第二講 名詞性從句

一、 改正下列句子中的唯一錯誤：

1. That I want to say first is that the teachers here are very friendly.

【答案】.(主語從句）That改為What

【解析】分析句子可知，That I want to say first為主語從句，從句中say后缺少賓語，指所說的內(nèi)容，要用連接代詞what;連接詞that在主語從句中無含義，不作任何成分。

1. If we are in the habit of asking whether that we are told is true, we can find the corret answer and learn more.

   【答案】.(主語從句）that改為what

   【解析】分析句子可知，asking后由whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句中的主語為主語從句that we are told,該從句中told后缺少賓語，故將that改為what。

2. At breakfast I told my parents that I had seen last night.

   【答案】.(賓語從句）that改為what

   【解析】分析句子可知，that I had seen last night為賓語從句，從中，see后缺少賓語，但that在主語從句中不作成分只起連接作用，故將that改為what

3. If you come here, I will do how I can to help you.

   【答案】.(賓語從句）how改為what

   【解析】分析句子可知，howIcantohelpyou為賓語從句，can后省略了do,從句中do后缺少賓語，故將how改為what。

4. Though I don't know exactly how I can do for the animals yet, I can at least follow my brother.

   【答案】.(賓語從句）how改為what

   【解析】分析句子可知，howIcandofortheanimalsyet為賓語從句，從句中應(yīng)用what作do的賓語。

5. I came to realize that if we put all our efforts into that we loved, we could create greal things no matter what obstacles were in front of us.

   【答案】.(賓語從句）第二個that改為what

   【解析】句意：我逐漸意識到如果我們盡全力去做我們愛的事情，我們不論面對多大困難都能夠創(chuàng)造出偉大的事情。分析句子可知，介詞into后的that we loved為賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，故把that改為what。

6. How do you think I should do?

   【答案】.(疑問詞）How改為What

   【解析】在此句中特殊疑問詞充當(dāng)?shù)诙€do的賓語，故用what。

7. Tom loves reading while David doesn't. Why? It has something to do with what they were brought up.

   【答案】(賓語從句）what改為how

   【解析】分析句子可知，whattheywerebroughtup是賓語從句作介詞with的賓語，結(jié)合語境可知這里應(yīng)用連接副詞how,表示”如何”，故把what改為how。

   9. One of the biggest cultural differences I noticed in London was why the people of London conducted themselves.

   【答案】.(表語從句）why改為how

   【解析】句意：在倫敦，我注意到的最大的文化差異之一是倫敦人是如何為人處事的。根據(jù)句意可知，此處用how引導(dǎo)表語從句，表示方式，故把why改為how。

   1.That student will be sent to take part in the sports meeting hasn't been decided.

   【答案】(主語從句）That改為Which

   【解析】句意：哪個學(xué)生將被送去參加運動會還沒有決定。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，That student will...meeting是主語從句，若that引導(dǎo)主語從句則其無實際意義，根據(jù)句意可知，此處應(yīng)用Which引導(dǎo)主語從句，表示”哪一個”。

   2.The reason is why phones nowadays can be used by people to play mobile games and keep in touch with friends through QQ and WeChat.

   【答案】(表語從句）why改為that

   【解析】句意：原因是當(dāng)今電話被人們用來打游戲，通過QQ和微信與朋友保持聯(lián)系。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并根據(jù)語境可知，此處應(yīng)用that引導(dǎo)表語從句，故把why改為that。

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   二、在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：

1. After being designated as the first special economic zone in China, ______________was once a fishing village has rapidly become an emerging modern city.

   【答案】(主語從句）what

   【解析】分析句子可知，逗號前的After being designated.. .in China為時間狀語，而逗號后的句子中有謂語動詞 has rapidly become,故______was once a fishing ?village是主語從句，從句缺少主語，應(yīng)用what。

   2 . A typical Chinese wedding goes like this : when a new couple is engaged , _________________ follows is a choice of the date of their marriage.

   【答案】(主語從句）what

   【解析】句意：典型的中國婚禮是這樣進行的——當(dāng)一對新人訂婚后，緊跟著的是挑選他們結(jié)婚的日子。分析句子可知，_____follows是主語從句，從句缺少主語，表示”……的事物”應(yīng)用what。

   3.It turns out that looking attractive in photos isn't easy due to ___________________ the researchers are calling the "frozen face effect".

   【答案】(賓語從句）what

   【解析】介詞to后面的賓語從句中，calling后缺少賓語，指物，故用what。

   4.One team, led by Ronald Ehrenberg of Cornell University, finds that the potential benefits of class-size reduction " may be greater than ___________________ we observed " .

   【答案】(賓語從句）what

   【解析】句意：一個由康奈爾大學(xué)Ronald Ehrenberg領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)班級規(guī)模減小的潛在益處可能比我們觀察到的大得多。分析句子可知，______we observed是介詞than后的賓語從句，從句缺少賓語，結(jié)合語境可知，應(yīng)用what。

   5.I recently saw a picture of me before my operation, and I know ____________________a great job she did.

   【答案】.(賓語從句）what

   【解析】句意：最近我看到我手術(shù)前的一張照片，我知道她做了多么偉大的一項工作。分析句子可知，____a great job she did是賓語從句，此處應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)感嘆句。

   6. The little girl is no longer ______________________she used to be.

   【答案】(表語從句）what

   【解析】分析句子可知，____she used to be為表語從句，該從句缺少表語，表示”……的樣子”，故用what。

   7. They have no idea at all _____________________he is working on.

   【答案】(同位語從句）what

   【解析】分析句子可知，_____he is working on作idea的同位語，為同位語從句，該從句中缺少賓語，故用what。

   8.His eyes lit up and I could see ________________________excited he was .

   【答案】(賓語從句）how

   【解析】句意：他眼睛放光，我能看出他是多么興奮。分析句子可知，______excited he was是賓語從句，修飾形容詞excited應(yīng)用how引導(dǎo)感嘆句。

   9. Modern science has proved that the statues' builders were Polynesians, but not proved_______________________ they moved their creations .

   【答案】(賓語從句）how

   【解析】句意：現(xiàn)代科學(xué)已經(jīng)證實這些雕像的建造者是波利尼西亞人，但是沒有證實他們是怎么移動他們的作品的。分析句子可知，____they moved their creations是賓語從句，結(jié)合語境可知這里應(yīng)用連接副詞how表示方式。

   10.We didn't came here with John yesterday , so ____________________he came here isn’t known to us .

   【答案】(主語從句）how

   【解析】句意：昨天我們沒有和John一起來，因此我們不知道他怎么來的。分析句子可知，____he came here是主語從句，結(jié)合語境可知，此處表示"如何",故用how。

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1. 短文改錯

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   I grew up in a small town there the elementary school was a ten-minute walk from my house and in an age when children could go home for lunch and found their mothers waiting .I took for granted that mothers were the sandwich-makers or the homework monitors. I never questioned if this intelligent woman, who had had a job before I was born, would eventually return again to work. I only knew that when the noon bell rings, I would race breathless home. My mother would be standing at the top of the stair, smiling at me in a look that suggested I was the only important thing she had on her mind. For this, I am forever grateful.

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   【答案】

   第一處：there→where分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處應(yīng)用表示地點的關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語從句；引導(dǎo)詞在句中作地點狀語。故將there改為where。

   第二處：found→find and連接并列成分，find和前面的go并列，承前省略了could,故將found改為find。

   第三處：在took后加it take it for granted that...為固定句型，意為“認為……理所當(dāng)然”，it作形式賓語。故在took后加it。

   第四處：or→and 根據(jù)句意“我把媽媽既做三明治又檢查作業(yè)看得理所當(dāng)然。”可知，sandwich-makers和homework monitors是并列關(guān)系，不是選擇關(guān)系，故將or改為and。

   第五處：if→that questioned后面的賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)和意義完整，而不應(yīng)該用表示疑問的“是否”（if),故將if改為that。

   第六處：刪除again return to work是第一次提到的動作，所以不能用表示動作重復(fù)的again,故刪掉again。

   第七處：rings→rang,整篇文章描述作者小時候的事情，所以時態(tài)應(yīng)是一般過去時，故將rings改為rang。

   第八處：breathless→breathlessly應(yīng)用副詞修飾動詞race,故將breathless 改為 breathlessly。

   第九處：stair→stairs stair意為“梯級”，為可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“樓梯”，at the top of the stairs意為“在樓梯頂端”。故將stair改為stain。

   第十處：in→with“帶有某種表情”應(yīng)用with,故將in改為with。

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