01
虛擬語(yǔ)氣
?
?
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考點(diǎn)為：
would rather+that從句+一般過(guò)去時(shí);
It is vital/ necessary/ important/ urgent/ imperative/ desirable/ advisable/ natural/ essential+that+(should)動(dòng)詞原形;
proposal/suggestion+that+動(dòng)詞原形;
It is time/about time/high time+that+一般過(guò)去時(shí);
lest+that+should+動(dòng)詞原形;
if only+that+would+動(dòng)詞原形。
?
在虛擬語(yǔ)氣中，除了記住一套與時(shí)態(tài)相對(duì)應(yīng)的規(guī)范用法之外，以下幾點(diǎn)也是不容忽視的：
1、名詞性從句中要用過(guò)去時(shí)或should+動(dòng)詞原型構(gòu)成虛擬語(yǔ)氣。如：Itistimewewenthome.
2、wouldrather,hadrather后的從句動(dòng)詞用相當(dāng)于陳述語(yǔ)氣的過(guò)去時(shí)來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：Iwouldratheryouwentwithher.我寧愿你跟她走。只有當(dāng)wouldrather后面動(dòng)作的主體與前面主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)才可以用不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，如：I’drathertaketheimportantletterwithme.在這個(gè)句子中，rather后面的主語(yǔ)為I，和前面的主語(yǔ)一致，所以用的不是過(guò)去式，而是不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式。
3、在itisimportant/ suggested/ necessary/ proposed 等結(jié)構(gòu)后的主語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示應(yīng)該做什么事情，即用動(dòng)詞原形或should+動(dòng)詞原型，如：It is important that you (should) be here on time.
類似的可以引起主語(yǔ)從句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣的形容詞或過(guò)去分詞還有appropriate, advisable, better, imperative, insistent, natural, preferable, strange, urgent, vital, desirable, demanded, recommended, required 等。
4、詞組butfor相當(dāng)于wereitnotfor或haditnotbeenfor,表示一種含否定意義的條件，后面一般加名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)，如：He might have been killed but for the arrivalof the police.要不是警察來(lái)了他本可能被殺死。5、在某些表示祝愿的句子里需要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，如：May you be happy all your life!
02
?
方式狀語(yǔ)從句
?
方式狀語(yǔ)從句通常由as，as if，as though，the way，what引導(dǎo);
eg：Always do to the others as you would be done by.
When enter rome do as the romans do.
?
(1) as從句帶有比喻的含義，意思是"正如…"，"就像";
(2) as if/ though："仿佛……似的"，"好像……似的";
有時(shí)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，有時(shí)不用;
eg：They completely ignore these facts as if (as though) they never existed. (與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
He looks as if (as though) he had been hit by lighting.
(與事實(shí)相反，謂語(yǔ)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。)
It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon.
(實(shí)現(xiàn)的可能性較大，謂語(yǔ)用陳述語(yǔ)氣。)
(3) the way：可以連接兩個(gè)句子，表達(dá)就像……一樣;
eg：I should do the job the way my father did.
Many Europeans now apparently view the US. the way many Americans view Mexican as a cheap place to vacation, shop and party.
(4) what：就像，猶如;
eg：Air is to man what/as water is to fish.
句型：A is to B what C is to D.
eg：A1 Gore calls global warming an "inconvenient truth," as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution.
put sb. on a path to a solution：找到解決的辦法;
03
?
看書(shū)和讀書(shū)
?
可以由that，so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case等詞引導(dǎo);
1. lest：以防，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用should+動(dòng)詞原形;
eg: He wrote the name down for fear that(lest) he should forget it.
He took the umbrella with him lest it should rain.
2. in case：以防，與lest不同，從句里的時(shí)態(tài)不做特殊變化;
eg：Take the umbrella with you in case it rains.
3. for feat that：和lest保持一致;
eg：A variety of activities should be organized so that participants can remain active as long as they want and then go on to something else without feeling guilty and without letting the other participants down.
04
?
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句
?
結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so… that 或 such…that引導(dǎo);so保留，that可以省略;如此……以至于……;
eg：He didn't abide by the contract so that he was fined.
He was so excited that he couldn't fall asleep.
He made such an inspiring speech that everybody got excited.
比較：so和 such
(1) so：so +形容詞、副詞+that;so+形容詞+a/an+名詞+that;
eg：The wind was so strong that we could hardly move forward.
He run so fast that I couldn't catch up with him.
It was so hot a day that crops wilted.
He is so lovely a boy that everyone loves him.
(2) such：such+a/an+形容詞+名詞+that
eg：It was such a hot day that crops wilted.
He is such a lovely boy that everyone loves him.
05
?
原因狀語(yǔ)從句
?
1) because語(yǔ)勢(shì)最強(qiáng)，用來(lái)說(shuō)明人所不知的原因，回答why提出的問(wèn)題。當(dāng)原因是顯而易見(jiàn)的或已為人們所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
?
2) 由because引導(dǎo)的從句如果放在句末，且前面有逗 號(hào)，則可以用for來(lái)代替。但如果不是說(shuō)明直接原因，而是多種情況加以推斷，就只能用for。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
06
?
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句
?
?
當(dāng)有though, although時(shí)，后面的從句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用
?
Although it's raining, they are still working in the field. 雖然在下雨，但他們?nèi)栽诘乩锔苫睢?/span>
He is very old, but he still works very hard. 雖然他很老，但仍然努力地工作。
Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 傷口雖愈合，但傷疤留下了。(諺語(yǔ))
?
典型例題
1) ___she is young, she knows quite a lot.
? ? ? ? ?A. When ? ? ? ? ?B. However ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?C. Although ? ? D. Unless
答案：C。意為雖然她很年輕，卻知道許多。
2) as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句
as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前(形容詞、副詞、分詞、實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前)。
Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.
= Though he was a small child, he knew what was the right thing to do.
注意：a. 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞。
b. 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)，隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。
Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.
= Though he tries hard, he never seems…
雖然他盡了努力，但他的工作總做的不盡人意。
3) ever if, even though. 即使
We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad.
4) whether…or- 不管……都
Whether you believe it or not, it is true.
5) "no matter +疑問(wèn)詞" 或"疑問(wèn)詞+后綴ever"
No matter what happened, he would not mind.
Whatever happened, he would not mind.
替換：no matter what = whatever
? ? ? ? ?no matter who = whoever
? ? ? ? ?no matter when = whenever
? ? ? ? ? no matter where = wherever
? ? ? ? ?no matter which = whichever
? ? ? ? ? no matter how = however
注意：no matter 不能引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句和賓語(yǔ)從句。
No matter what you say is of no use now. （×）
Whatever you say is of no use now. （√）
Prisoners have to eat no matter what they're given （×）
Prisoners have to eat whatever they're given.（√）
07
?
比較狀語(yǔ)從句
?
than，as…as…，not so as…，(not) the same as，the+比較級(jí);
eg：Light travels fast than sound.
the+比較級(jí)：
eg：The sooner，the better.
?
(1)當(dāng)……的時(shí)候：while，when，as ;
when：強(qiáng)調(diào)一件事情正在發(fā)生的時(shí)候，另外一件事情突然發(fā)生;
eg：When I was watching TV, my mother came back.
while：強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，一邊……一邊……;
eg：My father is cooking while my mother is reading newspaper.
as："隨時(shí)間推移"
? eg：As time went by, the days became longer and longer.
?
(2)一……就……：as soon as，主將從現(xiàn);用directly，immediately， instantly連接兩個(gè)句子;一些名詞如the minute，the moment，the instant也可表示;no sooner… than，hardly… when后面的句子需要倒裝;
eg：I will write to you the moment/minute I arrived in Paris.
?
(3)特殊單詞：by the time that，every/each time(使用時(shí)后面不要再加when)
?
(4)till&until：
① 肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某時(shí)"，動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性的;否定形式表達(dá)的意思是"直至某時(shí)才做某事"，一般用until，動(dòng)詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以;
eg: I slept until midnight.
Wait till I call you.
She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock.
② Until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首，通常用于句中;
eg: Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened.
eg：As you sleep you pass through a sequence of sleep states—light sleep, deep sleep and REM (rapid eye movement) sleep—that repeats approximately every 90 minutes.
獲得更多試題及答案，歡迎聯(lián)系微信公眾號(hào)：ygjjcom
