2011年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試（上海卷）

試卷副標(biāo)題

考試范圍：xxx；考試時(shí)間：120分鐘；命題人：xxx

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1. ?（1分）Graduation is a good time to thank those who have helped you ??????????????the tough years.

A．through B．up C．with D．from

2. ?（1分）To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered ?????????????.

A．the other B．other C．the others D．another

3. ?（1分）It's no use ??????????????without taking action.

A．complain B．complaining

C．being complained D．to be complained

4. ?（1分）I ??????????????worry about my weekend—I always have my plans ready before it comes.

A．can't B．mustn't C．daren't D．needn't

5. ?（1分）When Mom looked back on the early days of their marriage, she wondered how they had managed with ??????????????money.

A．so few B．such few C．so little D．such little

6. ?（1分）It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party, ??????????????

A．doesn't it B．does it C．don't they D．do they

7. ?（1分）After getting lost in a storm, a member of the navy team ??????????????four days later.

A．rescued B．was rescued

C．has rescued D．had been rescued

8. ?（1分）The rare fish, ??????????????from the cooking pot, has been returned to the sea.

A．saved B．saving C．to be saved D．having saved

9. ?（1分）At one point I made up my mind to talk to Uncle Sam. Then I changed my mind, ??????????????that he could do nothing to help.

A．to realize B．realized

C．realizing D．being realized

10. （1分）Did you predict that many students ??????????????up for the dance competition?

A．would sign B．signed C．have signed D．had signed

11. （1分）There is clear evidence ??????????????the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain.

A．what B．if C．how D．that

12. （1分）If a lot of people say a film is not good, I won't bother to see it, or I'll wait ??????????????it comes out on DVD.

A．whether B．after C．though D．until

13. （1分）The police officers in our city work hard ??????????????the rest of us can live a safe life.

A．in case B．as if

C．in order that D．only if

14. （1分）The message you intend to convey through words may be the exact opposite of ??????????????others actually understand.

A．why B．that C．which D．what

15. （1分）You'll find taxis waiting at the bus station ??????????????you can hire to reach your host family.

A．which B．where C．when D．as

16. （1分）Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing…but we seem ??????????????the art of communicating face-to-face.

A．losing B．to be losing C．to be lost D．having lost

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How would you like to wear the same underwear (內(nèi)衣褲) for weeks? Owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials, this may not be as ??17 ??as it sounds. Self-cleaning clothes have now been created, and these new materials provide ??18 ??resistance to dirt as well as water. As a result, they require much less cleaning than traditional materials.

The creation of self-cleaning clothes provides an example of how nature helps scientists develop better products. This self-cleaning nature is known as the “l(fā)otus effect”. The name comes, of course, from the lotus leaves, which are famous for growing in muddy lakes and rivers while remaining almost ??19 ??clean.

By observing nature, scientists are ??20 ??the qualities of the lotus leaves to the materials they have engineered. Because of this, some remarkable new products have been ??21 ?. Among them are special windows that are resistant to dirt and water. A special ??22 ??on these windows not only prevents dirt from sticking to their surfaces, but also allows dust to be easily washed off by the rain. In fact, these new windows have already been ??23 ??to some cars. Even when traveling at high speed through rain, these cars never have to use their windshield wipers (雨刮器).

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Although we have already seen some practical applications, even more dramatic ??24 ??will be made in the future, and they will, perhaps, change our world completely. Undoubtedly, technology is an important development, and it will have an even bigger ??25 ??on our lives.

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Everyone in business has been told that success is all about attracting and retaining (留住) customers. It sounds simple and achievable. But, ??26 ??, words of wisdom are soon forgotten. Once companies have attracted customers they often ??27 ??the second half of the story. In the excitement of beating off the competition, negotiating prices, securing orders, and delivering the product, managers tend to become carried away. They forget what they regard as the boring side of business— ??28 ??that the customer remains a customer.

???29 ??to concentrate on retaining as well as attracting customers costs business huge amounts of money annually. It has been estimated that the average company loses between 10 and 30 per cent of its customers every year. In constantly changing ??30 ?, this is not surprising. What is surprising is the fact that few companies have any idea how many customers they have lost.

Only now are organizations beginning to wake up to those lost opportunities and calculate the ??31 ??implications. Cutting down the number of customers a company loses can make a big ??32 ??in its performance. Research in the US found that a five per cent decrease in the number of defecting (流失的) ?customers led to ??33 ??increases of between 25 and 85 per cent.

In the US, Domino's Pizza estimates that a regular customer is worth more than $5,000 over ten years. A customer who receives a poor quality product or service on their first visit and ??34 ??never returns, is losing the company thousands of dollars in ??35 ??profits (more if you consider how many people they are likely to tell about their bad experience).

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The logic behind cultivating customer ??36 ??is impossible to deny. "In practice most companies' marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to ??37 ??them", says Adrian Payne of Cornfield University's School of Management. Research suggests that there is a close relationship between retaining customers and making profits. ??38 ??customers tend to buy more, are predictable and usually cost less to service than new customers. Furthermore, they tend to be less price ??39 ?, and may provide free word-of-mouth advertising. Retaining customers also makes it ??40 ??for competitors to enter a market or increase their share of a market.

26. A．in particular B．in reality

C．at least D．first of all

27. A．emphasize B．doubt C．overlook D．believe

28. A．denying B．ensuring C．arguing D．proving

29. A．Moving B．Hoping C．Starting D．Failing

30. A．markets B．tastes C．prices D．expenses

31. A．cultural B．social C．financial D．economical

32. A．promise B．plan C．mistake D．difference

33. A．cost B．opportunity C．profit D．budget

34. A．as a result B．on the whole

C．in conclusion D．on the contrary

35. A．huge B．potential C．extra D．reasonable

36. A．beliefs B．loyalty C．habits D．interest

37. A．altering B．understanding

C．keeping D．attracting

38. A．Assumed B．Respected C．Established D．Unexpected

39. A．agreeable B．flexible C．friendly D．sensitive

40. A．unfair B．difficult C．essential D．convenient

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The teacher who did the most to encourage me was, as it happened, my aunt. She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the wife of my mother's brother Bill. She taught in second grade at all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey.

During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouraged me to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what was considered practical or possible for black females. I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good. I couldn't dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps. She took me to the theatre—not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed.

My aunt also took down books from her extensive library and shared them with me. I had books at home, but they were all serious classics. Even as a child I had a strong liking for humor, and I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis'sArchy & Mehitabelthrough her.

Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided my first opportunity to write for publication. A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to the editor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen, was supposed to cover teenage social activities—and it did—but it also gave me the freedom to write on many other subjects as well as the habit of gathering material, the discipline of meeting deadlines, and, after graduation from college six years later, a solid collection of published material that carried my name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs.

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Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favourite niece". Like a diamond, she has reflected a bright, multifaceted (多面的) image of possibilities to every pupil who has crossed her path.

41. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhood and youth?

A．She lent her some serious classics.

B．She cultivated her taste for music.

C．She discovered her talent for dancing.

D．She introduced her to adult plays.

42. What doesArchy and Mehitabelin Paragraph 3 probably refer to?

A．A book of great fun.

B．A writer of high fame.

C．A serious masterpiece.

D．A heartbreaking play.

43. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ?????????????.

A．develop her capabilities for writing

B．give her a chance to collect material

C．involve her in teenage social activities

D．offer her a series of writing jobs

44. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who ?????????????.

A．trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined

B．gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential

C．emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils

D．helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning

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Humpback whales

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45. According to Quick Facts, a humpback whale ?????????????.

A．cannot survive in waters near the shore

B．doesn’t live in the same waters all the time

C．lives mainly on underwater plants

D．prefers to work alone when hunting food

46. To make a breach, a humpback whale must ?????????????.

A．use its tail flukes to leap out of the water

B．twist its body sideways to jump high

C．blow two streams of water

D．communicate with a group of humpbacks

47. From the passage we can learn that a humpback whale ?????????????.

A．has its unique markings on it tail flukes

B．has black and white fingerprints

C．gets its name from the way it hunts

D．is a great performer due to its songs

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Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists (考古學(xué)家) says. In a letter addressed to the justice secretary, Ken Clarke, 40 archaeologists write of their “deep and widespread concern” about the issue. It centers on the law introduced by the Ministry of Justice in 2008 which requires all human remains unearthed in England and Wales to be reburied within two years, regardless of their age. The decision means scientists have too little time to study bones and other human remains of national and cultural significance.

“Your current requirement that all archaeologically unearthed human remains should be reburied, whether after a standard period of two years or a further special extension, is contrary to basic principles of archaeological and scientific research and of museum practice,” they write.

The law applies to any pieces of bone uncovered at around 400 dig sites, including the remains of 60 or so bodies found at Stonehenge in 2008 that date back to 3,000 BC. Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.

The arrangements may result in the waste of future discoveries at sites such as Happisburgh in Norfolk, where digging is continuing after the discovery of stone tools made by early humans 950,000 years ago. If human remains were found at Happisburgh, they would be the oldest in northern Europe and the first indication of what this species was. Under the current practice of the law those remains would have to be reburied and effectively destroyed.

Before 2008, guidelines allowed for the proper preservation and study of bones of sufficient age and historical interest, while the Burial Act 1857 applied to more recent remains. The Ministry of Justice assured archaeologists two years ago that the law was temporary, but has so far failed to revise it.

Mike Parker Pearson, an archaeologist at Sheffield University, said: “Archaeologists have been extremely patient because we were led to believe the ministry was sorting out this problem, but we feel that we cannot wait any longer.”

The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.

48. According to the passage, scientists are unhappy with the law mainly because ?????????????.

A．it is only a temporary measure on the human remains

B．it is unreasonable and thus destructive to scientific research

C．it was introduced by the government without their knowledge

D．it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains

49. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

A．Temporary extension of two years will guarantee scientists enough time.

B．Human remains of the oldest species were dug out at Happisburgh.

C．Human remains will have to be reburied despite the extension of time.

D．Scientists have been warned that the law can hardly be changed.

50. What can be inferred about the British law governing human remains?

A．The Ministry of Justice did not intend it to protect human remains.

B．The Burial Act 1857 only applied to remains uncovered before 1857.

C．The law on human remains hasn’t changed in recent decades.

D．The Ministry of Justice has not done enough about the law.

51. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．New discoveries should be reburied, the government demands.

B．Research time should be extended, scientists require.

C．Law on human remains needs thorough discussion, authorities say.

D．Law could bury ancient secrets for ever, archaeologists warn.

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??52 ?

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With the arrival of the age of "information economy", intellectual work is becoming a more important source of wealth than manufacturing. Organizations in all walks of life are doing more to spread their information. So people of the Public Relations are hired to speak for them. A lot of our news is actually collected from press releases and reports of events intentionally staged for journalists. In the information age, journalists spend their time, not investigating, but passing on the words of a spokesperson.

??53 ?

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There is a joke in the novelScoopabout the newspaper's owner, Lord Copper. The editors can never disagree with him. When he's right about something they answer "definitely", and when he's wrong they say "to some extent, Lord Copper." It seems reasonable to suppose that, in the real world, the opinions of such powerful people still influence the journalists and editors who work for them.

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In countries where the news is not officially controlled, it may be provided by commercial organizations who depend on advertising. The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings. I suspect that some stories get air-time just because there happen to be exciting pictures to show. In Britain, we have the tabloid newspapers which millions of people read simply for entertainment. There is progressively less room for historical background, or statistics, which are harder to present as a sensational story.

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There is an argument that with spreading access to the internet and cheap technology for recording sound and images we will all be able to find exactly the information we want. People around the world will be able to publish their own eye-witness accounts and compete with the widely-accepted news-gatherers on equal terms. But what it will mean also is that we'll be subjected to a still greater amount of nonsense and lies. Any web log may contain the latest information of the year, or equally, a made-up story that you will never be able to check.

??56 ?

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Maybe the time has come to do something about it, and I don't just mean changing your choice of TV channel or newspaper. In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have two choices: switch off altogether or start looking for sources you can trust. The investigative journalist of the future is everyone who wants to know the truth.

A．Manufacturing industry in information economy

B．News in the age of information

C．Argument about individual accounts and their reliability

D．Be your own investigative journalist.

E．Don't believe everything you read in the newspapers.

F．Information is presented in an entertaining way.

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Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members. Once their size goes beyond this figure, the organizations are getting less flexible. So it seems necessary to prevent total disorder resulting from failures of communication.

One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group. By allowing these groups to build reliance on each other, larger organizations can be built up. However, merely having groups of, say, 150 will never of itself be a complete solution to the problems of the organization. Something else is needed: the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships. To allow free flow of information, they have to be able to communicate with each other in a casual way. Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.

The importance of this was drawn to my attention two years ago by the case of a TV station. Whether by chance or by design, it so happened that there were almost exactly 150 people in the station. The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.

It was some time before they work out what the problem was. It turned out that, when the architects were designing the new building, they decided that the coffee room where everyone ate their sandwiches at lunch times was an unnecessary luxury and so did away with it. And with that, they accidentally destroyed the close social networks that strengthened the whole organization. What had apparently been happening was that, as people gathered informally over their sandwiches in the coffee room, useful information was casually being exchanged.

(Note: Answer the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN EIGHT WORDS.)

57. What size of an organization may lead to communication failures?

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58. What are the two solutions to the communication problem within a large organization?

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59. After the TV station moved into new accommodation, its operation ??????????????????????????????????????.

60. From the case of the TV station, we can conclude it is ???????????????????????????????????????that make(s) an organization more successful.

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61. （3分）你為什么不在網(wǎng)上訂票？(Why)

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62. （4分）我常把王海誤認(rèn)為他的雙胞胎弟弟，因?yàn)樗麄冮L(zhǎng)得太像了。(mistake)

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63. （4分）對(duì)父母而言，沒(méi)有什么能與孩子的身心健康相比。(compare)

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64. （4分）自從出國(guó)留學(xué)后，她就不再和我們保持聯(lián)系了。(No longer)

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65. （5分）如果能找到任何適合你的學(xué)習(xí)方法，你的學(xué)習(xí)效率就可能明顯提高。(whatever)

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66. （25分）

假如你是啟明中學(xué)（Ming Qi Middle School）的李明，想申請(qǐng)一個(gè)扶貧項(xiàng)目，幫助貧困地區(qū)的兒童。根據(jù)以下啟事，寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信（信中不能提到真實(shí)姓名和學(xué)校）。

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參考答案及解析

一、 單選題

1. ?【答案】A

?【解析】考查介詞辨析。句意：畢業(yè)時(shí)一個(gè)很適合感謝那些曾經(jīng)幫助你度過(guò)艱難日子的人的好時(shí)機(jī)。A. 渡過(guò)，通過(guò)；B. 向上；C. 和；D. 從……。through the tough years意為渡過(guò)艱難的日子。故選A。

2. ?【答案】D

?【解析】考查代詞。句意：為了保持清醒，他喝完一杯咖啡，再點(diǎn)多一杯。重點(diǎn)考查代詞other，others，the other，another之間的區(qū)別。the other表示兩者中的另一個(gè)，為特指，other泛指其他的人或物；the others相當(dāng)于other+復(fù)數(shù)名詞，another泛指另一個(gè)，是兩者以上的事物泛指另一個(gè)。這里是任意的另一杯咖啡，沒(méi)有特指的意味，不選A，故選D。

3. ?【答案】B

?【解析】考查固定句型。句意：只是抱怨不采取行動(dòng)是沒(méi)有用的。本題考查固定句型“It is no using doing sth”意為“做......沒(méi)有用處”。這里it做形式主語(yǔ)，complaining without taking action是真正的主語(yǔ)。故選B。

4. ?【答案】D

?【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：我沒(méi)有必要擔(dān)心周末——我總是在那之前就做好了安排。can't“不能”；mustn’t“禁止”；daren’t“不敢”。needn't“不必”。本題考查對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的選擇，可以結(jié)合句意以及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞本身的意義來(lái)做出選擇。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示沒(méi)有必要，故選D。

5. ?【答案】C

?【解析】考查so的固定用法。句意：媽媽回顧她們?cè)缙诘纳顣r(shí)，她想知道他們?cè)趺从媚敲瓷俚腻X(qián)生活的。money是不可數(shù)名詞，用little修飾，當(dāng)名詞前有many、much、few、little修飾時(shí)，只能用so。故選C。

6. ?【答案】B

?【解析】考查反意疑問(wèn)句。句意：如果他們想?yún)⒓幽愕木蹠?huì)也沒(méi)關(guān)系。一般情況下，陳述句部分是主從復(fù)合句時(shí)，反意疑問(wèn)句部分的代詞和助動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與主句中的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞保持一致。含有賓語(yǔ)從句的反義疑問(wèn)句，反問(wèn)時(shí)應(yīng)對(duì)主句進(jìn)行反問(wèn)，此題主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為doesn’t，根據(jù)前肯后否，前否后肯的規(guī)律，用does it來(lái)反問(wèn)。故選B。

7. ?【答案】B

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：一名海軍士兵在暴風(fēng)雪中迷失了四天后被成功獲救了。由句中的four days later可知句子要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，又因?yàn)?/span>a member of the navy team與rescue之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選B。

8. ?【答案】A

?【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：從油鍋里被挽救的這條稀有的魚(yú)，已經(jīng)被送回大海。句子的主語(yǔ)fish和save之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)。相當(dāng)于一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，which was saved。盡管C項(xiàng)也是被動(dòng)形式，但是不定式的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示將來(lái)。故選A。

9. ?【答案】C

?【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：一度我曾下定決心和Sam叔叔談?wù)?，但意識(shí)到他也幫不了什么忙，我就改變主意了。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)前為主句，逗號(hào)后應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作狀語(yǔ)，主句主語(yǔ)是I與動(dòng)詞realize是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，從而排除表被動(dòng)的B和D。A項(xiàng)to do表動(dòng)詞還未發(fā)生，故排除。故選C。

10. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：你預(yù)測(cè)到將會(huì)有許多學(xué)生報(bào)名參加舞蹈比賽么？從predict意思是“預(yù)計(jì)/預(yù)測(cè)”，表明其后賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)作在當(dāng)時(shí)尚未發(fā)生，所以從句時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)該是將來(lái)時(shí)，再考慮主句時(shí)態(tài)did you predict為一般過(guò)去時(shí)，所以賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)最終確定為過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，即從過(guò)去的時(shí)間看即將發(fā)生的事，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。故選A。

11. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：有明顯證據(jù)表明最難以描述的感受是來(lái)自于身體的傷痛。通過(guò)分析句子的成分可知，此處的the most difficult feeling of all to interpret is bodily pain是同位語(yǔ)從句，用來(lái)說(shuō)明evidence是什么，不缺成分，無(wú)需添加其它意思，所以用that引導(dǎo)從句。故選D。

12. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查連詞辨析。句意：如果很多人都說(shuō)一部電影不好，我就不會(huì)去（電影院）看，或者我會(huì)等到它的DVD出版。A選項(xiàng)“是否”；B選項(xiàng)“在......之后”；C選項(xiàng)“雖然，盡管”；D選項(xiàng)“直到......”；D項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境，故選D。

13. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查連詞辨析。句意：為了讓其余的人過(guò)上安全的生活，我們城市里的警察工作很認(rèn)真。A選項(xiàng)“以防，萬(wàn)一”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，常用in case+句子或in case of+名詞結(jié)構(gòu)；B選項(xiàng)“似乎，好像”，引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句；C選項(xiàng)“為了，以便于”，引導(dǎo)目的狀語(yǔ)從句；D選項(xiàng)“只要”，引導(dǎo)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，且通常要用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。根據(jù)句意“為了讓其余的人過(guò)上安全的生活”可推知這里是由in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語(yǔ)從句，故選C。

14. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查名詞性從句。句意：你想通過(guò)話語(yǔ)傳達(dá)的信息也許正與其他人實(shí)際理解的相反。通過(guò)分析句子成分可知，others actually understand是賓語(yǔ)從句作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。從句中understand后缺少賓語(yǔ)，故用what引導(dǎo)，故選D。

15. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：你會(huì)找到一輛等在車(chē)站的出租車(chē)，搭載你到寄宿家庭。通過(guò)分析句子的成分可知，從句中缺少賓語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞，which充當(dāng)hire的賓語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞taxis。故選A。

16. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：今天我們可以通過(guò)聊天室、短信息、郵件等進(jìn)行交流，但是我們似乎正在失去面對(duì)面交流的藝術(shù)。seem后面常跟動(dòng)詞不定式，根據(jù)句意，我們似乎“正在失去”面對(duì)面交流的藝術(shù)和時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)today可知，用seem to be doing表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行且正在進(jìn)行。故選B。

二、 選用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空

●???【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了一種新型的自我清洗的衣物材料和應(yīng)用。

17. 【答案】unpleasant；

?【解析】考查形容詞。由as…as it sounds結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處空白處要填入一個(gè)形容詞，又由owing to the work that has gone into developing intelligent materials可推測(cè)出unpleasant符合句意，故選unpleasant。

18. 【答案】superior；

?【解析】考查形容詞。分析此句句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空白處也應(yīng)該填入形容詞，superior“較好的”符合句意，故選superior。

19. 【答案】miraculously；

?【解析】考查副詞。由remaining almost ??????clean可知此處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)副詞，miraculously“奇跡般地，出乎意料地”符合句意。故選miraculously。

20. 【答案】applying；

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。由句中的be動(dòng)詞are以及后面的介詞to可知，此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式，并且可以與介詞to搭配，apply sth. to sth.。故選applying。

21. 【答案】launched；

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。“some remarkable new products have been launched”意為“一些引人注目的新產(chǎn)品已經(jīng)被開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)”，與上下文相符。故選launched。

22. 【答案】coating；

?【解析】考查名詞。根據(jù)后面的on the windows以及their surfaces可知此處填coating“涂層，表層”符合句意。故選coating。

23. 【答案】fixed；

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。be fixed to意為“被安裝到......上”。故選fixed。

24. 【答案】advances；

?【解析】考查名詞。“more dramatic advances will be made in the future.”意為“未來(lái)將取得更大的進(jìn)步”。故選advances。

25. 【答案】impact；

?【解析】考查名詞。“have an impact on…”意為“對(duì)......有影響和作用”。故選impact。

三、 完形填空

●???【分析】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。在生意場(chǎng)上，吸引并留住顧客就相當(dāng)于生意的成功，這聽(tīng)起來(lái)比較簡(jiǎn)單可行，但實(shí)際并沒(méi)有那么簡(jiǎn)單。

26. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A. 特別，尤其；B. 事實(shí)上；C. 至少；D. 首先。in reality相當(dāng)于in fact事實(shí)上，根據(jù)前后句意：這聽(tīng)起來(lái)非常簡(jiǎn)單也易行，但是智慧的語(yǔ)言很快就會(huì)被遺忘。in reality在這里用于進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明事實(shí)的真相。利用排除法，故選B。

27. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. 強(qiáng)調(diào)；B. 懷疑；C. 忽視；D. 相信。根據(jù)前兩句可知，一旦公司吸引了客戶(hù)，他們經(jīng)常忘記這個(gè)故事的第二部分，即留住客戶(hù)。故選C。

28. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. 否認(rèn)；B. 確保；C. 爭(zhēng)論；D. 證明。破折號(hào)后面的“?1 ?that the customer remains a customer”是用來(lái)解釋說(shuō)明前面的“what they regard as the boring side of business”所知的內(nèi)容的，故根據(jù)句意“確?？蛻?hù)仍然是客戶(hù)”可知，B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。

29. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. 移動(dòng)；B. 希望；C. 開(kāi)始；D. 失敗。根據(jù)上文再聯(lián)系本句可知，給公司造成重大損失的原因是沒(méi)能夠集中精力留住客戶(hù)和吸引客戶(hù)，fail to do sth.沒(méi)能夠做某事，符合句意，故選D。

30. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 市場(chǎng)；B. 味道；C. 價(jià)格；D. 花費(fèi)。根據(jù)句意可知，在不斷變化的市場(chǎng)中，這不足為奇。故選A。

31. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 文化的；B. 社會(huì)的；C. 金融的，經(jīng)濟(jì)的；D. 經(jīng)濟(jì)的。根據(jù)句意可知，到了現(xiàn)在組織才開(kāi)始對(duì)這些丟失的機(jī)會(huì)醒悟過(guò)來(lái)并開(kāi)始計(jì)算其中的資金聯(lián)系。故選C。

32. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 許諾；B. 計(jì)劃；C. 錯(cuò)誤；D. 不同。根據(jù)固定搭配和語(yǔ)境可知，make a big difference有很大影響，有很大關(guān)系。故選D。

33. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 成本，花費(fèi)；B. 機(jī)會(huì)；C. 利潤(rùn)；D. 預(yù)算。由第二段最后一句可知，應(yīng)該是“導(dǎo)致（產(chǎn)生）百分之二十五到八十五的利潤(rùn)增長(zhǎng)”。故選C。

34. 【答案】A

?【解析】考查介詞短語(yǔ)辨析。A. 結(jié)果；B. 大體上；C. 總之；D. 相反。根據(jù)句意可知，假如客戶(hù)第一次就接收到糟糕的產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)，結(jié)果他不會(huì)再來(lái)的，這樣公司失去成千上萬(wàn)的潛在的利潤(rùn)。故選A。

35. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 巨大的；B. 有潛力的；C. 額外的；D. 合理的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，公司損失了很多潛在的利潤(rùn)。故選B。

36. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. 信念；B. 忠誠(chéng)；C. 習(xí)慣；D. 興趣，利益。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，培育客戶(hù)忠誠(chéng)度背后的邏輯是不可能否認(rèn)的。故選B。

37. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. 改變，更改；B. 理解；C. 保持；D. 吸引。根據(jù)句意可知，事實(shí)上，大多數(shù)公司的市場(chǎng)努力集中在贏得客戶(hù)，而很少關(guān)心留住他們。故選C。

38. 【答案】C

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 猜想的；B. 被尊敬的；C.被建立的，固定的；D. 意外的。根據(jù)句意可知，固定的客戶(hù)往往買(mǎi)更多的產(chǎn)品，有預(yù)測(cè)性，在服務(wù)方面通常比新客戶(hù)花費(fèi)的少。故選C。

39. 【答案】D

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 同意的；B. 靈活的；C. 友好的；D. 敏感的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此外，固定的客戶(hù)往往對(duì)價(jià)格不太敏感，他們可以提供口頭的免費(fèi)廣告。故選D。

40. 【答案】B

?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. 不公平的；B. 困難的；C. 基本的，重要的；D. 方便的。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，報(bào)留住客戶(hù)也使競(jìng)爭(zhēng)者很難進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)或增長(zhǎng)市場(chǎng)份額。故選B。

四、 閱讀理解

●???【分析】本文是記敘文。主要介紹了在作者一生中有很大影響的一位老師，同時(shí)也是作者的舅媽。她鼓勵(lì)作者開(kāi)發(fā)自己的潛能，從圖書(shū)館帶書(shū)回來(lái)給作者看，還為作者提供寫(xiě)作的機(jī)會(huì)等等。

41. 【答案】D

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“I had books at home，but they were all serious classics”可知Aunt Myrtle借給我的書(shū)不是“serious classics”，所以排除A；根據(jù)文章第二段中的“I liked to sing; she listened to my voice and pronounced it good”可知Aunt Myrtle并未栽培我的音樂(lè)技能，所以排除B；根據(jù)文章第二段中“I couldn't dance; she taught me the basic dancing steps.”可以排除C；根據(jù)文章第二段中的“She took me to the theatre—not just children's theatre but adult comedies and dramas—and her faith that I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed”可知，Aunt Myrtle把作者帶入到成人戲劇中。故選D。

42. 【答案】A

?【解析】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“I'll never forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis'sArchy & Mehitabelthrough her”可知Archy and Mehitabel是一本有趣的書(shū)。故選A。

43. 【答案】A

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段開(kāi)頭可知，Aunt Myrtle想要培養(yǎng)作者的寫(xiě)作能力。故選A。

44. 【答案】B

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章開(kāi)頭以及最后一段可知，Aunt Myrtle在挖掘?qū)W生潛能時(shí)給予學(xué)生自信。故選B。

●???【分析】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了駝背鯨的身體結(jié)構(gòu)特征、生活環(huán)境、習(xí)性及如何捕食等內(nèi)容，還說(shuō)明這種鯨目前處于一種瀕臨滅絕的狀態(tài)。

45. 【答案】B

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章右欄中的Environment中的內(nèi)容“From warm tropical (熱帶的) waters, where they breed, to cold polar waters, where they eat.”可知，humpback whale在熱帶水域繁殖，在寒帶水域中覓食，故選B。

46. 【答案】A

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的內(nèi)容“Sometimes the humpback will dive with a fantastic movement, known as a breach. During breaching the whale uses its powerful tail flukes to lift nearly two-thirds of its body out of the water in a giant leap”可知，有時(shí)駝背鯨在潛水時(shí)會(huì)有種意想不到的動(dòng)作，稱(chēng)為“突破”。在“突破”時(shí)，座頭鯨會(huì)用它強(qiáng)有力的尾巴將自己身體的三分之二在一個(gè)飛躍到水的外面，故選A。

47. 【答案】A

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“The humpback has a small dorsal fin located towards the tail flukes about two-thirds of the way down its back. Other distinguishing features include large pectoral fins, which may be up to a third of the body length, and unique black and white spots on the underside of the tail flukes. These markings are like fingerprints: no two are the same.”可知，座頭鯨有一個(gè)較小的背鰭，大概是背部三分之二靠近尾部的地方。它其他的特征還包括大的胸鰭，總長(zhǎng)有全部身體的三分之一長(zhǎng)，以及在尾鰭下方有一些特殊的黑與白的點(diǎn)。這些的特點(diǎn)有些像指紋那樣。沒(méi)有兩條的駝背鯨有同樣的標(biāo)記。A項(xiàng)說(shuō)法正確，B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；由第一段“The name ‘humpback’, which is the common name for this whale, refers to the typical curve shape the whale’s back forms as it dives”可知，起這個(gè)名字是因?yàn)楫?dāng)它要潛入水中時(shí)，會(huì)將背部提到一種典型的曲線形狀，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤和“Humpback whales are sometimes called performers of the ocean”，駝背鯨有時(shí)稱(chēng)為海洋的表演者，D項(xiàng)說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤，故選A。

●???【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。介紹了英國(guó)一部不是很完善的法律給考古帶來(lái)的巨大影響和破壞。為此，考古學(xué)家給司法部寫(xiě)信，表示他們對(duì)此非常關(guān)切。

48. 【答案】B

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第四段可知，考古學(xué)家們認(rèn)為此項(xiàng)法律是不合理的，對(duì)考古工作也是有破壞性的，故選B。

49. 【答案】C

?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第二句“Archaeologists have been granted a temporary extension to give them more time, but eventually the bones will have to be returned to the ground.”可知，雖然時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)了，但是這些人類(lèi)的遺骸還是要被重新埋起來(lái)，可知C項(xiàng)正確；根據(jù)第三段第二句，可知A項(xiàng)說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；根據(jù)第四段，可知B項(xiàng)說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤；文章沒(méi)有提到D項(xiàng)所敘說(shuō)內(nèi)容。故選C。

50. 【答案】D

?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“The ministry has no guidelines on where or how remains should be reburied, or on what records should be kept.”可推知，司法部還沒(méi)有對(duì)法律做出明確的規(guī)定，所以D項(xiàng)說(shuō)法正確；A項(xiàng)說(shuō)法與文章內(nèi)容相悖；根據(jù)第五段，可知B項(xiàng)中的副詞only絕對(duì)化了，所以不正確；C項(xiàng)中的in recent decades說(shuō)法有誤。故選D。

51. 【答案】D

?【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段的句子“Human remains of ancient settlements will be reburied and lost to science under a law that threatens research into the history of humans in Britain, a group of leading archaeologists（考古學(xué)家） says.”可知，法律要求出土的文物要重新被埋入地下，為此很多古代的秘密就不為人知了，故選D。

五、 信息匹配型任務(wù)型閱讀

●???【分析】本文是議論文。以上幾個(gè)段落主要是關(guān)于信息時(shí)代中出現(xiàn)的各種現(xiàn)象并且進(jìn)行了分析。

52. 【答案】B

?【解析】根據(jù)短文第一句話可知，隨著信息時(shí)代的到來(lái)，與手工工作相比腦力工作成為人們財(cái)富的更重要的來(lái)源。所以本段的主旨是關(guān)于信息時(shí)代的消息，故選B。

53. 【答案】E

?【解析】短文中講的是一則關(guān)于報(bào)紙上新聞?wù)婕俚男υ?，故選E。

54. 【答案】F

?【解析】根據(jù)短文第二句話“The news has to attract viewers and maintain its audience ratings.”可知，新聞需要吸引各種觀眾，所以新聞要有娛樂(lè)功能故選F。

55. 【答案】C

?【解析】根據(jù)短語(yǔ)第一句話可知，本段是關(guān)于一個(gè)爭(zhēng)論，根據(jù)第二句和第三句話可知，是一個(gè)關(guān)于個(gè)人描述是否可靠的爭(zhēng)論，故選C。

56. 【答案】D

?【解析】該段主要講的是，面對(duì)這么多不知真假新聞，我們有兩個(gè)選擇，關(guān)掉電視，或者開(kāi)始自己尋找值得信賴(lài)的消息來(lái)源，所以本段主旨可以是成為自己的調(diào)查新聞?dòng)浾?，故選D。

六、 綜合型任務(wù)型閱讀

●???【分析】本文是議論文。主要闡述了一個(gè)組織的成員多少與交流的關(guān)系。社會(huì)學(xué)家早就認(rèn)識(shí)到，不到200個(gè)人的自由流動(dòng)可以通過(guò)操作各成員之間的信息。一旦它們的規(guī)模遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超出這一數(shù)字，這兩個(gè)組織獲得不夠靈活。因此，似乎有必要防止總的通信故障造成混亂。文中并且提出了解決問(wèn)題的方法：組織人數(shù)縮減，構(gòu)建直接的人事關(guān)系。

57. 【答案】An organization of more than 200 individuals.

?【解析】本題涉及的論點(diǎn)在第一段。本段中的第一句“Sociologists have long recognised that organisations of less than 200 individuals can operate through the free flow of information among the members.”明確告訴我們二百人以?xún)?nèi)的機(jī)構(gòu)可以保證員工之間自由的信息溝通。反向理解則為：超過(guò)二百人的機(jī)構(gòu)其員工之間的信息溝通會(huì)遇到障礙，也就是提干中的“l(fā)ead to communication failures”。故答案為An organization of more than 200 individuals。

58. 【答案】Structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationships.

?【解析】本題題干中明確要求考生寫(xiě)“兩個(gè)解決方案（two solutions）”。第二段的第一句“One solution to this problem would, of course, be to structure large organisations into smaller units of a size that can act as a group.”中有一個(gè)“solution”，即：“structure large organisations into smaller units of size that can act as a group”。另一個(gè)“solution”是“the people involved must be able to build direct personal relationships”。由于答題要求字?jǐn)?shù)不得超過(guò)8個(gè)字，考生就得對(duì)原文中提到的兩種解決方案的表述在文字上進(jìn)行壓縮。把句子中次要的成份去除，于是就留下了“structuring…and building…”。故答案為Structuring smaller organizations and building direct personal relationships。

59. 【答案】seemed to be more difficult|||seemed to be less satisfying

?【解析】本題涉及的內(nèi)容在第三段，具體的句子是“The whole process worked very smoothly as an organization for many years until they were moved into purpose-built accommodation. Then, for no apparent reason, the work seemed to be more difficult to do, not to say less satisfying.”。關(guān)鍵詞是“smoothly, until, moved into, more difficult, less satisfying”。題干中的“operation”一詞在原文中似乎沒(méi)有，其實(shí)不然，倒數(shù)第二行的“the work”就是指題干中的“operation”。故答案為seemed to be more difficult/less satisfying。

60. 【答案】the close social networks ||| the free flow of information ||| the causal communication

?【解析】從題干的句子形式我們可看出本題要考生回答的是：究竟是什么能使機(jī)構(gòu)運(yùn)作得更成功？在TV Station的例子中我們的知其人員是150人，屬于第一段中所說(shuō)的能保證“the free flow of information”的人員編制。同樣，我們從第一段中的知自由暢通的信息交流對(duì)機(jī)構(gòu)的成功運(yùn)作很重要。因此，“the free flow of information”是本題的答案之一。在第二段中我們還得知，把人員分成若干“group”構(gòu)建“direct personal organization”也是有效地方法，我們把這點(diǎn)可概括為“close personal relationship/close social networks/direct information exchange system”等等。再次，第二段的結(jié)尾句“Maintaining too formal a structure of relationships inevitably prevents the way a system works.”我們可反其道理解為：“informal/casual personal communication is the way a system works more successfully”。這點(diǎn)也可從TV station搬遷后沒(méi)有設(shè)置“coffee room”從而影響了員工之間的交流，導(dǎo)致“the work seemed to be more difficult to do”這一案例得到印證。故答案為the close social networks或the free flow of information或the causal communication。

七、 漢譯英

61. 【答案】Why not book tickets online/reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?|||Why don't you book tickets online/reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?

?【解析】考查句型“Why not do sth.?”，就相當(dāng)于“Why don't you do sth.?”。網(wǎng)上訂票可以表述為book tickets online/reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet。故翻譯為Why not book tickets online/reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?或Why don't you book tickets online/reserve the ticket(s) on the Internet?

62. 【答案】I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar.或I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look very much alike.

?【解析】mistake sb. for sb.意為“將某人誤認(rèn)為某人”，長(zhǎng)得像可以表述為look so similar/very much alike。故翻譯為I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look so similar.或I often mistake Wang Hai for his twin brother because they look very much alike。

63. 【答案】As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children's physical and mental health.

?【解析】as for sb.意為“對(duì)于某人而言”，be compared with意為“與……比較起來(lái)”，身心健康可以表述為physical and mental health。故翻譯為As for parents, nothing can be compared with their children's physical and mental health。

64. 【答案】No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study.或No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further education.

?【解析】No longer表示“不再”，用于句首要用倒裝，保持聯(lián)系“kept in touch with”。故翻譯為：No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study.或No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further education。

65. 【答案】If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your study efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.|||If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.

?【解析】本題考查whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句，即賓語(yǔ)從句，可能做某事“be likely to do”。故翻譯為If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your study efficiency is likely to improve remarkably.或If you can find whatever learning method (that) suits you, your learning efficiency is likely to improve remarkably。

八、 書(shū)面表達(dá)

66. 【答案】Dear World Child Foundation organizers,

My name is Jerry Lu, a student currently studying at Ming Qi Middle School. I am writing, on behalf of my classmates, to apply for the 2,000 yuan's worth of fund in a bid to initiate a program aimed at helping those students who are financially disadvantaged.

Being raised in families that don't have to worry about putting food on the table need not mean oblivion to our less fortunate peers. On this account, we would appreciate it if you could sponsor our poverty-relief endeavor. The following is how we would go about using the money.

We would spend 1, 500 yuan purchasing some stationery for the needy students in a poverty-stricken area. It is worth noting that we would inform them to pick up the school supplies themselves instead of us "doling out" the supplies so that we wouldn't end up embarrassing those who we want to help. The remainder of the fund would be used to invite a motivational speaker who was to talk about how to lift oneself out of poverty by making right academic and professional decisions.

At the end of the day, our efforts might only trigger a ripple in the lives of some young people, but who knows what butterfly effects these young minds may have on tomorrow's world?

We would be much obliged if you could reply at your earliest convenience.

You can reach me at 2011hope@icf. org.

Yours Sincerely,

Li Ming ????

?【解析】本文為應(yīng)用文，屬于提綱類(lèi)作文。根據(jù)對(duì)一則啟事圖片的理解寫(xiě)一封申請(qǐng)信，申請(qǐng)一個(gè)扶貧項(xiàng)目，幫助貧困地區(qū)的兒童。寫(xiě)作要點(diǎn)：說(shuō)明寫(xiě)信目的；個(gè)人的基本情況；對(duì)申請(qǐng)項(xiàng)目的基本設(shè)想；項(xiàng)目經(jīng)費(fèi)的使用計(jì)劃。基本時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，人稱(chēng)以第一、三人稱(chēng)為主。寫(xiě)作時(shí)注意準(zhǔn)確運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)，上下文意思連貫，盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，同時(shí)也要注意使用高級(jí)詞匯和高級(jí)句型使文章顯得更有檔次。

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