(jù)句子意思，可知道答案為reversed，意思為趨勢不被扭轉(zhuǎn)，到了2050年，可能會導(dǎo)致十分之九的成年人和三分之二的小孩兒超重，故選reversed。

25. 【答案】serious；

?【解析】根據(jù)at risk這個詞組可以判斷出risk這里為名詞，需要一個形容詞來修飾，故選serious。

三、 完形填空

●???【分析】本文是一篇研究報告，屬于說明文。生活中忍忍都需要幫助，但在什么樣的情況下更容易獲得幫助呢？文章陳述了研究人員通過不同的調(diào)查研究所發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些不同情況。

26. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 學(xué)習(xí)，研究；B. 方法；C. 單詞；D. 大學(xué)。根據(jù)下文these and other research findings和in a field study提示，在另一份研究中，故選A。

27. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 手；B. 胳膊；C. 臉；D. 后背。根據(jù)下文"if his face was spotless,"提示可知，受害者臉上有一個巨大的紅色胎記。故選C。

28. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. 拒絕；B. 乞求；C. 失去；D. 接收，收到。根據(jù)下文"are more likely to receive aid"提示可知，如果受害者的臉無污點(diǎn)的比有不引人注意的胎記更有可能獲得援助。故選D。

29. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. 挑戰(zhàn)；B. 記錄；C. 理解；D. 出版。根據(jù)語境可知，在了解這些和其他研究結(jié)果過程中。故選C。

30. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 重要的；B. 可能的；C. 有趣的；D. 失蹤的。根據(jù)語境可知，發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個重要的主題。故選A。

31. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. 尋找，追求；B. 值得；C. 獲得；D. 接受。根據(jù)語境可知，因為某種原因我們更愿意幫助我們喜歡的人和我們認(rèn)為值得幫助的人。故選B。

32. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查介詞短語。A. 起初，開始；B. 首要的；C. 此外；D. 例如。根據(jù)下文舉列說明觀點(diǎn)"In some situations, those who are physically attractive are more likely to receive aid."，故選D。

33. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查動詞辨析。A. 打?。?/span>B. 郵寄；C. 重寫；D. 簽名。根據(jù)下文"actually mailed it or not"提示可知，是申請被郵寄。故選B。

34. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 有才能的；B. 好看的；C. 有幫助的；D. 努力工作的。根據(jù)語境可知，附在申請上的照片一張是相貌好看的、一張不太有吸引力的人。故選B。

35. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查動詞短語辨析。A. 遞送；B. 扔掉；C. 裝滿；D. 拒絕，調(diào)小。根據(jù)語境可知，結(jié)果表明，如果照片上人外表上有吸引力，人們更可能遞送這個申請。send in，意為“遞送”。故選A。

36. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 相似性；B. 友誼；C. 合作；D. 聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語境可知，在潛在的助手和有需要的人之間的相似程度也很重要。故選A。

37. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 貴的；B.簡樸的，樸素的；C. 便宜的；D. 奇怪的，陌生的。 根據(jù)語境可知，T恤上印上進(jìn)攻的話和樸素的T恤相對比。故選B。

38. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 時間；B. 指示，說明；C. 錢；D. 機(jī)會。根據(jù)常識應(yīng)該給錢買牛奶。故選C。

39. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 顧客，購物者；B. 研究；C. 兒童；D. 健康。根據(jù)語境可知，對健康來說，牛奶被認(rèn)為比餅干更重要。故選D。

40. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 健談的；B. 英俊的；C. 鎮(zhèn)定的；D. 病的。根據(jù)語境可知，生病的似乎喝醉的更容易收到幫助，故選D。

四、 閱讀理解

●???【分析】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了Phil White為了給英國的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)樂施會籌集善款，以及為了破世界紀(jì)錄，成為全世界騎自行車最快的人，他經(jīng)歷了299天，1300多個小時騎自行車完成了一萬八千英里的行程。他的這次騎自行車旅行是在沒有任何人以及任何物資的援助下，獨(dú)自一人歷經(jīng)各種艱險，并最終將籌集到的善款交給樂施會的故事。本文作者通過講述這樣一個故事，是為了說明Phil White是一個熱心慈善，勇于克服苦難，做事情堅持不懈，有目標(biāo)，有毅力的人。

41. 【答案】B

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題的題干是：當(dāng)Phil White從旅程中返回來的時候，他做了什么？根據(jù)第一段"Phil White has just returned from…h(huán)e wanted to use the trip to raise money for charity, which he did. He raised 70, 000 for the British charity, Oxfam."可知，Phil White剛剛從環(huán)球騎自行車18, 000公里的旅程中返回，…...他想利用這次旅行為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金，這一點(diǎn)他做到了；他為英國的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)樂施會籌集了70000元的善款；故選B。

42. 【答案】B

?【解析】詞義猜測題。通讀全文并根據(jù)第三段可知，Phil White的這次自行車之旅是在沒有任何人幫助以及歷盡艱險的情況下完成的，因此第一段中epic（史詩般的）表達(dá)的意思與B相同：既長又艱難；故選B。

43. 【答案】C

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"The worst thing that happened to him was having to cycle into a headwind on a road that crosses the south of Australia. For l, 000 kilometres he battled against the wind that was constantly pushing him."可知：在旅途中，他經(jīng)歷的最糟糕的事情就是在穿過澳大利亞南部的時候，騎自行車逆風(fēng)行駛了1, 000公里；另外，本段中"In Iran, he was chased by armed robbers and was lucky to escape with his life and the little money he had."只是講述了他在伊朗被武裝搶劫者追趕并僥幸逃跑的經(jīng)歷，這里并沒有描述他英勇地抗擊強(qiáng)盜的過程；所以A，不正確；故選C。

44. 【答案】D

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了Phil White為了給英國的慈善機(jī)構(gòu)樂施會籌集善款，以及為了破世界紀(jì)錄，成為全世界騎自行車最快的人，他經(jīng)歷了299天，1300多個小時騎自行車完成了18, 000英里的行程。在沒有任何人以及物資的幫助下，獨(dú)自一人歷經(jīng)各種艱險，最終完成旅程。由此可知：他做事非常的堅持不懈，并且有決心；故選D。

●???【分析】本文是一則廣告，介紹的是如何使用悉尼公交的一種套票。悉尼套票提供3、5、7天不等的海港城市，海灣和海灘等地旅游路線。一張悉尼套票帶給您無限的和靈活的觀光巴士旅行，紅色的觀光巴士帶你參觀令人興奮的城市景觀而藍(lán)色的觀光巴士帶你參觀悉尼港海灣和著名的海灘。有一種悉尼套票可以無限次搭乘巴士、渡輪及有限度市區(qū)火車，套票票價分為兒童、成人和家庭三種，因時間不同而價格各異。

45. 【答案】D

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句"CityRail services (limited area), so you can go to every corner of this beautiful city."可知，悉尼套票有限度搭乘市區(qū)火車，不能無限次地搭乘，故選D。

46. 【答案】A

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的"All SydneyPasses include a free Airport Express inward trip."可知，有悉尼套票，旅客就可以節(jié)省從機(jī)場到機(jī)場的票價，故選A。

47. 【答案】C

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表和下面的說明可知：Children under 4 years travel free，說明三歲的孩子免費(fèi)，六歲和十歲的每人60美元，成年人每人120美元，所以兩個成年人是240美元，加上兩個小孩120美元，共360美元，故選C。

●???【分析】本文是一篇科普說明文。面對生活中的種種壓力，男性和女性會表現(xiàn)出不同的反應(yīng)：男性的反應(yīng)往往是或戰(zhàn)或逃，女性往往是一種被稱之為“照顧和結(jié)友”的態(tài)度。文章主要講述了男性和女性對壓力反應(yīng)的區(qū)別和原因以及是如何克服壓力的。

48. 【答案】C

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"While men often react to stress in the fight-or-flight response, women often have another kind of reaction which could be called 'tend and befriend'."可知，面對壓力，男性的反應(yīng)往往是或戰(zhàn)或逃，女性往往是一種被稱之為“照顧和結(jié)友”的態(tài)度。所以男人比女人更可能逃避現(xiàn)實。故選C。

49. 【答案】D

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，A項內(nèi)容未涉及；根據(jù)第三句"This hormone, called oxytocin. it is being studied for its role in the response of both men and women to stress."可排除B項；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二句可知，催產(chǎn)素水平高的人和動物更容易平靜、放松，而不是說人和動物的催產(chǎn)素水平都高，故排除C項；根據(jù)最后一句"While men also secrete (分泌) oxytocin, its effects are reduced by male hormones."可知，男性盡管也分泌這種催產(chǎn)素，但受男性荷爾蒙的影響，它的作用降低了，所以對女性的影響更大。故選D。

50. 【答案】C

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一句"…in the fight-or-flight reaction to stress, an important role is played by certain hormones (激素) released by the body."可知，男性對于壓力或戰(zhàn)或逃的反應(yīng)是體內(nèi)荷爾蒙釋放的結(jié)果，故排除A項；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知，父母勞累一天回家后的反應(yīng)是不同的，故排除B項；文章所述內(nèi)容才是UCLA的研究結(jié)果，故排除D項；根據(jù)第二段中的"…men and women have quite different biological and behavioral responses to stress."可知，對于壓力，男性和女性有完全不同的生物反應(yīng)和行為反應(yīng)。故選C。

51. 【答案】A

?【解析】標(biāo)題概括題。本文主要講述了男性和女性由于不同的激素影響，面對壓力時所采取的不同應(yīng)對方式。故選A。

五、 信息匹配型任務(wù)型閱讀

●???【分析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了兒童的閱讀培養(yǎng)問題。很多家長從孩子很小的時候就開始培養(yǎng)孩子的閱讀，有些甚至在幼兒園的時候就讓孩子閱讀，但是，收效甚微。本文講到了一些兒童閱讀能力培養(yǎng)的方法，在孩子很小的時候，家長可以多讀書給孩子聽，充分培養(yǎng)孩子的辨音能力。

52. 【答案】F

?【解析】通讀本段第一二兩句話Learning to read early has become one of those indicators—in parents minds at least—that their child is smart. In fact, reading early has very little to do with whether a child is successful academically. 可知本段主要探討早期的閱讀是否能帶來日后的成就。故選F。

53. 【答案】A

?【解析】根據(jù)本段中幾個關(guān)鍵的時間狀語at age six, in kindergarten and pre-kindergarten可知本段主要在討論孩子應(yīng)何時學(xué)習(xí)閱讀。故選A。

54. 【答案】E

?【解析】本段第一句Over the years, research has proved that the use of both the "whole language" method and the "phonic" method works best for a child to master reading. 就是中心句，故選E。

55. 【答案】D

?【解析】通過You can start…，parents can start…及parents also can point…可知本段主要告訴作為父母我們該如何使孩子為閱讀做好準(zhǔn)備。故選D。

56. 【答案】C

?【解析】通過本段第二句中的"For children who have some kind of reading difficulty." 可知，本段主要介紹如果孩子有某種類型的閱讀困難該怎么辦。故選C。

六、 閱讀表達(dá)

●???【分析】本文是一篇說明文。講述了青少年群體中出現(xiàn)的“隔代現(xiàn)象”——越來越多青少年愿意花更多的時間和同伴在一起，而不是和晚輩或者長輩。本文講述了這一現(xiàn)象形成的歷史和原因——社會結(jié)構(gòu)的變化，工業(yè)時期父母在外工作的增多，青少年群體的人口增多以及家庭教育方面的原因——父母越是制約孩子，孩子越是希望擺脫父母的約束，和同齡人結(jié)伴玩耍。

57. 【答案】younger children and adults；

?【解析】根據(jù)Changes in the workplace separated children from adults. 和which resulted in age-segregated schools and grades, have reduced the amount of time adolescents spend with younger children. 可推斷答案，故填younger children and adults。

58. 【答案】school reform efforts and the changes in population；

?【解析】根據(jù)School reform efforts during the nineteenth century.和the changes in population are considered a factor. 可推斷還有學(xué)校改革的努力和人口的變化，故填school reform efforts and the changes in population。

59. 【答案】In early adolescence.

?【解析】根據(jù) This gradual withdrawal from adults begins in early adolescence. 故填In early adolescence。

60. 【答案】They have less close supervision of parents.|||They manage to escape adult supervision.|||They are increasingly autonomous.

?【解析】根據(jù) adolescent peer groups typically make an effort to escape adult supervision. 可推斷，故填They have less close supervision of parents.或They manage to escape adult supervision.或They are increasingly autonomous.

七、 漢譯英

61. 【答案】She beganto plan the violin five years ago.

?【解析】根據(jù)句中時間狀語“五年前”，句中時態(tài)應(yīng)為過去時，短語“開始做某事begin to do sth.”；“拉小提琴play the violin”，故答案為She began to plan the violin five years ago。

62. 【答案】Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a coupleof hours.

?【解析】根據(jù)句子語境可知，句子應(yīng)該用過去時，表示發(fā)生在過去的客觀事實（由于天氣原因，航班延誤了），由固定短語“owing to+n/pron由于，因為”；“某事被延誤，耽擱sth. be delayed”可知，故答案為Owing to bad weather, the flight was delayed for a couple of hours。

63. 【答案】Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time.

?【解析】根據(jù)句子的語境判斷，句子應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時，表示一般地客觀事實（每個設(shè)計師都有自己的愿望），根據(jù)動詞stand用法：stand sth/doing sth. 經(jīng)受住，忍受住某事；固定短語“希望做某事：hope to do/hope that+賓語從句，其中連詞that可省略”可知，故答案為Every designer hopes that his work can stand the test of time。

64. 【答案】It is a difficult problem for high school students whetherthey can resist the temptation of online games.

?【解析】根據(jù)提示詞it可知，這里可以用it作形式主語的主語從句來表達(dá)，結(jié)構(gòu)為“”It+be+名詞+for sb.+句子”，動詞短語“抵制誘惑resist the temptation”，故答案為It is a difficult problem for high school students whether they can resist the temptation of online games。

65. 【答案】At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys which children were looking forward to.

?【解析】根據(jù)句子的語境可知，表示發(fā)生在過去的展覽會上的事情，動作發(fā)生在過去，所以句子應(yīng)該用一般過去時，動詞短語“展示某物demonstrate sth.”；“翹首以盼look forward to sth./look for sth.”，根據(jù)句意“孩子們翹首以盼的新型玩具”可知，這里可以用定語從句來表達(dá)，先行詞為the new type of electronic toys，定語從句為which children were looking forward to，故答案為At the exhibition, the company's sales manager demonstrated the new type of electronic toys which children were looking forward to.

八、 書面表達(dá)

66. 【答案】 June 8, 2012

Last week, I visit two painting classes at a primary school. In one class a student called Amy dipped her feet in ink and made a painting out of footprints. By contrast, the same student used a brush to make a beautiful landscape painting.

The two paintings both intrigued me. They reminded me of a famous saying "Keep your eyes on the stars and your feet on the ground." The first painting represents that we should remain grounded and be cautious of being carried away with temporary success.

Success needs more than being simply down-to-earth, which also need dreams. The second painting embodied the reach of our dreams. Instead of ignoring the gleam of light that flashes across our mind, we'd better trust that the gleam and the spark will one day shine if we have faith in ourselves.

?

So we should dream big and act small. Only by doing so, can we really make our dream come true.

?【解析】根據(jù)文章要求——寫感想，可知為議論文。時間為“上周一”，可以推測時態(tài)為一般過去時為主。寫作人稱為第一人稱。本題為開放類作文，考生根據(jù)圖畫寫出繪畫課給自己的啟發(fā)即可。答案不唯一。

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