名詞和數(shù)詞
一、 改正下列句子中的唯一錯(cuò)誤：
1 . Today , a group of 30 American student volunteer came to visit our school .
【答案】volunteer改為volunteers
【解析】volunteer是可數(shù)名詞，且被數(shù)詞30修飾，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
2 . Chinese character are very beautiful and rich in culture . As for me , when reading a neatly written article, I will feel pleased and relaxed.
【答案】character改為characters
【解析】句意：漢字非常美，文化內(nèi)涵也很豐富。至于我，在閱讀一篇書寫工整的文章時(shí)，我會感到高興和放松。根據(jù)are可知，此處指多個(gè)漢字，故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
3.The woman chose one of the most expensive dress and handed it to a shop assistant.
【答案】dress改為dresses
【解析】句意：那位女士從最昂貴的連衣裙中挑選出一件并把它遞給一名店員。此處存在"one of+the+形容詞最高級+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”結(jié)構(gòu)，故dress應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
4. In the museum, we saw the latest progresses in science and technology.
【答案】progresses改為progress
【解析】句意：在博物館里，我們看到了科技方面的最新進(jìn)步。progress是不可數(shù)名詞，故沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
5 . I taught them English and after class , we played games happily . We had a lot of funs together.
【答案】funs改為fun
【解析】fun是不可數(shù)名詞，故沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。
6. The professor began the class with an amusing English story, which attracted our attentions at once.
【答案】attentions改為attention
【解析】句意：教授以一個(gè)有趣的英語故事開始了這節(jié)課，這立刻吸引了我們的注意力。attract one's attention"吸引某人的注意力"是固定短語，其中的attention為不可數(shù)名詞。
考慮小結(jié) 不可數(shù)名詞包括抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞，常考的不可數(shù)名詞有：advice,air, behavior, bread, butter, dust, equipment, fun, furniture, housework, honesty,information,knowledge,luggage,music,news,progress,weather等。不可數(shù)名詞的量可借助短語來表示：four pieces of bread,a piece of news,a sheet of paper。
7. Having passed the final exams, I am busy planning a two-weeks trip to the US during this winter holiday.
【答案】two-weeks改為two-week
【解析】在"數(shù)詞+-+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中，名詞常用單數(shù)形式。
8.I will be fully occupied in preparing for an importance lecture coming the day after tomorrow.
【答案】importance改為important
【解析】句意：我將忙著準(zhǔn)備后天的一個(gè)重要的演講。根據(jù)該句中的名詞lecture可知，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾lecture,表示”重要的演講”。該題容易被考生誤以為是”名詞修飾名詞”的情況。
9. One out of three passengers cars sold in Japan is a minicar.
【答案】passengers改為passenger
【解析】句意：在日本銷售的客車中三分之一是微型客車。此處考查名詞作定語，應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
考點(diǎn)小結(jié) 名詞作定語 名詞可以用作定語修飾后面的名詞，表示類別、處所、材料、時(shí)間、功能、用途等，名詞作定語時(shí)通常要用單數(shù)形式。如：a shoe shop(鞋店）,street lamps(路燈）,a bool case(書柜）等。注意特殊情況：①man和woman作定語時(shí)，它所用的數(shù)必須與后面的名詞保持一致。如：three men drivers(三個(gè)男司機(jī)）,five women nurses(五個(gè)女護(hù)士）等。②名詞本身就是復(fù)數(shù)形式時(shí)，仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式作定語。如：arms control(武器控制）a sports meeting(運(yùn)動會）,clothes shops(服裝店）,a goods train(貨車）等。
10.Firstly,these countries have highly diversified groups of residents from different cultural background.
【答案】background改為backgrounds
【解析】句意：首先，這些國家有來自不同文化背景的高度多元化的居民群體。background作"出身背景"講時(shí)為可數(shù)名詞，由句中的"different"知，此處指“不同的文化背景”，故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
11.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is an important part of Chinese culture. Many great success have been made in many areas through TCM cures .
【答案】success改為successes
【解析】 句意：中醫(yī)是中國文化的重要組成部分。中醫(yī)療法在許多領(lǐng)域已經(jīng)取得了巨大的成功。success在此處為抽象名詞具體化，表示成功的事物，可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)success前的Many和success后的have可知，此處應(yīng)用success的復(fù)數(shù)形式。
12. Holding an empty box in his hand, he askers-by for money. I had no changes on me.
【答案】changes改為change
【解析】change作"零錢"講時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，考生容易因?yàn)椴恢?/span>change的這個(gè)用法而找不出該題的錯(cuò)誤。change表示”改變，變化”時(shí)既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞。考生做此類題時(shí)應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)具體的語境判斷單詞的意思。
13. My son, life is like a battlefield. You have to lose many time to win the final victory.
【答案】time改為times
【解析】句意：孩子，生活就像戰(zhàn)場。你要失敗多次才能贏得最后的勝利。根據(jù)語境可知，此處表示許多次，time在此處作“次，回”講，為可數(shù)名詞，再由many可知，此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式?？忌菀渍`將time當(dāng)作”時(shí)間”，從而找不出錯(cuò)誤。考生應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)具體的語境判斷該詞的意思。
14. Mr. Li is my head teacher. He is now in his thirty and has been teaching for almost ten years.
【答案】thirty改為thirties
【解析】表示"在某人幾十多歲時(shí)"用"in one's+基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式"。
15. In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons. I still remember how hard first day was.
【答案】eighteen改為eighteenth;
【解析】 first前加the/my表示第十八個(gè)生日用序數(shù)詞；序數(shù)詞first前加定冠詞the或形容詞性物主代詞，表示（我的）第一天。
16. She often worked far into the night and lived on little more than bread and tea. Due to her hard work, she always came one in the examination.
【答案】one改為first
【解析】固定搭配come first表示”獲得第一名”。
17. Foreign investment creates significant economic benefits, including million of well-paid jobs, for Americans here at home.
【答案】million改為millions
【解析】表示數(shù)字的一些詞，如dozen, score, hundred, thousand, million, billion與具體數(shù)字以及several連用時(shí)，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是與of連用表示不確定的數(shù)量時(shí)，則用復(fù)數(shù)形式，如 hundreds of, thousands of, millions of, billions of等。
18.Though he was willing to wait with patient until his mom was back on June 15th, the store's staff decided to do something extremely thoughtful after they noticed Leon's note.
【答案】patient改為patience
【解析】句意：盡管他愿意耐心等待，直到6月15日他的母親回來，但當(dāng)這家店的員工看到利昂的便條后，他們決定做一些非常體貼的事情。with patience意為”耐心地”，是固定短語。
19. Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for centuries, so the people of Pompeii felt that they were in safe.
【答案】safe改為safety或?qū)?/span>in刪去
【解析】句意：維蘇威火山幾個(gè)世紀(jì)以來都沒有爆發(fā)過，所以龐貝的人們感到他們是安全的。in safety意為”安全”，是固定短語。
20. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly run up against many difficult.
【答案】difficult改為difficulties
【解析】句意：在用英語寫日記時(shí)，我們肯定會遇到很多困難。difficult為形容詞，而many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，因此應(yīng)將difficult改為difficulties。
21.Those documents are now in the possess of The Guardian.
【答案】possess改為possession
【解析】句意：那些文件目前為《衛(wèi)報(bào)》所擁有。根據(jù)possess前的定冠詞the可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞形式；in the possession of為固定搭配，表示"為……所擁有”。
22.By4 o'clock I was pleased to see all my friends had come with a lot of beautiful present.
【答案】.present→presents
【解析】present用作名詞，意為“禮物”，并且是可數(shù)名詞此處present被alotof修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。
23.However,the few who say no is afraid that their parents would love them less if they had a sibling.
【答案】is→are
【解析】who引導(dǎo)定語從句修飾the few。主句的謂語動詞應(yīng)與th few保持一致，故用復(fù)數(shù)。
24.He lost his way in a small village. Otherwise, he would have visited more places of interests yesterday.
【答案】interests→interest
【解析】句意為：他在一個(gè)小村莊迷了路。要不然，他時(shí)天可能會游覽更多的名勝。a place of interest為固定短語，意為勝”，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，place變復(fù)數(shù)，interest不變復(fù)數(shù)。
25.In all his life, Dickens wrote a large number of excellent novels,of which some is still popular nowadays.
【答案】is→are
【解析】句意為：在狄更斯的一生中，他寫了大量的優(yōu)秀小說，其中一些至今仍然很受歡迎。定語從句中的主語some表示的是som novels,故謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
26.I will never sell my furnitures to anyone at any time, whatever he may pay for it.
【答案】furnitures→furniture
?【解析】句意為：在任何時(shí)候我都不會把我的家具賣給任何人，不管他開價(jià)多少。furniture是不可數(shù)名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式
27.I'm going to spend the summer vacation in Shanghai, where live my grandmother.
【答案】live→lives
【解析】句意為：我將去上海過暑假，我奶奶住在那里。在w引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句中的主語grandmother是單數(shù)，且時(shí)態(tài)是般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故將live改為lives
28.He got into the old truck and off he rushed to one of the far corner of the farm to fix the fences.
【答案】corner→corners
【解析】句意為：他上了那輛舊卡車，一下車他沖到了農(nóng)場一個(gè)很遠(yuǎn)的角落里去修圍欄。one of后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，意為“之一”。故將corner改為corners。
29.I have a habit of taking a coffee, which make me feel energetic when I have to stay up late.
【答案】make→makes
【解析】句意為：我有喝咖啡的習(xí)慣，這讓我在不得不熬夜的時(shí)候精力充沛。which引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾前面的taking a cof which在定語從句中作主語，故謂語動詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)，將make改為makes。
30.. It was with great joys that Tom received the news that his lost son had been found.
【答案】joys→joy
【解析】句意為：湯姆收到了失蹤的兒子被找到的消息，這真是極大的喜悅。joy是不可數(shù)名詞，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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二、短文改錯(cuò)（一）
When it comes to the TV,there will be different word in different persons' minds. Some people think that watch TV is a good way to relax. Firstly, we can broaden our horizons or know more about the world by watching latest news and reports.Secondly, watching TV is a good way to kill their spare time. Finally,we can predict that may happen in the future and be prepared.
Therefore, every coin has two sides. There are also disadvantages of watching TV. Not only do it do harm to our eyesight, but it also has a bad affect on our studies and everyday life. Definitely, TV plays a big role in our life. We should treat to it in a right way.
【答案】
第一處：word→words名詞前有different修飾，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將word改為words。
第二處：watch→watching句中已有謂語動詞is,句中缺少主語，且不表目的，因此用動名詞作主語，故將watch改為watching
第三處：or→and 根據(jù)句意“首先，我們能夠通過看最新的新聞和報(bào)道開闊視野，并且能夠更多地了解世界”可知，broaden和know是并列關(guān)系，且是肯定句，應(yīng)用and連接。
第四處：在latest前加the the latest news為常用表達(dá)，意為“最新的新聞”，故前面加the。
第五處：their→our 本文敘述以第一人稱為主，此處指代“我們的”，故將their改為our。
第六處：that→what predict后為賓語從句，從句中缺主語，且指物，故將that改為what。
第七處：Therefore→However根據(jù)語境可知，上下文是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系而非因果關(guān)系。
第八處：do→does當(dāng)not only置于句首時(shí)，其后的句子要進(jìn)行部分倒裝，即將助動詞提至主語之前，由于句子的主語是it,故助動詞用does。
第九處：affect→effect have an effect on...是固定短語，意為“對……有影響”。
第十處：刪除to treat是及物動詞，接賓語時(shí)，其后不需加介詞。
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短文改錯(cuò)（二）
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Dear Jack,
I am pleasing to hear from you and know that you had a greatly time working part-time in a fast-food restaurant. Now I would like to share your working experiences with you during the past summer.
In the beginning of the summer vacation, I was hired as shopping guide in a big supermarket.
I stood for ten hours a day and smiled to everyone I have met. Sometimes I was laughed at, and most of the time,I was praised for my wonderful works by many people. Half a month passed quickly after I knew it , and I learned how to deal with different people.
Above all, I have learned that smile is the key to solve any problem.
Best wishes.
Yours Sincerely,
Li Ming
【答案】
第一處：pleasing→pieased be pleased to do sth.為固定搭配，意為“做某事很開心”。故將pleasing改成pleased。
第二處：greatly→great 此處修飾名詞time,應(yīng)用形容詞，greatly為副詞，故將greatly改成great。
第三處：your→my本句的主語是I,此處應(yīng)指“我的工作經(jīng)歷”，故將your改成my。
第四處：In→At at the beginning of sth.為固定搭配，意為“在某事的開始階段”。故將In改成At。
第五處：在shopping前加a guide為可數(shù)名詞，此處泛指一名導(dǎo)購，應(yīng)用不定冠詞，且shopping以輔音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞a。故在shopping前加a。
第六處：刪除have分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，smiled to everyone后為省略了關(guān)系詞的定語從句，主句謂語使用一般過去時(shí)，根據(jù)語境可知，從句中謂語表示的動作與主語謂語表示的動作幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，故從句謂語應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。故刪除have。
第七處：and→but 根據(jù)上下文語境可知，Sometimes I was laughed at和“I was praised for...by many people"之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故將and 改成but。
第八處：works→work work意為“工作”時(shí)為不可數(shù)名詞，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將works改成work。
第九處：after→before根據(jù)上下文語境可知，此處指在“我”知道之前已經(jīng)過去了半個(gè)月。故將after改成before。
第十處：solve→solving此處to為介詞，后面應(yīng)該接名詞，故應(yīng)用solve的動名詞形式，故將solve改成solving。
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