第一講 定語(yǔ)從句
一、 改正下列句子中的唯一錯(cuò)誤：
1.. We have learned much from the voluntary activity, who offers us an opportunity to contribute to society.
【答案】(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）who改為which
【解析】句意：從志愿者活動(dòng)中我們學(xué)到了很多，這也給我們提供了一個(gè)給社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)的機(jī)會(huì)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，逗號(hào)后面是一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the voluntary activity,表示活動(dòng)，故用which。
2. I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, that has been appreciated by both teachers and classmates.
【答案】(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）that改為which
【解析】句意：在我的許多課堂活動(dòng)中，我多次給予她幫助，這已經(jīng)得到了老師和同學(xué)們的認(rèn)可。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，that has...classmates是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，應(yīng)用which引導(dǎo)。
3. On the other hand, I can see the singers' stories, who are so inspiring.
【答案】(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）who改為which
【解析】句意：另一方面，我能看到歌手們的故事，這些故事很鼓舞人心。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行stories 指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which。
4. My father, a scientist, works to save rare birds, some of that are really clever and can even say some words.
【答案】(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）that改為which
【解析】句意：我的父親是一位科學(xué)家，他從事拯救稀有鳥(niǎo)類的工作，有些鳥(niǎo)真的很聰明，甚至可以說(shuō)一些單詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，some of that are really...words是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，指代先行詞birds的關(guān)系詞在從句中作 of 的賓語(yǔ)，故用 which。
5. It's my sincere hope that you can spare some time for a visit to Tianjin again, where has changed a lot since 2015.
【答案】(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）where改為which
【解析】句意：我真誠(chéng)地希望你可以抽出時(shí)間再次參觀天津，它自2015年來(lái)發(fā)生了非常大的變化。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，where has change a lot since 2015是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞是Tianjin,指物，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which。
6. According to my own experience, I want to say a few words to those who have the same trouble like I did.
【答案】(限制性定語(yǔ)從句）like改為as
【解析】句意：根據(jù)我自己的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，我想對(duì)那些和我有同樣麻煩的人說(shuō)幾句話。"the same...as..."意思是“同……是一樣……”，此處as是關(guān)系代詞，與the same搭配，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。
7. It is known to us, drunk driving is terrible behavior which possibly threatens the safety of people, including the drivers themselves.
【答案】(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）It改為As
【解析】句意：眾所周知，酒后駕駛是一種可怕的行為，它可能會(huì)威脅到人們的安全，包括司機(jī)自己。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，前后兩個(gè)句子間無(wú)連接詞，It is known to us應(yīng)是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，表示眾所周知，應(yīng)用as is known to us/as we all know
8. What's more, I've made many friends, that share the same interest with me.
【答案】(非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）that改為who
【解析】分析句子可知，that share the same interest with me是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who。
9.Those which have computers in my class are spending too much time on computer games.
【答案】( (限制性定語(yǔ)從句）which改為who
【解析】分析句子可知，which have computers in my class為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞those指人而非事物，關(guān)系詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，故把which改為who。
10. And for any of you are seriously considering becoming volunteers, there are application forms on the table in front of the stage.
【答案】( (限制性定語(yǔ)從句）you后加who
【解析】分析句子可知，are seriously considering becoming volunteers是缺少主語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞you指人，故在you后加who。
11. Unfortunately, they had a troublesome neighbor, that was rather noisy at night, making it hard for them to fall asleep.
【答案】( (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）that改為who
【解析】分析句子可知，that was rather noisy at night是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞neighbor指人，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故把that改為who
12. I'm so grateful to all these people, with whom help I have been accustomed to the local culture and gained a lot of knowledge.
【答案】( (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）whom改為whose
【解析】先行詞people與定語(yǔ)從句中的名詞help之間是所屬關(guān)系，故把whom改為whose。
13 . There are many problems when I am abroad alone , especially when I am in the Czech Republic, its official language is not English.
【答案】( (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）its改為whose
【解析】句中Czech Republic后面是逗號(hào)，不是并列句，故Czech Republic應(yīng)是先行詞，第二個(gè)逗號(hào)后應(yīng)為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，故把its改為whose,作定語(yǔ)修飾language。
14. The museum, which main task is to spread the knowledge of science and technology, covers an area of 48,000 square meters.
【答案】( (非限制性定語(yǔ)從句）which改為whose
【解析】句意：那個(gè)以傳播科技知識(shí)為主要任務(wù)的博物館占地48000平方米。分析句子可知，which main task is to spread the knowledge of science and technology是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞The museum與main task是所屬關(guān)系，故把which改為whose。
二、
在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~：
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Written Chinese has also become an important means by ___________________ China's pres connected with its past.
【答案】which
【解析】句意：書(shū)面漢語(yǔ)也成為將中國(guó)的現(xiàn)在與過(guò)去聯(lián)系起來(lái)的重要手段。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞means,關(guān)系詞在從句中作介詞by的賓語(yǔ)，此處是“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。
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They're related to China's high-tech innavation,___________________ has improved the quality of people's lives, according to a survey made by the Belt and Road Research Instit Beijing Foreign Studies University.
【答案】.which
【解析】句意：根據(jù)北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)”一帶一路“研究院的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查，它們與中國(guó)的高科技創(chuàng)新有關(guān)，高科技創(chuàng)新提高了人們的生活質(zhì)量。根據(jù)句意并分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞high-tech innovation,關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞which。
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To Chinese people, seals are the art of deep cultural roots, ___________________ combine the essence of both calligraphy(書(shū)法）and sculpture and inspire generations to study,to appreciate and to collect.
【答案】which
【解析】句意：對(duì)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)，印章是一種有著深厚文化底蘊(yùn)的藝術(shù)，它融合了書(shū)法和雕塑的精髓，激勵(lì)著一代又一代的人去學(xué)習(xí)、去欣賞、去收藏?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，先行詞seals指物，故填which。
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In fact, IELTS is the only English language test ___________________ is accepted by countries that require immigrants.
【答案】that
【解析】句意：事實(shí)上，雅思是需要移民的國(guó)家唯一接受的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言測(cè)試?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞 English language test 被 the only 修飾，關(guān)系代詞用 that
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They head for the center of the storm,___________________ there is no wind ,and also search for the strongest winds , to help people on the coast be prepared for what's coming .
【答案】where
【解析】句意：他們前往沒(méi)有風(fēng)的風(fēng)暴中心，也尋找最強(qiáng)的風(fēng)，幫助沿海地區(qū)的人們?yōu)榧磳⒌絹?lái)的風(fēng)暴做好準(zhǔn)備。空處所在句修飾center,為定語(yǔ)從句，關(guān)系詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，填關(guān)系副詞where。
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The city has special facilities for cyclists, ___________________ can be used for free.
【答案】.which
【解析】句意：這個(gè)城市有專門(mén)為騎自行車的人提供的設(shè)施，可以免費(fèi)使用。空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為special facilities,指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，所以用which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。注意先行詞并非cyclists。
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.Oxford University Museum of Natural History is a nesting site for about 60 pairs of swifts,___________________ ?have been the subject of a study since 1948 , making it one of the longest continuous studies of a single bird species in the world.
【答案】.which
【解析】句意：牛津大學(xué)自然歷史博物館是約60對(duì)雨燕的筑巢地，自1948年以來(lái)，雨燕一直是一項(xiàng)研究的主題，使這項(xiàng)研究成為世界上對(duì)單一鳥(niǎo)類進(jìn)行的持續(xù)時(shí)間最長(zhǎng)的研究之一?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為swifts,指物，且關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞which。
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At the center of the square, the summertime fountain has turned to the ice,___________________ young children were playing.
【答案】.where
【解析】句意：廣場(chǎng)中央，夏日噴泉變成了溜冰場(chǎng)，小孩子們?cè)谀抢锿嫠?。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the ice(溜冰場(chǎng)）,指地點(diǎn)，從句中缺狀語(yǔ)，用where。
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There was a smell of printing ink and leather in the room___________________ told me that it was full of books.
【答案】.which/that
【解析】句意：房間里面有一股油墨和皮革的味道，這說(shuō)明這里滿是書(shū)?？仗幰龑?dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，修飾 smell,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用which/that。
10.So far, the school has invited an expert in Chinese characters to the campus,___________________ major responsibility is to teach students how to use the ancient printing technology .
【答案】.whose
【解析】句意：到目前為止，學(xué)校已經(jīng)邀請(qǐng)了一位漢字方面的專家來(lái)學(xué)校，他的主要職責(zé)是教學(xué)生如何使用古代的印刷技術(shù)?？仗幰龑?dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞an句中作定語(yǔ)，故用whose。其到鄉(xiāng)村環(huán)境，他們的癥狀會(huì)改善。
11.Despite this,the term was not known to the academic world until the 20th century___________________ explorer Sven Hedin wrote a book titled " The Silk Road" in 1938.
【答案】when
【解析】句意：盡管如此，這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)直到20世紀(jì)才為學(xué)術(shù)界所知，當(dāng)時(shí)探險(xiǎn)家斯文·赫定在1938年寫(xiě)了一本名為《絲綢之路》的書(shū)。定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞the 20th century,先行詞表示時(shí)間，關(guān)系詞在從句中起狀語(yǔ)的作用，故用關(guān)系副詞when。
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三 短文改錯(cuò)
Dear Sir ,
I'm a middle school student. I am willing be a volunteer to help others. Although I am busy, I still wanted to visit Old People's Home as a volunteer . Apart from do some cleaning for the old people , giving some performances with my friends are another thing I can do . I believe I'll be the person who can get on good with the old there.
Besides ,I am ready to give a hand to sick children in hospital.
I love children but I'll devote myself to taking good care of him. In a word , I would like to help those people whom need help .
Please get on touch with me by phone or by the mail.
Warm-hearted,
Jim
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【答案】
第一處：在willing后加to be willing to...為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“樂(lè)意……”
第二處：wanted→want整篇文章時(shí)態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且本句描述的動(dòng)作還未發(fā)生，因此用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
第三處：do→doing 介詞from后要跟動(dòng)名詞形式，故將do改為doing。第四處：are→is本句主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)giving some performances,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式，故將are改為is。
第五處：good→well 此處用于修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ) get on with,因此應(yīng)用副詞形式；get on well with意為“與……相處得好”。
第六處：but→and/so根據(jù)句意可知，“我喜歡孩子”與“我會(huì)好好照顧他們”之間為并列關(guān)系，因此應(yīng)用并列連詞and連接，也可用表因果關(guān)系的so
第七處：him→them of后的代詞指代上文的children,應(yīng)該用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故將him改為them。
第八處：whom→who/that who/that need help為定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為people,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故用who或that引導(dǎo)該從句。
第九處：on→in get in touch with...為固定搭配，意為“與……取得聯(lián)系”。故將on改為in。
第十處：刪除the by接表方式的名詞時(shí)，表示“通過(guò)；借助”，這時(shí)名詞前用零冠詞。
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