第三講 名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞

考點一?名詞的構詞法

在空白處填入括號內單詞的正確形式：

1. Compared with the traditional trade mode, they don't have to spend money in renting a house. However, there are still some_______(advantage) in online shopping.

   【答案】disadvantages

   【解析】句意：與傳統(tǒng)的貿(mào)易模式相比，他們不必花錢租賃房屋。然而，網(wǎng)上購物仍然有一些缺點。由However可知，這里與上一句形成轉折，介紹網(wǎng)購的缺點disadvantage是可數(shù)名詞，和some搭配，應用復數(shù)形式。

   2 . China's industrial output is expected to rise by around 6.5 percent this year , marking the best______(perform)since 2010,because the Made in China 2025 strategy(策略）helps to raise productivity and revenue(稅收）.

   【答案】performance

   【解析】句意：預計今年中國的工業(yè)產(chǎn)出將增長6.5%左右，這是自2010年以來的最佳表現(xiàn)，因為中國制造2025戰(zhàn)略有助于提高生產(chǎn)率和稅收。mark為及物動詞，其后缺少賓語，空前又有形容詞最高級修飾，故此處應填perform的名詞形式performance。

2. Three factors have greatly contributed to the ______(grow): the depth of the story,traditional Chinese elements and emotions of the characters.

   【答案】growth

   【解析】空格處作介詞to的賓語，空前又有定冠詞the,故填grow的名詞形式growth。

3. The online books will be renewed and enriched gradually according to readers' borrowing habits and ________(prefer).

   【答案】preference(s)

   【解析】句意：根據(jù)讀者的借閱習慣和偏好，網(wǎng)上圖書將會逐漸更新和充實?？崭裉幣cand前的borrowing habits并列，都由readers'修飾，指讀者的借閱習慣和偏好，故填名詞。preference在此處既可作可數(shù)名詞，也可作不可數(shù)名詞。

   5. When his mom couldn't afford to buy him a toy panda he badly wanted, he wrote a pitiful

   note on the toy's box begging other _______(stop) not to buy it .

   【答案】shoppers

   【解析】此處表示當他的母親沒有能力給他買他很想要的玩具熊貓時，他在玩具盒子上寫了一個令人同情的便條，它求其他顧客不要買這個玩具。根據(jù)空前的other可知，此處表示”其他顧客”，屬于復數(shù)意義，應用名詞復數(shù)形式。

   6.That little act of _______(kind) made everyone that saw it feel good ---but it made me feel the best of all!

   【答案】kindness

   【解析】句意：那個小小的善舉使每個看到它的人都感覺良好，但它讓我感覺最好！of是介詞，后跟名詞，故此空應填kindness。

   7.As we often mention, equestrianism(馬術）is the most popular event in China. In the show

   "jumping, the endurance, speed and_________(flexible) of the horse ,along with the cooperative relationship between the horse and its rider, are tested.

   【答案】flexibility

   【解析】句意：正如我們經(jīng)常提到的，馬術表演在中國是最受歡迎的比賽項目。在超越障礙賽中，馬的耐力、速度和靈活性以及馬與騎手之間的合作關系都受到了考驗。分析該句結構可知，空處屬于主語部分；根據(jù)該句中的"the endurance,speed and"可知，空處用名詞形式。

   考點二、名詞

1. (2019黑龍江哈爾濱三中二調，69)Determined to become a doctor, she received many medical school ———____________________(reject)before Albany Medical College finally accepted her.

   【答案】.rejections

   【解析】句意：她決心做一名醫(yī)生，被很多醫(yī)學院拒絕后最終奧巴尼醫(yī)學院接受了她。設空處在received后作賓語，故填名詞。根據(jù)many可知此處為名詞復數(shù)。rejection n.拒絕；reject vt.拒絕。

2. (2019吉林長春質檢二，64)When they build on the bank of a running stream, they make a dam across the stream for the purpose of keeping the water at the ____________________(high) they wish.

   【答案】.height

   【解析】句意：當它們在漏潺的小溪邊構建巢穴時，會建造一條跨越溪流的大壩，目的是使水維持在它們想要的高度。at為介詞，并且結合冠詞the可知設空處填名詞作賓語。height n.高度。

3. (2019陜西咸陽一模，66)The short film Making a Living marked his first ____________________(appear) on screen and was released on 2 February 1914.

   【答案】appearance

   【解析】句意：短片《謀生》標志著他第一次在電影中露面，于1914年2月2日上映。設空處作marked的賓語，故填名詞。appearance n.露面；外貌。

1. (2019吉林省吉林市一模，42)Well,we certainly have____________________(evident) that naps can give you benefits for both your brain and your body.

   【答案】evidence

   【解析】句意：喚，我們當然有證據(jù)證明小睡對你的大腦和身體都有益處。設空處在have后作賓語，故填名詞。evidence證據(jù)，為不可數(shù)名詞。evident為形容詞，意為“明顯的；顯然的”。

2. (2019黑龍江哈爾濱三中一模，62)The____________________(combine)gradually formed Peking opera.

   【答案】combination

   【解析】句意：這個組合逐漸形成京劇。設空處在句中作主語，故填名詞。

3. (2019陜西漢中一模，45)This____________________(lose)was very bad for the country, of course, but it turned out to be very good for the food.

   【答案】loss

   【解析】句意：當然這種損失對國家而言非常糟糕，但是最終對這種食品是非常有好處的。設空處在句中作主語，故填名詞。lose的名詞形式為loss。

4. (2019遼寧鞍山一中三模，61)As I tried describing Thanksgiving Day to my in-laws in China, I could see____________________(confuse) in their eyes and sense questions forming in their minds.

   【答案】confusion

   【解析】句意：當我試圖向中國的公婆描述感恩節(jié)時，我能夠看到他們眼中的困惑，也能夠感受到他們腦海中正在形成的疑問。設空處在see后作賓語，故填名詞。confusion n.困惑。confuse為動詞，意為“使困惑”。

1. (2018東北三省三校一模，64)Apart from defense,other purposes of the Great Wall have included border control, the____________________(encourage) of trade and the control of immigration.

   【答案】encouragement

   【解析】句意：除了防御外，長城的其他目的還包括控制邊疆鼓勵貿(mào)易和控制移民。設空處在句中作動詞的賓語，故填名詞。

   9.(2018東北三省三校一模，68)Another survey has found that the entire wall with all of its____________________(branch) measures 21, 196 km.

   【答案】branches

   【解析】句意：另一項調查已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，整個長城連帶所有分支長21,196公里。branch分支，為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)allof可知此處用名詞復數(shù)形式。

   考點三 代詞

1. (2019黑龍江哈爾濱三中二調，65)Had Columbus turned back, no one could have blamed him. Of course, no one would have remembered____________________, either.

   【答案】him

   【解析】句意：如果哥倫布當初往回走了，沒人可以責備他。當然，也就沒有人會記住他。設空處指代上句提到的Columbus,在remembered后作賓語，故填代詞賓格him。

1. (2019黑龍江哈爾濱一模，66)With____________________(it)fascinating and artistic accompaniment, Peking opear is an all-round art

   【答案】its

   【解析】句意：京劇的伴奏樂、演唱以及服裝迷人且具有藝術氣息，它是一種全面的表演藝術形式。設空處作定語，故填形容詞性物主代詞。

2. (2019陜西漢中一模，43)When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why____________________ has this special feature .

   【答案】it

   【解析】句意：當我對這種食品有了更多了解的時候，我開始明白它為什么有這種特色。設空處指代the food,在why引導的賓語從句中作主語，故填it

3. (2019遼寧鞍山一中三模，70)So in the spirit of my American holiday , I silently gave a moment of thanks for having such great in-laws , who cared enough to listen to____________________ daughter-in-law talk about Thanksgiving Day.

   【答案】their

   【解析】設空處作定語，根據(jù)in-laws可知，應填形容詞性物主代詞their,修飾 daughter-in-law。

4. (2019陜西咸陽二模，47)There is also a growing trend towards marrying later: since 2013, the number of couples aged 25 to 29 has been greater than____________________ of younger couples.

   【答案】that

   【解析】句意：人們晚婚的趨勢也越來越明顯：2013年以來，25到29歲的夫婦的數(shù)量一直都多于更為年輕的夫婦的數(shù)量。設空處指代the number,表示同類異物，故用that。

5. (2019遼寧遼南協(xié)作體二模，)You may even find____________________possible to lose weight by doing some activities while sitting at your desk

   【答案】it

   【解析】設空處作形式賓語，不定式短語 to lose weight...為真正的賓語，possible為賓語補足語，故填it。

   6.(2018黑龍江齊齊哈爾一模，69)In a Weibo post,he thanked netizens for _____________________(they) love and praise.

   【答案】their

   ?【解析】句意：在一個微博上他對網(wǎng)友的關愛和贊許表示了感謝。設空處要限定love and praise,故填形容詞性物主代詞their。

   7.(2018吉林長春一模，64)In his letter,Jin introduced____________________(he)and Yiwu.

   【答案】himself

   【解析】句意：在他的信中，Jin介紹了自己和義烏。主語和賓語是同一個人，故賓語采用反身代詞形式himself。

   8..(2018甘肅天水一中一模，50)We can overcome the problems that challenge us or we can enjoy____________________(we) by avoiding all difficulties.

   【答案】ourselves

   【解析】句意：我們可以戰(zhàn)勝挑戰(zhàn)我們的困難，也可以回避所有的困難，從而愉快地生活。enjoy oneself為固定短語，意為“過得愉快”，根據(jù)主語we可知填ourselves。

   二、(用所給詞的適當形式填空）

   It was late at night. Two________1____________(German) were sleeping in their room when suddenly, one of them, Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three thousand________2____________ (dollar) in her pocket."What should I do?Many________3____________(thief)usually bring _________4___________(knife)with them,"she thought in ____________5________( silent ) . And at the same time the thief happened to touch a_________6___________(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went out to the next room where two _______________7_____ ( Frenchman ) were sleeping . When he was looking for ____________7________ (money) or some _________8___________ ( jewel) in the nextroom, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the___________10_________ (police). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police showed up.Before the thief ran away,the police caught him.For Mrs. Green, it was really an unusual experience.

   ?

   1【答案】.Germans

   【解析】設空處前有數(shù)詞Two,故設空處需用名詞復數(shù)形式German的復數(shù)為Germans。

   2【答案】.dollars

   【解析】dollar為可數(shù)名詞，由three thousand可知，此處用復數(shù)形式

   3【答案】.thieves

   【解析】由前面的Many可知應用復數(shù)。thief的復數(shù)形式為thieves。

   4【答案】.knives

   【解析】knife是可數(shù)名詞，由語境可知此處應用復數(shù)形式表泛指。knife的復數(shù)形式為knives。

   5【答案】.silence

   【解析】介詞后需用名詞。in silence為固定詞組，意為：沉默地。

   6【答案】.sports

   【解析】名詞作定語時一般用單數(shù)形式，但有的名詞需用復數(shù)形a sports suit運動服。

1. 【答案】Frenchmen

   【解析】Frenchman的復數(shù)形式為Frenchmen。

   8【答案】.money

   【解析】money為不可數(shù)名詞。

   9【答案】.jewels/jewelry

   【解析】 jewel的復數(shù)形式為jewels;jewelry為不可數(shù)名詞，珠寶的總稱。

   10【答案】.police

   【解析】police表示“警方，警察部門”。call the police打電話。

   ?

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