動詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致
一、在空白處填入括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式:
1. Since the United Nations declared June 21 the International Day of Yoga in 2014 , many cities in China_______(start)hosting international yoga festivals.
【答案】(現(xiàn)在完成時)have started
【解析】句意:自從聯(lián)合國在2014年宣布6月21日為國際瑜伽日以來,中國的許多城市已經(jīng)開始舉辦國際瑜伽節(jié)。此處since(自從……以來)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句,從句用一般過去時,主句用現(xiàn)在完成時,句子主語cities是復(fù)數(shù)形式,所以謂語動詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2. Over the past decade, a global push to reduce hunger and extreme poverty______(mark) some significant successes.
【答案】(現(xiàn)在完成時)has marked
【解析】由時間狀語Over the past decade可知,句子表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響,故用現(xiàn)在完成時,主語a global push是第三人稱單數(shù),謂語動詞也用單數(shù)形式。
3 . The twins , who _______ ( finish ) their homework , were allowed to play badminton in the playground.
【答案】(過去完成時)had finished
【解析】此處表示這對雙胞胎完成作業(yè)是在被允許到操場上打羽毛球(過去式)之前,所以完成作業(yè)應(yīng)該使用過去完成時。
4. It is the first time that I______(punish) students.
【答案】(現(xiàn)在完成時)have punished
【解析】考查固定句型中的時態(tài):It/This/That is the first time that sb. has done sth. ;It/This/That was the first time that sb. had done sth.。
5.While _________(pick) the tea, he received the news of his mother being ill ,so he carelessly put the leaves in his right sleeve and _______(leave) Hangzhou for Beijing
【答案】(現(xiàn)在分詞)picking;(一般過去時)left
【解析】句意:在摘茶葉的時候,他收到了母親生病的消息,所以他不小心把葉子放在他右邊的袖子里,離開杭州去了北京。第一空所在句省略的主語he和pick之間是主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。第二空,由and可知此處與put是并列謂語,故填left。
6. Shelley received early education at home and later, at the age of 12, _________(admit) to Eton College, which has a long history of more than 500 years, (date) back to the 15th century.?
【答案】(一般過去時的被動語態(tài))was admitted;(現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語)dating
【解析】第一空,由and可知,此處與前面的謂語動詞received并列,且admit與主語Shelley之間為動賓關(guān)系,表示“被錄取”,故用被動語態(tài)。第二空作伴隨狀語,用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
7. What you say - the actual words you use-________(account) for only 7 percent of the message.
【答案】(主謂一致)accounts
【解析】此處表示你所說的話實際只占信息的7%。從句"What you say"作主語,謂語動詞用單數(shù),且根據(jù)語境可知,此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
8.There are many differences between China and India when it comes to how yoga_______(practice ).
【答案】(一稅現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài))is practised
【解析】此處yoga是從句的主語,和practise之間是賓關(guān)系,結(jié)合語境可知,此處應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。
9.To improve your memory, you need to take an active role. Like your body, your memory can_________(strengthen) through exercise.
【答案】(含情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài))be strengthened
【解析】此處表示像你的身體一樣,你的記憶力可以通過鍛煉來增強。分析句子可知,can后要用動詞原形,而your memory與動詞strengthen之同量動賓關(guān)系,故用被動語態(tài)。含情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)是“情態(tài)動詞+be done"。
10.I________(do)my homework when someone knocked at the door.
【答案】(過去進行時)was doing
【解析】考查固定句型:be doing...+when sb.did,表示"正在......這時……”。
11. Would you please keep silent? The weather report_________ (broadcast). I want to listen.
【答案】(現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài))is being broadcast
【解析】句意:你能安靜點嗎?天氣預(yù)報正在播報。我想聽。根據(jù)句意可知,謂語動詞用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。
12. Poor Mr. Perkins had to wait patiently until his car was the only one that_______(leave)in the parking lot.
【答案】(一般過去時的被動語態(tài))was left
【解析】此處表示可憐的Perkins先生不得不耐心地等著直到他的車是唯一一輛停在停車場的那一刻。這里的one指代car,that引導(dǎo)定語從句,修飾 the only one;that作定語從句的主語,與動詞leave構(gòu)成動賓關(guān)系,因此要用被動語態(tài),再結(jié)合前面的had to和was可知,這里應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)。
13(2019陜西咸陽一模,61)A representative who???????????(see)his performance before thought he could replace another star who intended to leave.
【答案】.had seen
【解析】句意:以前曾看過他演出的某位代表認為他可以代替另立打算離開的明星。設(shè)空處在定語從句中作謂語動詞,根據(jù)主語語動詞thought以及從句中的時間狀語before,可知從句謂語發(fā)生在“過去的過去”,故從句用過去完成時態(tài)。
14.(2019新疆烏魯木齊二診,63)It_(be)a tradition since the kings in the eighth and ninth centuries stopped trading.
【答案】has been
【解析】句意:自從8世紀和9世紀的國王們停止貿(mào)易以來,這就成為一個傳統(tǒng)。根據(jù)since引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句可知主句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)
15.(2019黑龍江哈爾濱三中一模,70)Additionally,the kinds of facial make-up(臉譜)_____(be) the most particular art in Peking opera.
【答案】are
【解析】句意:此外,在京劇中臉譜的種類是最為特別的藝術(shù)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,主語為the kinds of facial make-up,因為在陳述事實,故句子用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。
16.(2019陜西漢中一模,42)That was the first time that I???????????(notice) the fresh taste of the meat and vegetables of Chinese food.
【答案】.had noticed
【解析】 句意:那是我第一次注意到中餐中肉和蔬菜的新鮮味道。在That is/was the first time that...句型中,當(dāng)前面為is時,that從句用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài);當(dāng)前面為was時,that從句用過去完成時態(tài)。根據(jù)句中的was可知that從句用過去完成時態(tài)。
17.(2019黑龍江大慶質(zhì)檢三,62)It is said Lu Ban,who lived in the Spring and Autumn Period,???????????(invent) the kite.
【答案】.invented
【解析】句意:據(jù)說魯班發(fā)明了風(fēng)箏,他生活于春秋時期。根據(jù)語境可知,魯班發(fā)明風(fēng)箏發(fā)生在過去,故用一般過去時態(tài)
18.(2018東北三省三校一模,62)Especially famous is the wall built in 220-206 BC. Little of that
wall ????????????(remain).
【答案】.remains
【解析】句意:尤為著名的是建于公元前220年到206年之間的那段長城?,F(xiàn)在它已所剩無幾。設(shè)空處在句中作謂語動詞,根據(jù)語境可和此處說的是現(xiàn)在的情況,故用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài),主語為第三人稱單數(shù),故填remains。remain vi.剩下;留下。
19.(2018黑龍江哈爾濱三中一模,70)According to the letter,the Chan Zuckerberg Initiative ???????????(help) to promote"equality for all children in the next generation".
【答案】.will help
【解析】 句意:根據(jù)這封信件,“扎克伯格——陳計劃”將有助于促進“下一代的所有孩子的平等”。根據(jù)句意以及in the next generatio可知“幫助”為將來的動作,故用一般將來時。
20.(2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾一模,67)The humble man???????????(refuse) an interview invitation after becoming an Internet star and said that he just did what he felt he should.
【答案】.refused
【解析】句意:這個謙虛的人在成為網(wǎng)絡(luò)明星后拒絕了一個采訪邀請,他說自己只是做了他認為該做的事情。根據(jù)said可知該動作發(fā)生于過去,故用一般過去時
21.(2018遼寧沈陽東北育才學(xué)校三模,63)Tea from China,along with her silk and porcelain(瓷器),began to be known to the world more than a thousand years ago and since then it???????????(be) an important Chinese export.
【答案】.has been
【解析】句意:在一千多年前,中國的茶葉連同絲綢和瓷器開始為世界所知,從那時起,它已成為中國一種重要的出口商品。根據(jù)時間語since then可知用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài),結(jié)合it可知答案。
22..(2018新疆烏魯木齊二診,62)It???????????(become)separated from Britain and Ireland by 6500 BC.
【答案】.had become
【解析】句意:不遲于公元前6500年,它已經(jīng)從大不列顛島和愛蘭分離了出去。根據(jù)時間狀語by6500BC可知動作發(fā)生于“過去的過去”,故用過去完成時態(tài)。
考點二 被動語態(tài)