第六講 代詞
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一、 改正下列句子中的唯一錯誤：
1.31% of the students think it ridiculous. You argue that it does no good to helping people communicate, nor is it useful for learning English.
【答案】You改為They
【解析】根據(jù)上句中的"31% of the students"可知，該句陳述的是這些學(xué)生的觀點，故該句主語用“They”，指代上句中的"31%of the students"。
2. Therefore, my fingers suddenly lost control of the chopsticks while he was picking up a piece of chicken.
【答案】he改為I
【解析】根據(jù)該句中的”my”并結(jié)合前文內(nèi)容可知，該處陳述的是”我”的行為和動作，故用I
3. At around 8:30, on the morning of February 8th, I found a lost suitcase near the exit of Heathrow Airport. I had no choice but to hand them in to the information center.
【答案】them改為it
【解析】此處表示我別無選擇，只能把它交給信息中心。此處用it指代前面提到的a lost suitcase,故把them改成it
4 . This brief visit helped myself learn much about the history of human's space exploration .
【答案】myself改為me
【解析】動詞helped的主語是visit,與其賓語所指不同，不能用反身代詞
5. As is known to us that knowledge starts with practice.
【答案】As改為It
【解析】題干的結(jié)構(gòu)是”...is+過去分詞+that...”，根據(jù)固定句型"It+be+過去分詞+that..."可判斷此處that引導(dǎo)的從句是真正的主語，應(yīng)用It作形式主語。
6.According to a study, organically grown foods contain 21.1 percent more iron and 27percent more vitamin C than regular one on average.
【答案】one改為ones
【解析】句意：根據(jù)一項研究，用有機(jī)方式種植的食物平均比普通的食物鐵含量多了21.1%,維生素C含量多了27%。此處one代指前面的foods,所以要用復(fù)數(shù)形式ones。替代詞常用來指代前面已出現(xiàn)過的名詞以避免重復(fù)，此類詞常見的有表泛指的one,ones;表特指的that,those,the ones;人稱代詞it。做此類試題，首先應(yīng)判斷是泛指還是特指，如果指代的是”a(n)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”，即泛指，如果指代的是"the/物主代詞/指示代詞+名詞",即特指；然后判斷用單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。
7.I will appreciate if you let me know what you have done to solve the problem.
【答案】在if前加it
【解析】appreciate后接賓語從句時習(xí)慣上要加it作形式賓語。分析該句結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處缺形式賓語"it"。該句使用了"sb.will appreciate it if..."句型，表示"如果……某人將不勝感激”
8. He hopes to create an environment for his students that it is much more relaxing than the one he used to study in .
【答案】去掉it
【解析】句意：他希望為他的學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一個比他以前學(xué)習(xí)的環(huán)境更輕松的環(huán)境。該句包含一個定語從句，從句先行詞為environment,that指代environment在從句中作主語，it多余。
9. As an annual activity, it is popular with students, the purpose of the English speech competition is to help us improve our ability of communicating in English.
【答案】it改為which
【解析】本句包含一個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是an annual activity,指物，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句且在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用which。
10. Anyone who will take part in the competition can choose any novel you consider it the best.
【答案】去掉it
【解析】句意：任何參加競賽的人都可以選擇自己認(rèn)為最好的小說。you consider the best是省略了關(guān)系詞that的定語從句，關(guān)系詞指代先行詞novel在定語從句中作consider的賓語，it是多余的。
11. In life we all have moments when we can't achieve what we want it.
【答案】去掉it
【解析】本句中what引導(dǎo)賓語從句并作want的賓語，it多余應(yīng)該去掉。
12. You can depend on that he will come to your help when needed.
【答案】在that前加it
【解析】當(dāng)hate, like, take, owe, love, dislike, depend on, rely on, appreciate, enjoy, answer for, see to, feel like, be fond of, count on 等動詞或短語后接賓語從句時，需要在從句前加it作形式賓語，這種用法屬于習(xí)慣用法。
13.Finally,we put the figurines(面人）we made them on the table and took pictures with the old craftsman.
【答案】.刪除them
【解析】句意為：最后我們把自己做的面人放在桌上，并且與老工匠師傅合影。we made前省略了引導(dǎo)定語從句的which或that,它們在從句中充當(dāng)made的賓語，故them是多余的
14.What's worse,I have caught a bad cold lately and I am really not me.
【答案】.me→myself
【解析】句意為：更為糟糕的是，我最近得重感冒了，狀態(tài)很不好（很不舒服）。be not oneself是習(xí)慣表達(dá)，表示“不在狀態(tài)”
15.It is possible that some of we may have a brother or sister.
【答案】we→us
【解析】充當(dāng)介詞賓語應(yīng)用人稱代詞賓格。此句中of的賓語應(yīng)為us。
16.Yesterday,one of my favorite stamps was lost, which made me really upset. I looked for it everywhere and asked everybody in the room, but still I couldn't find them.
【答案】.them→it
【解析】根據(jù)上文可知find后面的代詞指代“我”最喜歡的郵票之一，故用it指代
17.I like in the winter when snow covers the whole world.
【答案】.在like后加it
【解析】句意為：我喜歡冬天白雪皓皓的世界。it在句中作形式賓語，指代when引導(dǎo)的從句。
18.As a student, you'd better learn how to write down notes in class before you forget it.
【答案】.it→them
【解析】句意為：作為學(xué)生，你最好學(xué)會如何在遺忘前做課堂筆記。forget后的代詞指代上文提到的notes,是復(fù)數(shù)，故將it改為them
19.If a woman does not extend her hand to the man first, the man shouldn't offer theirs.
【答案】.theirs→his
【解析】句意為：如果女士不首先伸出手，男士不應(yīng)該主動伸出手。本句的主語是the man,故應(yīng)改為第三人稱單數(shù)的名詞性物主代詞his
20.Just then, a lady dropped a 20-dollar bill on the ground, but he didn't realize it and started to walk away.
【答案】.he→she
【解析】句意為：就在那時，一位女士把一張20美元的鈔票掉在了地上，但是她沒注意，然后走開了。but后的分句的主語代指a lady,應(yīng)用代詞she。
21.There is no significant difference between a girl and a boy in terms of the structure and function of his brains.
【答案】.his→their
?【解析】句意為：就大腦的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能而言，男孩和女孩沒有明顯的區(qū)別。根據(jù)句意可知，此處指上文提到的男孩和女孩的大腦。故用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
22.With no better way to express feelings of love and appreciation,that is easy to see why everyone turns to the flower shop on Mother's Day.
【答案】.that→it
【解析】句意為：由于沒有更好的表達(dá)愛和感激的方式，那就很容易明白為什么人人都在母親節(jié)那天去花店買花。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，動詞不定式tosee...是句子的真正主語，故用it作形式主語。
短文改錯（一）
Last week,there was a program calling "Learning to Respect Our Parents" in our school. That is known to us that respect for one's parents is one of Chinese traditional moral value. And most students nowadays are "the only child". We often think of themselves as the center of their family.
As for the program, eight "dos" have worked out for the students to follow. For an example, we are advised to remember our parents' birthdays. Beside this, it is necessary that we should also tell our parents what we are going to do when we go out. The program has been such successful that it has been high praised by many people.
【答案】
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第一處：calling→called call和program之間為邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過去分詞作后置定語，修飾前面的program。故將calling改為called。
第二處：That→It It is known to us that...為常用句型，意為“眾所周知……”，其中it為形式主語，that從句是真正的主語。而that不能用作形式主語。
第三處：value→values value意為“價值觀”，為可數(shù)名詞；根據(jù)其前的one of可知，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故將value改為value
第四處：And→But根據(jù)句意“眾所周知，尊重父母是中國的傳統(tǒng)道德價值觀之一。”以及“但是現(xiàn)在大多數(shù)學(xué)生是獨生子。”可知，兩句之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將And改為But
第五處：We→They 句意為：他們常常認(rèn)為他們自己是家庭的中心。句主語是most students,且根據(jù)后面的their可知，此處應(yīng)用人稱代詞They。
第六處：在worked前加been句意為：就這個項目來說，八個應(yīng)該做的事項被擬定出來，要求學(xué)生們?nèi)プ袷亍?/span>eight“dos”與work out之間為動賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，故在worked J加been
第七處：刪除an for example意為“例如”，是固定短語，用來舉例說明。該短語當(dāng)中不加an。故刪除
第八處：Beside→Besides ?beside意為“在……的旁邊”，besides意為“除……”。Besides this在句中作狀語
第九處：such→so句意為：這個項目如此成功，以至于它受到許多人的高度贊揚。限定詞后為形容詞successful,故應(yīng)用so修飾。意為“如此……以至于……”。故將such改為so,
第十處：high→highly句意見上一題解析。兩者均可表示‘高”，但high通常表示具體的高，且主要修飾動詞；highly主要表示很高的程度（意為“高度地；非常”）,除修飾動詞（如 speak ise,think of等）外，還通常用于修飾分詞或形容詞。故將high改為highly。
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短文改錯（二）
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Dear Mr.Wang,
Known that our library is going to buy books, I'd like to give some suggestions.
That we need most are popular science books. Usually popular science books explain basic principles of the nature in a simple and interesting way. They helped us understand science subjects better and arouse our curious about scientific discoveries.In addition to read for knowledge, we read for fun and inspiration. That is because I recommend another category of books: literary books. Classic works, written by masters,present great thought through fascinating stories and language. It not only offer us joy and excitement, but also encourage us think critically.
Yours sincerely,
Anna
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【答案】
第一處：Known→Knowing 此處為非謂語動詞短語作狀語，know與其邏輯主語I之間為主動關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。
第二處：That→What 此處為主語從句，連接詞在主語從句中作賓語且沒有范圍限制，故用What;that在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，且無任何意義。
第三處：刪除nature前的the此處nature意為“自然界”，為抽象的一般概念，其前面不加冠詞。
第四處：helped→help根據(jù)上下文的時態(tài)可知，此處敘述一般性事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時。
第五處：curious→curiosity形容詞性物主代詞our應(yīng)用來修飾名詞，故此處應(yīng)為curiosity。
第六處：read→reading此處to為介詞，故應(yīng)用動名詞reading作賓語。
第七處：because→why由該句句意可知此處為上文的結(jié)果，而非原因，故應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)表語從句。
第八處：thought→thoughts thought意為“想法”，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)上下文可知，此處的“想法”不止一個，故應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
第九處：It→They此處指代上文的Classic works,故應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式They。
第十處：在think前加to此處encourage sb.to do sth.為固定搭配，意為‘鼓勵某人做某事’to不可省略.
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