Unit9
Lead-in
1.Urbanization refers to the process by which thousands of people settle down?in a small area permanently with the result that a city is formed.
2.In the 1880s.
3.Urbanization can cause negative effect on the quality of life and the?environment,but at the same time it can reduce pollution and offer more?opportunities for employment.
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Text comprehension
I???B
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Ⅱ
1.Refer to Paragraph 1.The author mentions rats at the beginning of the?article for the purpose of contrasting rats with human beings.In a sense,both?rats and human beings are city dwellers,but there are differences between?them in terms of life .in the city.As natural inhabitants of the city,rats are?social creatures and lead a stable urban life.By contrast,most human?dwellers do not enjoy urban life but try to live outside the city boundaries;and?they live an individualistic and atomized rather than gregarious life.Therefore,relatively speaking,rats are true city dwellers
2.Refer to Paragraph 3.The idiocy of the practice lies in the pretense of city?dwellers.For one thing,they disdain rural life on the one hand,and on the?other hand they try to simulate it by creating large or small patches of?greenery around their suburb,exurb or rururb residences.For another,while?they intend to live a rural life by going to the country,they have in fact spoiled?the natural features of the rural areas and created urban surroundings where?they have settled down.As a result their purpose fails in the end.
3.Refer to Paragraph 6.The author's saying so reflects his attitude towards?office work in the city.Unlike farming which is part of rural home life,joyless?work in the city is separated,both physically and emotionally,from home life?and consequently causes unnecessary frenzy.The worker's going to and?returning from work wastes a lot of time and thus is pointless,yet the worker"not only accepts but even seeks"it.
4.Refer to Paragraph 8.The quoted statement describes in what environment
the city dweller lives and works.With the windows that never open,the modern?office,artificially cooled in summer and heated in winter,alienates the worker?from the true natural world.The home surroundings are no better.They?provide?the dweller with no true sense of the seasons either.In general,the city?dweller is removed from nature and submerged in a man-made environment?every day.
5.Refer to Paragraph 9.This phenomenon is caused by the demerits of office?work.Compared with physical labor in rural life,office work in the city needs?very little physical exertion,but it requires long-time sitting with the same?posture every day.Even the after-work exercises cannot compensate for the?damage done to the physical constitution of the worker during work hours.This accounts for the round-shoulderedness of Americans.
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Ⅲ
1.Rats make city life courteous and refined when they dominate the city deep?at night.
2.City dwellers create all kinds of city vogues in the country,for they will not?live without these fashionable things.
3.These windows are disgraceful because they put the lives of office workers in?danger if a fire should occur
4.A lawn in the backyard and a few spindle-shaped trees struggling for life are?not enough to give the dweller any true sense of the season changes.
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Structural analysis of the text
略
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Rhetorical features of the text
略
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Vocabulary
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1.doing propaganda work;printing lies on paper
2.fierce competition among people
3.foolishness;stupidity
4.senseless turmoil
5.something disgraceful
6.people with bent shoulders
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Ⅱ
1.knowledge
2.simulation
3.insolence
4:urban
5.scurry
6.congregation
7.compensate
8.rat race
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Ⅲ
1.idiotic
2.urbanity
3.solitary
4.exerted
5.insolent
6.grieved
7.lunatic
8.habitat
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IV
B?C?C?A?B?A?A B
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V
1.bearing(stance)
2.impolite(rude,ill-mannered)
3.friendly(social,sociable)
4.modestly(timidly.gently)
5.smelly(stinking,foul,malodorous)
6:thin (lanky)
7.accept (respect)
8.strangely
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VI
1.somewhere away from a studio,office,library or laboratory where practical?work is done or data is collected
2.support
3.seemingly
4.unconscious
5.very happy
6.ask for
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Grammar
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1.It was Harry who told the police.
2.It was I who told him the news.這部3.It was Susan who would like to read some detective stories.It was some detective stories that Susan would like to read.
4.It is only when one is ill that one realizes the value of health.
5.It was John who painted a lovely picture.It was a lovely picture that John painted.
6.It was Galileo who invented the telescope.
It was the telescope that Galileo invented.
7.It was Tom's mother who threw an egg at the minister yesterday.It was an egg that Tom's mother threw at the minister yesterday.It was at the minister that 'Tom's mother threw an egg yesterday.It was yesterday that Tom's mother threw an egg at the minister.
8.It was Bill who released the chairman's illness to the reporters at the party?last night.
It was the chairman's illness that Bill released to the reporters at the party?last night.
It was at the party that Bill released the chairman's illness to there porters?last night.
It was last night that Bill released the chairman's illness to there porters at?the party.
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Ⅱ
1.Do be civil this time.
2.It is they who bring the rat race.
3.Even the victims themselves can't explain how the accident occurred.
4.John I can comprehend;but the others speak gibberish.#5.Ambitious she must have been,or she wouldn't have come.
6.His face not many admired,while his character still fewer could praise.
7.They have promised to finish the work,and finish it they will.
8.Hidden in the cellar were several barrels of emphasize wine.I It was several?barrels of wine that were hidden in the cellar.
9.What he was doing was making a plan.
10.It is from this day-to-day existence of unreality,pretence,and idiocy that?the city people have the insolence to mock the useful and rewarding life of the?country people.
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Ⅲ
1.No,what I said was that I wanted you to fill the boxes with these books.
2.No,what I did was to invite her to my house instead.
3.No,what I thought was that he was going on his own.
4.No,what I did was to repair the old one.
5.No,what I did was to phone the managing director directly.
6.No,what I'd like you to work on is Exercise Two.
7.No,what I meant was that I will text you when I get there.
8.No,what I did was to send them some homemade cakes.
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IV
1.e.g.As the gate was closed,he walked away.The sun was setting as we?reached home.As he predicted,the wind changed.
2.e.g.They have to face the fact that the nearest filling station is 30 miles away.
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Translation
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1.偶爾從寂靜中開(kāi)來(lái)一輛汽車(chē)，在閃爍的交通燈下輕松駛過(guò)
2.他們不遺余力地讓城里人想象自己現(xiàn)在住的地方絕不是城市：在環(huán)境較差的郊區(qū)鋪上幾塊草坪，在更為富裕的遠(yuǎn)郊，草坪的面積更大
3.即使城市居民在他們郊區(qū)的家外面能知道有時(shí)天氣熱了，有時(shí)天氣冷了，但僅憑他們后院的草坪或幾棵半死不活的小樹(shù)，他們是無(wú)去知道季節(jié)更迭的真正節(jié)奏的
4.城里人日復(fù)一日地生活在非現(xiàn)實(shí)之中，自命不凡，舉止愚蠢，他們即使在趕路時(shí)也是高校英步履沉重，他們從不仰視他們的建筑，更不會(huì)仰望天空。恰恰是這種生活使他們帶著傲慢的神情蔑視和譏諷供養(yǎng)他們的鄉(xiāng)下人的有益且有回報(bào)的生活
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Ⅱ
1.The government promises that it will spare no effort to support our?environmental protection projects.
2.She had no knowledge of Chinese history,geography and culture before she?came to China.
3.The sonorous voice of the speaker is echoing round the hall
4.Industry and loyalty sometimes compensate for the lack of ability.
5.As far as I know,he was one of the few people who got out of the rat race.
6.He left a few men behind to clean up the last of the enemy positions
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Ⅲ
為什么那么多人十分急切地想離開(kāi)自己從小長(zhǎng)大的小城鎮(zhèn)或村莊而奔向大都市呢?他們常說(shuō)自己的家鄉(xiāng)“枯燥乏味”,或者“死氣沉沉”,或者最苛刻地指責(zé)為“土里土氣”。年如果我們超脫一點(diǎn)來(lái)研究這個(gè)問(wèn)題，就像我們遠(yuǎn)距離地審視整個(gè)國(guó)家一樣，我們對(duì)到底是什么誘使我們到大城市來(lái)這個(gè)問(wèn)題就會(huì)有一點(diǎn)眉目了。大城市值得注意的主要一點(diǎn)就是“大”:人多，發(fā)生的事情也多。如果你真正從一個(gè)很遠(yuǎn)的距離，如夜晚航行的飛機(jī)上，英語(yǔ)俯視一座城市，你會(huì)被眼前難以置信的明亮打動(dòng)：那么多的燈光，以至于你會(huì)情不自禁地公的以為五彩繽紛的生活就在下面向你招手。然而，一旦你落地，失望之情便會(huì)油然而生，空因?yàn)楫?dāng)你驅(qū)車(chē)從機(jī)場(chǎng)駛?cè)胧兄行臅r(shí)，你會(huì)意識(shí)到光明不過(guò)是綿延幾英里的路燈和霓虹招
牌。它們本身并非快樂(lè)與幸福的源泉：城市之光并不友善，它們僅僅是燈光而已。事實(shí)上，其效果或許還讓你感到寂寞和孤獨(dú)。
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Exercises for integrated skills
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In one sense,/we can trace all the problems of the American city /back to?a single starting point:/we Americans don't like our cities very much.
That is,on the face of it,absurd./After all,more than three-fourths of us?now live in cities,/and more are flocking to them every year./We are told that?the problems of our cities /are receiving more attention,/and scholarship has?discovered a whole new field in urban studies.
Nonetheless,it is historically true:/in the American psychology,/the city?has been a basically suspect institution,/filled with the corruption of Europe,/totally lacking that sense of spaciousness /and innocence of the frontier/and the rural landscape.
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I B?D G?A M?O F?J?L
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