unit 5 課文翻譯
PassageA
華爾街反人類的經(jīng)濟罪行
美國國際集團的金融家們得到了千百萬美金的獎金，因為他們的薪酬合同是基于他們完成的交易量而非這些交易產(chǎn)生的后果。一位32歲的按揭貸款經(jīng)紀人告訴我：“我覺得我的工作就是簽訂交易??,至于交易的后果——那是他們的事，與我無關(guān)?！焙芏嗪芏嗟纳虅?wù)高管們攫取了高額獎金，雖然他們撕裂了世界經(jīng)濟，造成千萬億美金的損失，使千百萬的人的生活支離破碎。他們?nèi)荒曁幱谶@場危機核心的是令人恐懼的對人的摧殘。
每天的經(jīng)濟新聞都讓我不斷想起45年前漢娜·阿倫特在耶路撒冷為《紐約人》報作戰(zhàn)犯審判報道時，她對納粹戰(zhàn)犯阿道夫·艾希曼的剖析。阿倫特剖析了盲從與惡行之間奇特的“相互依存”,并試圖以她的著名論斷“平庸之惡”來捕捉這一點。阿倫特發(fā)現(xiàn)艾希曼“既不是道德敗壞，也不是殘酷成性”,而是“非?？膳碌恼?。”
遠離現(xiàn)實
他是新型犯罪，是“行政大屠殺”的參與者，“在他實際上不知道或未察覺自己正在做錯事的情況下”犯下了罪行。艾希曼別無動機，只是阿倫特所描述的“一種超乎尋常的尋求個人升遷的勤奮而已??他從來沒有意識到他在做什么?！卑愄氐贸隽诉@樣的結(jié)論：“這種遠離現(xiàn)實的心理和這種無思想的盲從會勝過所有的邪惡本性，從而引發(fā)出更大的慘禍，而這一點事實上恰是我們可以在耶路撒冷汲取的教訓?！?/span>
誠然經(jīng)濟危機不是大屠殺，但我敢說，這場經(jīng)濟危機源于一種總是生產(chǎn)出類似疏離與盲從的商業(yè)模式，并因個體道德判斷的普遍性缺失而進一步惡化。隨著我們對金融機構(gòu)內(nèi)的這種行為的加深了解，我們看到幾乎所有的人都接受了一種不計后果的體制，它獎賞交易卻拒絕為這些交易的后果承擔責任。銀行家、經(jīng)紀人和金融專家們都是這種以自我為中心的商業(yè)模式的心甘情愿的參與者，該模式只頌揚有益于機構(gòu)內(nèi)部人員的做法，卻不把機構(gòu)以外的其他人當作人看而疏離他們。
此種制度化的自戀和對“其他人”的蔑視在次級抵押貸款行業(yè)及其衍生而來的投資業(yè)得到了終極的顯現(xiàn)。有太多的案例顯示，貸款人或投資者面臨的明顯風險卻只是被視為無人應(yīng)該對其負責的外部因素。從來沒有想到過會有這樣的人，他們的家庭會面臨被迫舍棄房屋的困境，會有退休者陷入養(yǎng)老金風險的無底深淵。那些體制內(nèi)部的人是看不見這種困苦的：它太遙遠了，從而實際上是不存在的。
缺乏同情心
當處于戰(zhàn)爭狀態(tài)時，由于情感上的疏離，人們更易于依據(jù)自己狹隘的個人利益而行事，缺乏通常的同情心。同情心能讓我們察覺到他人的痛苦，是我們之所以為人的標志。自戀的商業(yè)模式提供了現(xiàn)代的“情景”,促使個體無視自己的抉擇的惡果，由此鋪就了一條通往全方位的行政經(jīng)濟大屠殺的道路。
阿倫特認為，艾希曼的審判給世界傳遞了一條信息，即個體必須為其判斷承擔責任，即使他們“盲目地”順應(yīng)了無良組織制度的情景。這條信息并不僅僅局限于難以形容的大屠殺的恐怖行徑。它也與任何情況下個體判斷與制度程序之間的關(guān)系相關(guān)聯(lián)。這條信息說：你不能把自己做下的壞事簡單地歸咎于體制。然而讓世界為之驚愕的是，成千上萬受托掌管我們金融福祉的男男女女們卻全面系統(tǒng)地違背了文明行為的基本標準。他們無力辨別對與錯。他們要么根本不判斷，要么就根本不按自己的判斷行事。這喪失底線的行為才讓公眾對離譜的獎勵行為的每次披露都怒不可遏。公眾的憤怒并不是渴望復(fù)仇，而是在反抗這個平庸之惡。
公眾的憤慨是道德感的反應(yīng)，它的著眼點比那些為保護自立經(jīng)營的商業(yè)伎倆而設(shè)置的法律更深刻，也更真實。現(xiàn)今，人們的呼聲是去找回屬于我們的群體，回到人們能由己及人辨別對錯的地方。公眾需要——不，要求—我們的領(lǐng)導者們來重新審視自己的能力和義務(wù)，判斷出什么才是正確的做法，即便那會意味著要面對法律訴訟和發(fā)怒的銀行家們。
現(xiàn)在，有關(guān)千百萬的人生死存亡的安全感已處于危險境地或被徹底摧毀。在這場價值墮落的浪潮中，沒有誰會是安全的，而引發(fā)這場價值墮落浪潮的正是這個以自我為中心的商業(yè)模式的平庸之惡以及那些不問是非、缺乏道德判斷的參與者們。留給資本主義繼承人的迫切教訓通過所有的新聞標題正在發(fā)生效應(yīng)：沒有“他人”,只有我們。本應(yīng)屬于“他們的”傷害現(xiàn)在卻成為了全世球范圍的共有磨難。
這場經(jīng)濟危機已經(jīng)顯現(xiàn)出越來越多的詐騙、利益沖突、漠視困苦、推卸責任和個體道德判斷的全面、系統(tǒng)性的缺失，這一切就制造出了一個行政經(jīng)濟大屠殺，其涉及面之大足以構(gòu)成反人類的經(jīng)濟罪行。
?
Passage B
商業(yè)誠信
幾年前，我和丈夫在報紙上登廣告打算賣掉我們的一輛老沃爾沃牌汽車。汽車在那里閑置了幾個月都沒有人問津，最后一對正為生活打拼的夫婦買下了它。由于我們是律師，精通法律，所以在我們選用的合同書上，給年輕夫婦留出簽名地方的上方印著“按現(xiàn)狀”3個大紅字?！鞍船F(xiàn)狀”是一個極妙的法律術(shù)語，意思是如果這對夫婦一旦把車開離這里，車輪丟了或是傳動器從車上掉下來，車子缺少轱轆或不能開動就是他們的問題了，與我們無關(guān)。
就在這對夫婦買下車以后第二天早上，他們從駕車上班的路上打電話給我們說，每當他們轉(zhuǎn)動方向盤時，沃爾沃車就發(fā)出可怕的聲音。我丈夫打電話給我，討論我們和他們雙方的權(quán)利。按照法律，我們受全面保護，這應(yīng)該是他們的事，與我們無關(guān)。然而，由于我們當年也曾經(jīng)是一對為生活而打拼的年輕夫婦，同情心讓我們給他們回了電話，叫他們把車開到我們的修理廠檢修。我們保證“修好它”。我們作為賣方的法律義務(wù)是有限的，因為法律賦予賣方有權(quán)在完成公平交易之后不再接受買家投訴的煩擾。然而，商業(yè)中有多少交易是真正公平的呢?難道我們不是生活在同一個世界嗎?難道我們來生都不會再見面了嗎?當我們面對面站在一起時，難道不會因為需要向我們的公平交易過的買家進行這樣的問候而尷尬萬分嗎“實在抱歉，賣給你的車第二天就出了毛病，但是，法律就是法律”。假如一個人贏得了一切，或者在出售沃爾沃汽車中賺了點錢，但卻失去了靈魂，那么他又贏了什么呢?
最好的結(jié)果
我們這次與這對年輕夫婦的公平交易經(jīng)歷，所得到的結(jié)果是最好的，也是有利于我們的。噪音是由于駕駛桿上的螺栓松了，這是因為我們的沃爾沃閑置了幾個月的緣故。我們的機械師免費為這對夫婦上緊了螺栓，他們又高興又松了口氣。而我和我的丈夫也避免了在天堂中一次棘手的窘?jīng)r。
我們那些研究資本主義特性、商業(yè)道德、違背商業(yè)倫理以及違背商業(yè)倫理道德的后果的人僅僅開始懂得在成功的經(jīng)濟體制中潛在的價值系統(tǒng)的重要性。誠信問題仍然是我們價值鑒別的一個標準，因為我們還沒有看到理想的以《圣經(jīng)》中福音為基礎(chǔ)的商業(yè)成功。“好人總是落后”是一意追求眼前利益的壞人編造的一句話。正是商業(yè)中還存在的誠信為成功提供了機會。許多生意中的人都沒有遵循這條原則。那些沒有學會運用這一點的人注定要失敗。對于生意人來說，問題不是經(jīng)商中我們要不要誠實，而是我們必須懂得誠實是生意成功的關(guān)鍵。在商業(yè)道德中有許多令人信服的例子，都可以毫無疑問地得出這樣得結(jié)論：誠信是商業(yè)成功核心。
誠信與幸存的經(jīng)理們
福蘭克·希普教授，馬里蘭州索爾茲伯里州立大學的一位管理學專家，探討了這樣的問題：為什么一些經(jīng)理會在過去十年中，在無數(shù)次企業(yè)裁員中得以幸存下來。他們沒有經(jīng)受過企業(yè)裁員的痛苦，而許多像他們一樣的人卻經(jīng)常失業(yè)，有時長達一年之久。
關(guān)于這些經(jīng)理，希普教授發(fā)現(xiàn)了兩個非常重要的特點：第一，這是一群不同類型的人，有男有女，年齡不同，種族不同，管理風格也不同。第二，這些經(jīng)理和他們的雇員都可使用一個非常通用的形容詞來描寫：誠實。這些經(jīng)理在他們工作的各個方面都恪守誠信。他們贊賞員工們能給高級行政管理人員轉(zhuǎn)去新想法時，把功勞正確地歸功于員工，坦率地向員工們解釋新的規(guī)則、新的策略以及和政策性或程序性的變化等。商業(yè)中時有所聞的不正當競爭、裙帶關(guān)系和踩著他人往上爬等對于這些經(jīng)理們來說都是格格不入的。這些經(jīng)理們懂得，不僅僅是誠信，還包括善良和公平這些《圣經(jīng)》福音中的原則也都是重要的。他們?nèi)〉昧顺晒κ且驗樗麄兙邆淞诉@些素質(zhì)，而不是違背了這些要求。他們的工作穩(wěn)固只是因為他們恪守基本的誠實律條。
誠實與信譽
一條日本諺語為那些想欺騙他人的人提供了一條至理名言：千年的信譽會毀于一時的行為。商業(yè)中，我們對待他人的態(tài)度，不管是對顧客、供應(yīng)商還是股東，都會回過頭來幫助我們或是困擾我們。
一家國際食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)，于1970年做出決定向第三世界國家出售嬰兒奶制品。這家公司是第一家也是唯一的一家打入這些市場的嬰兒奶制品生產(chǎn)廠商。盡管當時在非洲國家銷售嬰兒奶制品并不違法，但是也有一個誠信問題。在這些國家，即使在母親營養(yǎng)不良的情況下，母乳仍然是兒科醫(yī)生首選的喂養(yǎng)方法。這有幾個原因：1.沒有冰箱來保存尚未食用的聽裝奶制品；2.沒有沖調(diào)配方奶粉的純凈水；3.不了解將貌似黏稠的奶制品稀釋到母乳濃度的有害性；4.在免費贈送的樣品用完而母乳又斷流時缺乏資金來購買新的配方奶制品。然而，該公司在沒有透露這些弊端的情況下進入了第三世界國家并在銷售配方奶制品中獲得了巨大成功。但是，上述四個因素的存在卻使這些奶制品有售的國家的嬰兒死亡率火箭般地猛增。
?
unit 5 習題答案
Lead-in
1.manuals
2.periodically
3.initiative
4.structural
15.remains
6.rewarded
7.honest
8.Penalties against scandals are too lenient
9.Japanese companies have little incentive to tackle ethical and compliance issues internally
10.have made greater efforts to deal with ethical and compliance issues
?
Communicative Tasks
Task 1
In this competitive society,many companies must struggle to survive.Some start to use unethical means to defeat theircompetitors.Some businessmen bribe the staff of their competitor's company in order to get some confidentialinformation.According to a report,the trade secret of the company was stolen by one of the staff,who was promised alarge amount of money by another company in the same industry.The result was this company missed an importantbusiness opportunity and thus lost customers and great profit.In a word,business ethnics cannot be overemphasized toomuch.
?
Task 2
Open.
1.It is against the business ethics.Patients should not give add itional money to doctors,because it is doctors'duty to beresponsible for patients'life.And patients have paid all the hospital bils,which would cover a part of doctors'salary.
2.It isn't against the business ethics.Educ ation is not a kind of business affairs.
3.No,it isn't.It is a business promotion to offer discount to the big order.
4.Yes,it is.This kind of exaggeration of quality probably causebad results.
5.Yes,it is.This may lead to collusion between government and businessmen.It is unfair to companies in same industry.
6.No,it isn't This is dishonesty in application,but it has nothing to do with business ethnic.Probably in their futurecareer,theywill becomeunethical businessmen or businesswomen.
?
Think about it
1.Wall Street refers to the financial district of New York City.Over time,these words have become a metonym for thefinancial markets of the United States/as a whole.It is the home of the New York Stock Exchange,which is theworld's largest stock exchange by market capitalization of its listed companies.The Economic Crisis of 2008 resultsfrom many factors,such as global inflation,increased unemployment,high oil and food prices,a declining dollarvalue,a horrible housing market,and a subprime mortgage crisis.However,above all the reasons,the subprimeresidentialmortgage crisis reached its climax in August 2008,when financial institutions reported billions of dollars inlosses.Thus instability on Wall Street immediately spread to the European and Asian stock markets,thereby rapidlypermeating the entire financial system.
2.Yes.Unethical business practices are bound to derail your career or company,the abrupt collapse of Sanlu Group is thevery hard lesson many businessmen should earn.Moral virtues such as compassion,responsibility,fairness,andhonesty are essential for business success in a long run It keeps people honest and out of trouble rather than being aconstraining force,morality creates a fertile source of business motivation,inspiration,and innovation.
3.Individualmoral judgment or moral thinking plays an important role in our life,guiding us to do ethically and keep usfrom wrongdoings.Being civilized human beings,we are able to distinguish right from wrong and try hard to takemoral actions accordingly.For people with good traits,honesty and a strong moral sense doing the right thingoutw eighs doing things right.
?
Content Awareness
2.Decide whether the following statements are true or false.Write"T"for true and "F"for false in the blanks.
1.F
2.T
3.T
4.T
5.F
6.T
7.F
8.F
9.T
10.F
?
3.Discuss with your partner and try to figure out the answers to the folowing questions.Share your thoughts andresponses with the class.
1.Financiers at AIG didn't deserve such awards as they should be held liable for the disastrous consequences of theirbusiness practices.
2.Self-centered as they are,these insiders are misguided by remoteness from reality and thoughtlessness in judgment,operating in their own narrow interests while distancing every outsider.
3.As revealed in Eichmann's trial,individuals must be held accountable for their judgment,even when they have"thoughtlessly"conformed to toxic institutional circumstances.
4.The financiers can't work on a self-serving business model as the institutions they are in charge of are vital for theinterests of"the others."The damage that was supposed to be "theirs"is now shared misery on a global scale.Noone is safe if such a"vacuum"of moral leadership remains in Wall Street.
5.The "banality of evil"in Wall Street led to this economic crisis and made millions of people the victims of such a孩full-scale adm inistrative economic massacre so much so that it constitutes an economic crime against humanity asEichmann did in the Holocaust.
?
4 Fill in each of the blanks with an appropriate word.
1.transactions
2.trial
3.thoughtlessness
4.civilized
5.insiders
6.empathy
7.vacuum
8.unquestioning
9.heirs
10.humanity
?
Language Focus
5.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.dismay
2.invisible
3.accountable
4.mortgage
5.compounded
6.discern
7.mounting
8.haunt
9.indifference
10.terrifying
?
6.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.at the heart
2.derive from
3.pave the way
4.conform to
5.stand up to
?
7.Each of the verbs and nouns/noun phrases in the following lists occurs in Passage A Choose the noun/noun phrasethat you think collocates the each verb and write it down in the blank.
1.act on their moral judgment
2.reap rewards
3.ignore responsibility
4.commit crimes
5.conform to institutional circumstances
6.meet the minimum standard
7.pave the way for a full-scale administrative economic massacre
8.reflect a sense of morality
9.complete transactions
10.relinquish its home
?
8.Translate the following sentences into English.
1.The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.
2.New insights will hopefully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.
3.Proverbs,which derive from life,are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture ofa nation.
4.The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.
5.Admittedly,the right price for this unique commodity is hard to discern.
9.Read and compare the English sentences,paying attention to theitalicized parts and translate the Chinese sentences bysimulating the structure of the English sentences.
1.We agree that he had nothing to be praised for other than what he had done forhis son.
2.That many enterprises don't take business ethics seriously can be more destructive to world economy than anyillegal commercialaction.
3.The hospitality of the Chinese finds its ultimate expression in the grand feasts during the Spring Festival
4.This loan of money from the World Bank provides financial guarantee that enables more children to have bettefac ilities in school
5.It is less a scientific research about equal education opportunity than it is a call for public attention to thedevelopment of the poor.
?
10.Work in pairs to discuss or debate the following topic.
A:Do you think honesty pays off?
B:Of course.
A:Then what do you think of cheating in tests?
B:Oh,it's not a good idea.Cheating in tests means nothing but cheating yourself.
A:But if Iget someone to help me in the tests,I will get a better score.It is seemingly agood thing,isn't it?
B:Well.If you cheat,even though you don't get caught and might get a higher score this time,in the long run,youdidn't master the knowledge that you should be checked in the exam.In school you can get someone to help youin tests,but what aboutwhen you are at work?
A:You are quite right.I will try my best to be honest from the moment on and in future.
?
Write About It
11.Write a short passage of 120words or so on the topic "Business Ethics."Your writing may be based on the followingoutline given in Chinese.
Business Ethics
Creating and sustaining an ethical corporation isn't as difficult as you think.The keys to running an ethicalcompany are integrity,honesty,and information transparency.
Corporations aren't ethical or evil in and of themselves ---but people can be.Most people want to do the right thing,but superior instruction does not allow they to do the right thing.Structuring an ethical corporation makes the goal easierto achieve.
The challenge could not be more urgent.A substantial majority of people in China are dissatisfied with the socialbehavior of our corporations.Fro instance,poor treatment of workers at home and abroad products that don't perform asadvertised,fake commodities,poor customer service,environmental pollution.
As companies existed in this society,they have to earn profit to survive.It is of great importance to find a way tobalance business profit and business ethics.It requires that entrepreneurs follow their best moral instincts.Sometimesbeing truly ethical means giving up something you want in exchange for doing the right thing.That's why we worryabout ethics in the first place ---if it didn't cost us a price,everyone would be ethical all the time.
?
Passage B
Think About It
1.Yes.Honesty enables businessperson to keep old customers and develop new customers.The customer loyalty willcertainly be improved.The role models of"greed is good"can lead you to failure
2.No.Even though there are some unethical behaviors in business transactions,some businesspeople are stil honest andethical.They certainly have advantages over the treacherous ones.
3.If cheated in business dealings by some company,I will take the following steps to protect my own interests:first,Iwill contact the company and try to solve the problem between us,then I will engage an attorney to suit that targetcompany if nec essary.Anyway,Iwill not keep silent to take actions to defend myself.
4.The author tries to appeal that honesty rests at the heart of business success.
?
Content Awareness
12.Choose the best answer to each question with information from the passage.
1.B
2.C
3.A
4.A
5.A
?
13.Answerthe following questions with information from the passage.
1.Success achieved in business without breaching the Bible's teachings
2.Being honest in all aspect of work.
3.Any bad behavior at any time can lead to damaging your long-established reputation.
4.It actually was a cheating/fraudulent operation leading to serious consequences.
?
Language Focus
14.Fill in the blanks with the words given below.Change the form where necessary.
1.compelled
2.compassion
3.disclosure
4.exploring
5.malnourished
6.plaguing
7.pledge
8.breach
9.span
10.transaction
?
15.Complete the following sentences with words or expressions from the passage.Change the form where necessary.
1.sitting idle
2.broke down
3.in all respects
4.gave;credit
5.by theconduct of
?
16.The following words occur in Passage B.Find 4 pairs of near synonyms and 3 pairs of near antonyms,and writethem down.
Synonyms:
1.idle;fallow
2.diverse;varying
3.key;important
4.self-esteem;self-worth
Antonyms:
1.sell;purchase
2.plagued;delighted
3.breach;faith
?
17.Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.
傳奇企業(yè)家沃倫·巴菲特說：“信任就像我們呼吸的空氣。它在時，無人會真正留意，但一旦它不在，每個人都會注意到?！比魣猿值赖略瓌t的話，你能把生意從創(chuàng)業(yè)一直做到退休?，F(xiàn)在正是把以下這些正確的方方面面安排到位來建立企業(yè)倫理文化的恰當時機：使命、價值、明晰可及的規(guī)章制度、企業(yè)公民意識以及慈善心等。第一步是自己要做道德行為典范。如果你的員工看到你四處鉆營并一直混跡于灰色地帶，那么他們就有可能做同樣的事情，而不顧公司的道德守則如何規(guī)定。畢竟我們是生活在一個上行下效的世界中。
?
?
18.Read the following short paragraphs and try to identfy the authors purpose Underline the cue words in the passageand explain how they can help us understand the author's purpose.
Paragraph 1:
1.B
2.B
3.AParagraph 2:
1.C
2.D
?
19.Translate the following sentences into Chinese,paying special attention to the under lined parts.
1.走出機場大樓我就看到外面好多出租汽車司機在穿梭走動，這(一現(xiàn)象)在世界各地的機場都是一樣的。
2.邁爾斯先生仍然面帶微笑，可是他的口氣卻有點不耐煩了。羅布很少見到這種情況。
3.難怪，一看見沿河而立的精美建筑時，我就想起了巴黎、阿姆斯特丹和威尼斯。
4.現(xiàn)在我意識到知識給人的巨大樂趣，這與如何使用知識無關(guān)。
5.她本想告訴約翰，她沒有料到他的知識竟有如此淵博，但又覺得有些不好意思，沒有說出口。
6.那位中年人是新選出的隊長，他能干、開朗又誠懇。
7.他生活中唯一感興趣的東西是踢足球，這使他交到很多朋友。
8.他們有360名職工，大部分原來是家庭婦女，現(xiàn)在幫助居民做一些洗滌、縫補的事。
?
-
Write a composition on "The Negative Effects of Advertisements."Your writing may be based on the follwingoutline given inChinese.
The Negative Effects of Advertisements
Nowadays there are many misleading advertisements in people's life.They are harmful to people and society.
First,they exaggerate the quality and functions of the their advertised goods and thus mislead consumers.Second,some advertisements contain offensive information which may corrupt young people's minds.Third,they seriouslydamage the reliability of business.For the long run customers will not believe the company which manufacture theseproducts.
As far as I am concerned I think effective methods must be taken to stop the false advertisements and to protectconsumers'interests.Advertisements should be strictly examined by the authorities before they are published or aired on?TV Furthermore,there should be punishment for those who publish illegal advertisements.All in all,misleadingadvertisements must be eliminated by all means.
?
21.Suppose you are an office manager.You got a letter from yourcustomer,Mr.Andi on 15 March,2012,complainingabout one of your employees for his offensive behavior.Write a letter of apology in reply.
19,March 2012
T&TD Ltd.
No.118,8th Avenue
Dear Mr.Andi,
I was upset when receiving your letter on 15 March,2012,which detailed the offensive behavior of one of ouremployees toward you.
I can assure you that such behavior is not,and never will be,tolerated in this company After a full investigation,wehave taken action against this employee.I can only offer my full apology and assurance that it will not happen again.Wevalue the relationship between the customers and our company and I hope this incident will not weaken that valuedrelationship.Again,my sincere apology.
Yours sincerely,
Tomas Young
Office Manager
?
更多熱點資訊及訂單請查看
?