第三講 狀語(yǔ)從句和并列句
一、 改正下列句子中的唯一錯(cuò)誤：
1.The speaker was so nervous as he could hardly say a sentence.
【答案】(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）as改為that
【解析】句意：發(fā)言者緊張得幾乎連一句話也說(shuō)不出來(lái)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處為結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，而不是定語(yǔ)從句。so...that為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句。
2. The famous scientist grew up which he was born and in 1930 he came to Shanghai.
【答案】(地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）which→where
【解析】分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，"which he was born"是地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句，故把which改為where。
3. The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.
【答案】(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）where→when
【解析】句意：我小時(shí)候父母教我的游戲后來(lái)證明在我以后的生活非常有用。由語(yǔ)境可知，此處為時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，表示”當(dāng)……時(shí)”，故用when。
4.Two months ago my mother and I were walking home while we noticed a small dog lying still in the middle of the road.
【答案】(并列句）while→when
【解析】句意：兩個(gè)月前，我和媽媽正走在回家的路上，這時(shí)我們注意到一只小狗靜靜地躺在路中間。本句為be doing sth. when...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示"正在做某事，這時(shí)……”。
5.I was a sweet and loving girl during I was very young. Unfortunately, things changed.
【答案】(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）during→when
【解析 】此處表示”當(dāng)我很小的時(shí)候”，應(yīng)用連詞when“當(dāng)……時(shí)”，when后接句子；during為介詞，表示”在……期間”，其后不接句子。故將during改為when。
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二．在空白處填上1個(gè)正確答案
1. I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long ____________________I have grown so crazy everything to do with nature.
【答案】(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）that
【解析】句意：我很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不能在戶外，以至于我變得對(duì)與自然有關(guān)的一切事情都很癡迷。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句意可知，空格處填that,構(gòu)成so...that...結(jié)構(gòu)，該結(jié)構(gòu)表示”如此……以至于……”。
2."We find so many people from our province____________________we are sure we will not get bored,”
said Qi Ningxia, a 60-year-old man from Heilongjiang.
【答案】(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）that
【解析】此處表示"我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有如此多的人來(lái)自我們省，我們確定我們不會(huì)感到無(wú)聊"。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是so...that..引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"如此……以至于……”。
3. The shop sells such expensive goods____________________ I want to buy nothing in it.
【答案】.(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）that
【解析】句意：這家商店出售的貨物價(jià)格太昂貴，我不想在里面購(gòu)買任何東西。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是"such...that..."引導(dǎo)的結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“如此……以至于……”。
4.Though still existing today, the tea ceremony may not be as popular____________________ it used to be.
【答案】.(比較狀語(yǔ)從句）as
【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在茶道雖然仍然存在，但可能已不像過(guò)去那樣盛行了。由"as+形容詞+as"結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用連詞as引導(dǎo)比較狀語(yǔ)從句。
5.To her surprise, the man replied that he just wanted to help her, just____________________others helped him in the past.
【答案】.(方式狀語(yǔ)從句）as
【解析】句意：令她吃驚的是，那個(gè)男人回答說(shuō)他只是想幫助她，就像過(guò)去別人幫助他一樣。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處引導(dǎo)方式狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"正如",故填as。
6.____________________the average age of the population increases, there are more and more old people to care for.
【答案】.(時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）As
【解析】句意：隨著人口平均年齡的增長(zhǎng)，越來(lái)越多的老人需要照顧。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示"隨著",且空格處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)句子，故填As。
7.. We should study foreign languages_____Karl Marx did.
【答案】.(方式狀語(yǔ)從句）as
【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處考查as引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句，as意為"正如”，故填as。
8.The students should do the experiments__________________they were told.
【答案】.(方式狀語(yǔ)從句）as 【解析】句意：學(xué)生們應(yīng)按照被告知的那樣去做實(shí)驗(yàn)。as引導(dǎo)方式狀從句，意為”照……方式”。
9.He walked as far __________________the railway station yesterday evening.
【答案】.(固定結(jié)構(gòu)）as
【解析】句意：昨天傍晚，他一直散步到火車站。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處考查"as+adj./adv.+as"這一固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故此處填as。
讓步狀語(yǔ)從句由as引導(dǎo)時(shí)通常要倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為”形容詞/副詞/動(dòng)詞/分詞/名詞as+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)”，注意表語(yǔ)為單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，名詞前為零冠詞。though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句也可以倒裝。
10.Tired ____________________we were ,we felt excited.
【答案】.(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）as/though
【解析】句意：雖然我們很累，但是我們很興奮，回家的路上歡聲笑語(yǔ)。as/though在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即把表語(yǔ)提至句首。
11.Convenient__________________they are,these apps presents problems for both parents and teachers.
【答案】(讓步狀語(yǔ)從句）as/though
【解析】句意：盡管這些應(yīng)用程序很方便，但給家長(zhǎng)和老師也帶來(lái)了麻煩。as/though在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，從句用了倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，即把表語(yǔ)提至句首。
12. The dinoflagellate(溝鞭毛藻）is so tiny__________________ many of these organisms may be contained in a single drop of water.
【答案】(結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）that
【解析】此處so...that...引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句，表示"如此……以至于……”。
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三、短文改錯(cuò)
There are many teachers work in our school, so my favorite teacher is John Smith. Mr. Smith makes me feel important and successful at school. He is a good role model which inspires us to be better students. He does this by always being enthusiastic, friendly and devoting to teaching. He is easy to talk and always listens to the problems of his students patient. He even does after-school group lesson for those students who doesn't understand the knowledge in class. He is also caring for and motivated. He shows that he loves teaching by helping us and working with passion. All these qualities make her not just my favorite but all the students' favorite.
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【答案】
第一處：work→working或刪除work“therebe+賓語(yǔ)+現(xiàn)在分詞/介詞短語(yǔ)”為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，故將work改為working;或?qū)?/span>work刪除用介詞短語(yǔ)in our school作后置定語(yǔ)修飾teachers。
第二處：so→but/and根據(jù)句意“有很多老師在我們學(xué)校，但是（but)我最喜歡的老師是約翰·史密斯”，but表轉(zhuǎn)折；或者理解為“有很多老師在我們學(xué)校，(而且）我最喜歡的老師是約翰史密斯”，and表承接。
第三處：which→who/that此句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為role model,指人，因此應(yīng)用who或that引導(dǎo)。故將which改為who或that。
第四處：devoting→devoted be devoted to(doing)sth.為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“獻(xiàn)身于/專注于（做）某事”。此處，enthusiastic,friendly與devoted 并列。故將 devoting 改為 devoted。
第五處：在talk后加to在“sb./sth.be+adj.+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，如動(dòng)詞為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后的介詞不可省。talk to意為“與……交談”。
第六處：patient→patiently句意為：他很易于交談，而且總是耐心地傾聽(tīng)學(xué)生的問(wèn)題。listen to為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用副詞修飾。故將patient 改為 patiently。
第七處：lesson→lessons根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，史密斯老師課后為一些學(xué)生上小組課。lesson意為“課”，為可數(shù)名詞，且此處指“不止次上課”，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將lesson改為lessons。
第八處：doesn't→don't 此句為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為students,為復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將doesn't改為don't。
第九處：刪除for系動(dòng)詞is后接形容詞作表語(yǔ)；and連接并列成分，此caring與motivated同為形容詞，caring意為“體貼的”。故將caring后的for刪除。care for意為“關(guān)心；照顧”，為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。
第十處：her→him 此處指代約翰·史密斯，作make的賓語(yǔ)，因此應(yīng)用him。故將her改為him。
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