因此，面對“石油峰值”現(xiàn)象，我們已經(jīng)無法再想肖然地認為“會有更多的資源”。從現(xiàn)在起，不論我們放眼何處，我們都將發(fā)現(xiàn)一個有限的存在，此外別無他物。以極限速度抵達極限點，不是理智的做法。理智而可行的選擇應該是恢復必要的政治明智，開始放慢速度，從而避免出現(xiàn)災難。當然，只要可行，考慮其他可替代的能源也是有意義的。但是，我們?nèi)匀恍枰匦聦徱暯?jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)，將其限定在地球能夠容忍和容納的范圍之內(nèi)。既然沒有更多資源，那么唯一的選擇就是最大程度地利用好目前所擁有的資源。
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(節(jié)選自《2009年美國最佳散文》)
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練習答案
Ⅱ.
A.
1.Faustian economy means limitless economy,based on the supposed possibility of limitless growth,limitless wants,limitless wealth,limitless natural resources,limitless energy,and limitless debt.
2.Because people don't want to give up their wasteful lifestyle,that is,the American Way of Life.
3.In the writer's opinion,the American Way of Life is characterized bywaste and greed.
4.The conference held in Louisville,Kentucky is a summit on clean-coal generation,biofuels,and other cuting-edge applications.The writer thinks the conference is nothing new and full ofempty talks and groundless optimism.
5.Human limitness is a fantasy because we human beings have a limited life expectancy and everything we have on earth is limited,including our mother earth.
Human limitlessness implies that all people are entitled to pursue without limit whatever they conceive as desirable.
According to the writer,this fantasy may have come from the coincidence of the jndustia evolution with the suddenly exploitableresources of the New World,and people's apprehension of the world's smallness tdgether with their desire for the freedom of義limitlessness.6.In paragraph 7,the writer states that this limitlessness willfinally prpduce acrowning cult of political limitlessness.
7.Human self-restraint is implied in neighborliness,stewardship,thrif,temperance,generosity,care,kindness,friendship,loyalty,and love.
8.Faustus is depicted as a man of learning who reckesy seeks to possess all Nature's treasury,andallthe knowledge andpower inthe world.In order to achieve his goal,he deeds his sóul to Lucifer (the prince of devils)and receives in compensation for twenty-four years the services of the subdevil Mephistopheles.Then at the end of twenty-four years,his soul belongs to Lucifer and Faustusgoes to Hell In short,Faustus is a person who seeks present gain without regard for the future.
9.We should first recognize and accept.our liímits and turn to art for inspirations of living.
B.
1.The thesis statement is:Faustian economics,or the idea of a limitless economy is monstrous.It is first stated at the end of Para.4.
2.The essay begins with a description of the general reaction to the end of cheap fossil fuel.
The authorbegins the essay this way to draw the attention of more people,since fossi fuel is closely related to people's daily livesand they are generally more concerned with the price of fossi fuel than to other environmental or ecological issues,since they thinkthat's something to be solved by scientists or politicians and is remote from their own lives.
3.The writer focuses on the antithesis between limitlssness and limits.Everything in man's assumption is limitless while allthings inreality are limited.
4.He mentions the summit on unbridled energy as an example of people's delusional assumptions of limitlessness.
In his view,people's optimism of limitless resources seems groundless and ridiculous.And it seems the people who keep repeatingthese remarks don't really understand what they are talking about.
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5.The example the writer gives for predatory economy is that veterinarians have to treat farm animals with drugs more expensivethan these farm animals are worth.
The example he gives for community economy is that an old-age farmer rents his land to a younger farmer on the basis of“cropshare”instead ofa price paid or owed in advance.
6.By contrasting arts with sciences and artists with scientists,the writer points out for us a solution to the problems caused byFaustian economics and the future direction for mankind.It is convincing in that the writer gives lots of examples to illustrate his point.
Ⅲ.
1.This belief reflecting waste and greed are too bad to be excused:the real causes of global warmingare not naturalphenomenon buthuman factors such as waste and greed,which are embodied in this belief.And by now it is easy to see how foolish this belief is.
2.It is assumed that the supposed possibility oflimitlessness came about from the fact that the industrial revolution coincided withthe discovery of natural resources in the New World (the American continent)that became suddenly exploitable.However,it is notclear how to relate the ideas of the supposed limitlessness of resources with their eventual exhaustion,
3.Making the doctrine of limitlessness a normal standard of belief and behavior has produceda sort of moral reduction,namely,the米strong wish to be efficient regardless of any cost,and not tobe hindered by complexity.
4.Connectedness with?others,respect,reverence,responsibility,accountability,and seff-subordination are all reduced to theminimum.Our present leaders and heroes are especially favored by and are bad examples ofthis culture.
5.Thus putting an Xmark on a paper voting ballot no longer convergoūridea of voting into reality.The result of voting no longerreflects our idea of voting.We don't believe we are voting properly if/some high technology is not involved.
6.We are not likely to get another planet to use up in a careless way to offset our error in damaging this one.
7.The hope that we can solve the problems of industraismby using small mountsof more technology seems at lasttobe losing厭position.8.If we dig into our cultural heritage,we are going to find our concern with religion,which,at least,completely destroys the beliefthat the individual life exists in a selfish way,and the destruction of this belief forces peopleto consider and examine seriously whathuman beings are and what human beings ought to be.
9.This community economics is entrely different from the predatory economy of bringing large profits to the powerful anddisadvantages and even ruin to the powerless.
10.At the present time,quite a few writers,critics,andteachers of literature,as well as scientists and technicians,regard Satan's andFaustus's defiance as positive and heroic.
IV.
A.
1.manifestly:plain and easy to see
2.summit:meetingon the highest level
3.tax break:any item which reduces tax,including any tax exemption,taxdeduction,or tax credit
4.tissue:mesh,network,web
5.outsmart:to get the better of;to gain advantage over someone by using tricks or by your intelligence
6.il:something that disturbs or afflicts;trouble
7.would-be:desiring,intendingto be;having the potential to be
8.cutting edge:the foremost part ofsomething
9.fund:an available quantity of material or intangible resources;supply
10.landscape:a general situation in which a particular activity takes place
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B.
1.-ness:foolishness,limitlessness,consumptiveness,smallness,reasonableness,neighborliness,kindness,selfishness,faithfulness,powerlessness,naturalness
2.-ation:industrialization,generation,application,computation,speculation,minimization,self-subordination,compensation,condemnation,preoccupation,limitation,elaboration3.-ment:curtailment,government,predicament,nourishment,improvement,confinement,inducement,experiment
4.-er:manufacturer,promoter,leader,farmer,questioner,seller,buyer,composer,writer,roader
5.-ity:insanity,security,possibility,responsibility,acountability,ability,stupidity /generosity,discontinuity,community,domesticity,opportunity,complexity,gravity,identity
6.-ism:optimism,fundamentalism,industrialism,gigantism
7.-ship:friendship,workmanship,stewardship,relationship
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C.
1.It means economics based on the supposed ppssibiltfy of limitlssness of growth,wants,wealth,natural resources,energy,anddebt.
2.The end of the age of cheap fossiftuel (ike coal)is apparent.The general response to this reality has been to postpone any sort ofthinking and consideration.This is the usual attitude towards other easily foreseeable limitations.
3.The problem with us is that not only are we carelessly wasteful but we assume that we are limitless.
4.It is actually a number of old and meaningless phrases and it has become the common language of promoters of such energytechnologies,politicians and journalists.
5.The zeal for industrial fundamentalism will bring an end to our world.
6.Fear of the smallnessof our world and ife in this world may lead to a strong fear of being in a smallenclosed space or situation.
7.Although many of us may believe in Christianity or other religions,in fact our true belief is industrialism,which alienates peoplerather than connecting people.
8.The hope that we can solve the problems and troubles of industralism by using small amounts of more technology seems at last tobe losing position.
9.To make his strong desire for knowledge less severe,he strikes a contract with Lucifer,the Devil,by which he is granted theservices of twenty-four years of the subdevil Mephistopheles.The latter is Faustus,slave in namebut his master in reality.
10.If we want to get rid of our fantasy of limitlessness,we will have to give up the idea that we have a right to be animals like Godwith limitless knowledge and limitless power.
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V.See the translation of the text.
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VI.
1.The passage mainly focuses on the disadvantages of GDP as a measure for societal well-being.It also touches upon how toimprove GDP's role injudging societalwell-being and such alternative measure for societal well-being as GNP.
2.According to the author,there are mainly three major problems with GDP:firstly,GDP doesn't reflect the debts we owe,nor thedeterioration of environment and depletion of resources in the process of economic growth;secondly,GDP,especially per capitaGDP,doesn't reflect the efficiency of social operation;lastly,average per capita GDP doesn't reflect how much growth and progresseach member of society can share.
3.GNH is gross national happiness,put forward by Bhutan to measure the degree of happiness and sense of wellbeing among itscitizens.
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