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虛擬語氣
1. 表示現(xiàn)在/過去/將來情況的虛擬條件句
虛擬條件句主要有三種結(jié)構(gòu)：
1) 表示與現(xiàn)在情況相反：主句謂語用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語用“動(dòng)詞的一般過去時(shí)”(動(dòng)詞be的過去式一律用were)。
If I were you, I would not accept his offer.
If I had time, I would certainly go to the cinema with you.
2) 表示與過去情況相反：主句謂語用“would / could / might + have +過去分詞”，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)。
If I had got up a little earlier, I wouldn’t have missed the train.
If I had been more careful, I might have passed that exam.
3) 表示與將來情況相反：主句謂語用“would / could / might +動(dòng)詞原形”，從句謂語用“were +動(dòng)詞不定式”或“should +動(dòng)詞原形”。
If I were to do the job, I would not be able to have enough time to study.
If it should rain tomorrow, I would not go out with you.
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2. 虛擬條件句連接詞if的省略
如果虛擬條件句的從句中含有were, had, should, could等詞時(shí)，可以省略連接詞if，但這時(shí)必須把were, had, should, could等詞移到主語前面，形成倒裝。這種句型主要用于書面形式。
Were I to do the job, I would finish doing it within two weeks.
Had it not been for his help, we couldn’t have arrived there on time.
Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.
3. wish后賓語從句中的謂語構(gòu)成
動(dòng)詞wish后的賓語從句表示未實(shí)現(xiàn)的或不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，有以下三種構(gòu)成形式。
1) 表示現(xiàn)在不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí)。(be的過去式為were)。
I wish I had enough money to buy a car.
I wish I were as young and energetic as you.
2) 表示過去未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)(had +過去分詞)或“would / could + have +過去分詞 ”。
I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.
I wish I could have done it better.
3) 表示將來不可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，賓語從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞用“would / should (could, might) +動(dòng)詞原形”。
I wish I would not get old.
I wish I could travel around the world one day.
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4. 某些動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣
在一些動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。這時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形。這類動(dòng)詞一般表示命令，要求，決定，建議，主張等概念，主要有：advise, ask, command, decide, demand, desire, direct, insist, move, order, propose, recommend, request, require, suggest,等。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 per cent.
The teacher decided that you do the experiment first.
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5. 某些名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣
在一些名詞后面的表語從句和同位語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣。這時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或should +動(dòng)詞原形。這類名詞一般表示命令，要求，決定，建議，主張等概念，主要有：advice, idea, instruction, motion, order, plan, proposal, recommendation, request, requirement, suggestion,等。
My suggestion is that we (should) send for a doctor immediately.
He gave the order that they (should) do the experiment again.
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6. 錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句
條件從句表示的動(dòng)作和主句表示的動(dòng)作，有時(shí)發(fā)生的時(shí)間是不一致的.如從句是對過去情況的假設(shè)，而主句可能是對現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行情況的假設(shè)。這種句子稱為錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句.
If the weather had been more favourable, the crops would be growing still better.
虛擬條件句的倒裝
虛擬條件句的從句部分如果含有were, should, 或had, 可將if省略，再把were, should或had 移到從句句首，實(shí)行倒裝。
1.? ?Were they here now, they could help us.
=If they were here now, they could help us.
2.? Had you come earlier, you would have met him
=If you had come earlier, you would have met him.
3.? Should it rain, the crops would be saved.
=Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.
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注意：
在虛擬語氣的從句中，動(dòng)詞'be'的過去時(shí)態(tài)一律用"were"，不用was， 即在從句中be用were代替。
1. If I were you, I would go to look for him.
如果我是你，就會(huì)去找他。
2. If he were here, everything would be all right.
如果他在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。
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典型例題
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虛擬條件狀語中如果有were, should, had這三個(gè)詞，通常將if省略，主語提前, 變成 were, should, had +主語的形式。但要注意，在虛擬條件狀語從句中，省略連詞的倒裝形式的句首不能用動(dòng)詞的縮略形式。如我們可說 Were I not to do., 而不能說 Weren't I to do.
特殊的虛擬語氣詞should
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1. 以下幾類結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用should 加動(dòng)詞原形， should 可省略。
(1) It's suggested/ ordered/ proposed/? required/ demanded/ requested/ insisted/?necessary + (should) do
(2) It's important/ necessary/ natural/ strange
(3) It's a pity/ a shame/ no wonder
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2. 在賓語從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
e.g. 1) I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
2) He insisted that he (should) be sent there.
注意：如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)"，即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí)，賓語從句用陳述語氣。
e.g. The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯(cuò):
1) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
2) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
3)? I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
4) I insisted that you were wrong.
（1，3錯(cuò)；2，4對）
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3. 在表語從句，同位語從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
e.g. 1) My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
2) I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
全部倒裝
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全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動(dòng)詞全部置于主語之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過去時(shí)。常見的結(jié)構(gòu)有：
1. ?here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動(dòng)詞常用be, come, go, lie, run。
e.g. 1) There goes the bell.
? ? ? 2) Then came the chairman.
? ? ? ?3) Here is your letter.
2. ?表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語置于句首，謂語表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。
? ? e.g. 1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.
? ? ? ?2) Ahead sat an old woman.
注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。
e.g. 1) Here he comes.
? ? ? ? ? ? ? 2) Away they went.
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