?第五講 詞義猜測類專項練習(xí)

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【分類真題】

(2019年全國卷II.A）

My Favourite Books

Jo Usmar is a writer for Cosmopolitan?and co-author of the This Book Will?series（系列）of lifestyle books. Here she picks her top reads.

Matilda

Roald Dahl

I once wrote a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me a new appreciation for his strange and delightful words. Matilda's battles with her cruel parents and the bossy headmistress, Miss Trunchbull，are equally fumy and frightening, but they're also aspirational.

After Dark

Haruki Murakami

It’s about two sisters — Eri, a model who either won’t or can’t stop sleeping, and Mari, a young student. In trying to connect to her sister, Mari starts changing her life and discovers a world of diverse "night people" who are hiding secrets.

Gone Girl

Gillian Flynn

There was a bit of me that didn't want to love this when everyone else on the planet did, but the horror story is brilliant. There's tension and anxiety from the beginning as Nick and Amy battle for your trust. It's a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what's going on is horribly enjoyable.

The Stand

Stephen King

This is an excellent fantasy novel from one of the best storytellers around. After a serious flu outbreak wipes out 99.4% of the world's population, a battle unfolds between good and evil among those left. Randall Flagg is one of the scariest characters ever.

21. Who does "I" refer to in the text?

?A. Stephen King. B. Gillian Flynn. C. Jo Usmar. D. Roald Dahl.

【答案】.C

【解析】詞義猜測題。本題題干意為：文章中的“I”指的是誰？根據(jù)第一段可知本文是作者JoUsmar的書評。根據(jù)Matilda中的“Ionce wrote

a paper on the influence of fairy tales on Roald Dahl's writing and it gave me...”可知，此處I指的是JoUsmar,故選C項。其他幾項都是文章中提到的幾本書的作者。

22. Which of the following tells about Mari and Eri?

???A.?Cosmopolitan. B. Matilda. C. After Dark. D. The Stand.

【答案】.C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：下面哪個選項講述了Mari和Eri?

在文章有關(guān)After Dark的書評中，作者介紹了Eri和Mari,因此C項正確。A項Cosmopolitan是作者介紹JoUsmar時提及的她的一本書。B項和D項是書評介紹中的兩本書。

23. What kind of book is Gone?Girl?

?A.A folk tale. B.A biography. C.A love story. D.A horror story.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：Gone Girl是一本什么樣的書？根據(jù)文章 Gone Girl部分的介紹，尤其是“but the horror story is brilliant"可知，這本書是關(guān)于恐怖故事的，故D項正確。A:民間傳說；B:傳記；C:愛情故事。

(2019年全國卷I.B）

For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.

But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a ?pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.

A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.

Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂ Whaley explains, ＂especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’＂

Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.

＂Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,＂ Whaley says, ＂is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.＂

24. What made Chris nervous？

A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.

C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.

【答案】.B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本題題干意為：什么使Chris緊張？根據(jù)第一段第一句（……今天是演講日，現(xiàn)在輪到Chris Palaez了）和第二段第一句(但是他很緊張）可知，B項正確。A:講故事；C:參加考試；D:回答問題

25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂ in paragraph 2 refer to?

A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.

【答案】.A

【解析】詞義猜測題。本題題干意為：第二段中的畫線單詞 stumbles 指代什么？根據(jù)第二段中的“you should...should..."Chris trips on the"-ld,"...可知，他有些發(fā)音上的問題。又根據(jù)Except for some stumbles,Chris is doing amazingly well.可知，Chris總體上很好，但是有些不合適的停頓。故A選項（不合適的停頓）正確。B:不禮貌；C:拼寫錯誤；D:愚蠢的笑話。

26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.

A. help students see their own strengths

B. assess students’ public speaking skills

C. prepare students for their future jobs

D. inspire students’ love for politics

【答案】.A

【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：我們可以推斷出Whaley的項目的目的是_。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句（他想要這些孩子學(xué)會夸耀自己）可知答案為A項（幫助學(xué)生看到他們自己的優(yōu)點）。B:評價學(xué)生的公眾演講技巧；C:讓學(xué)生為他們未來的工作做準(zhǔn)備；D:激勵學(xué)生熱愛政治。

27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?

A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.

【答案】.C

【解析】推理判斷題。本題題干意為：下面哪一個詞最能描述Whaley作為一個老師所具有的品質(zhì)？根據(jù)第二段他低聲耳語支持學(xué)生、第五段中他想讓學(xué)生夸耀自己和第六段中他認(rèn)為夸耀自己和自己最好的品質(zhì)對一個沒有自信的孩子是很難的，可知他理解、關(guān)心學(xué)生們，故選C項（關(guān)心他人的）。A:幽默的；B:有雄心的；D:苛求的，要求高的。

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(2018年全國卷II.B）

Many of us love July because it's the month when nature's berries and stone fruits are in abundance. These colourful and sweet jewels from British Columbia's fields are little powerhouses of nutritional protection.

Of the common berries, strawberries are highest in vitamin C, although, because of their seeds, raspberries contain a little more protein (蛋白質(zhì))， iron and zinc（not that fruits have much protein). Blueberries are particularly high in antioxidants(抗氧化物質(zhì)). The yellow and orange stone fruits such as peaches are high in the carotenoids we turn into vitamin A and which are antioxidants, As for cherries (櫻花). they are so delicious who cares? However ,they are rich in vitamin C.

When combined with berries or slices of other fruits. frozen bananas make an excellent base for thick, cooling fruit shakes and low fat “ice cream”. For this purpose, select ripe bananas for freezing as they are much sweeter. Remove the skin and place them in plastic bags or containers and freeze If you like, a squeeze of fresh lemon juice on the bananas will prevent them turning brown. Frozen bananas will last several weeks, depending on their ripeness and the temperature of the freezer.

If you have a juicer, you can simply feed in frozen bananas and some berries or sliced fruit. Out comes a“soft-serve” creamy dessert, to be eaten right away. This makes a fun activity for a children's party； they love feeding the fruit and frozen bananas into the top of the machine and watching the ice cream come out below.

24. What does the author seem to like about cherries?

A. They contain protein.

B. They are high in vitamin A.

C. They have a pleasant taste.

D. They are rich in antioxidants.

【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干意為：作者似乎喜歡櫻桃的什么？根據(jù)第二最后兩句話（至于櫻桃，它們那么美味可口，誰在乎呢？然而，它們含維他命C。）可知作者喜歡櫻桃的美味可口，所以答案為C項。

25. Why is fresh lemon juice used in freezing bananas？

A. To make them smell better.

B. To keep their colour.

C. To speed up their ripening

D. To improve their nutrition.

【答案】.B

【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：為什么在冷凍香蕉時要加點新鮮的檸檬汁根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句話（如果你喜歡的話，擠一點新鮮的檸檬汁到香上會防止它們變成褐色。）可推斷出這么做是為了保持香蕉本來的顏所以答案為B項。A項：為了讓它們更好聞；C項：為了加速它們的成熟D項：為了增加它們的營養(yǎng)。這三項均與原文描述不符。

26. What is “a juicer”in the last paragraph?

A. A dessert. ????????????B. A drink.

C. A container. ?????????D. A machine.

【答案】.D

【解析】詞義猜測題。題干意為：最后一段的“a juicer”是什么？根據(jù)最后一段第一句和第二句話的描述（如果你有一個榨汁機(jī)的話，你就把凍的香蕉和一些漿果或者切成片的水果放進(jìn)去。就會出來一種軟軟的奶油狀的甜品，要馬上吃掉哦。）可以推斷出畫線部分是一種能制作果汁樣食品的機(jī)器，所以答案為D項。

27. From which is the text probably taken?

A. A biology textbook. ???????B. A health magazine.

C. A research paper. ???????D. A travel brochure.

【答案】.B

【解析】推理判斷題。題干意為：這篇文章可能選自什么？根據(jù)第一段第二句話的描述（這些來自不列顛哥倫比亞省土地上的色彩鮮艷的甜甜的寶貝就是營養(yǎng)保護(hù)的小集團(tuán)。）再結(jié)合后文描述的幾種富含各維生素的水果，我們可以推斷出本文是來自與健康營養(yǎng)相關(guān)的書，即一本健康雜志，所以答案為B項。A項：一本生物課本；C項：一篇研空論文.D項.一本旅游冊子。這三項與文章主題不符。

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【模擬優(yōu)題】

(2019陜西咸陽一模，B)

Coffee is an essential part of Italian culture and since arriving here over six months ago, I have definitely drunk a lot of it !

Of course, coffee is also very popular in the UK but coffee culture in Italy is a completely different story. In Italy, when you order a coffee in a cafe or bar, you are presented with a tiny,bitter espresso(蒸餾咖啡）.This is'normal coffee'for Italians and they are not so interested in the huge coffees that we drink in the UK. In addition, while take-away coffee is extremely popular among the British, it is not very common at all in Italy, especially in non-touristy areas. Generally, Italians prefer to drink their tiny coffees while standing at the bar and,for many, this short break is an important part of their day.

Typically, breakfast in a bar in Italy involves a coffee and a pastry. I have been attracted by the lovely cafes in the Italian town I'm living in. These cafes sell all sorts of mouth-watering pastries, either plain or filled with cream, chocolate, jam or Nutella,as well as delicious coffee. Cappuccinos are very popular at breakfast time and, for me, a creamy cappuccino and a pastry full of Nutella is the perfect way to start the day. I think it's nice to head to a bar to grab a coffee and pastries for breakfast before work and it's luxury to take more time to enjoy such a breakfast at the weekend.

Finally, I have found that coffee in Italy is so much cheaper than coffee in the UK. Normally, an espresso or a macchiato(an espresso with a small amount of milk added)costs around a euro and a cappuccino about 1.50! They are small, of course, but this means that in Italy it is possible to go out for coffee regularly without breaking the bank.

1.What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 2?

A.Espresso is very popular in Italy.

B.Italians prefer small coffees to large ones.

C. Coffee culture in Italy is very different from that in the UK.

D. Italians have more time spent in cafes than the British people.

【答案】.C

【解析】推理判斷題。第二段的首句為段落主題句，本段介紹了意大利咖啡文化與英國咖啡文化的差異，故C項與本段內(nèi)容相符。

2. The underlined word "pastry" in Paragraph 3 probably is______.

A.a container to provide cream

B.some attractive fruit

C.a powder to be mixed with coffee

D.a dessert served for breakfast

【答案】.D

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第三段第三句These cafes sell all sorts of mouth-watering pastries, either plain or filled with cream, chocolate,jam or Nutella,as well as delicious coffee.可以得知，咖啡館不僅提供美味的咖啡，還提供各種令人飯涎欲滴的食物，或者不帶餡，或者帶有奶油、巧克力、果醬等餡。由此可推斷此處指和咖啡一起當(dāng)作早餐食用的甜點，故D項正確。

3.Which of the following best describes coffee in Italy?

A.Drinking coffee in cafes is expensive.

B. Coffee is not allowed to be taken out.

C.Italian coffee is mainly imported from the UK.

D. Coffee often comes along with other food as breakfast.

【答案】.D

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的敘述可知，在意大利咖啡經(jīng)常和其他食物一起當(dāng)作早餐，故D項正確。根據(jù)最后一段可知意大利的咖啡比英國的咖啡便宜很多，故排除A項；第二段提到在意大利，咖啡外賣是不常見到的，并不意味著不允許外賣，故排除B項；文章并未提到意大利咖啡是從英國進(jìn)口的，故排除C項。

4 What is the author's attitude towards Italian coffee?

A.Positive.

B.Disapproving.

C.Doubtful.

D.Uncertain.

【答案】.A

【解析】推理判斷題。文章介紹了意大利的咖啡文化，咖啡可作為早餐的一部分，讓人們享受到快樂的時光，而且價格較低，根據(jù)文章第三段第二句I have been attracted by the lovely cafes in the Italian town I'm living in.可推斷作者對意大利咖啡持有肯定的態(tài)度。

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(2019遼寧撫順一模，C)

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While many countries love their tea, UK citizens are particularly proud of being "tea people". The average UK citizen consumes nearly 2 kilograms of tea each year.Tea only made its way to England in large quantities in the first years of the 17th century. Tea from China and a few other Asian countries was being sold more widely in England at that time. Then tea became more and more popular among different social classes.

There are many varieties of tea. Black tea mixtures are still the most common type drunk in the UK. Black tea is dark in colour,because the leaves have been allowed to oxidize(氧化）before drying. This is why we usually serve it with milk,although it is not uncommon to drink it black or with lemon.

You may still find tea made with loose tea leaves, served up in a pot, and poured into the best china cups with saucers(茶托）for visitors.

Tea is still a large part of daily life in the UK today, but it seems to be on the decrease . The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002, and has been dropping ever since. Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014alone, and most restaurants report selling more than twice as many cups of coffee as they do tea. More than f1 billion was spent on coffee in high street stores in 2013, more than twice what was spent on tea bags.

Still , what goes around comes around ; it's sure to become fashionable again.

1.Which of the following is true according to the first three paragraphs?

A.Tea made its way to England in the early years of the 16th entury

B.The UK usually serves black tea with lemon

C.Tea from China is being sold more widely in England now.

D.UK citizens take pride in being"tea people".

【答案】.D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段的While many countries love their tea, UK citizens are particularly proud of being "tea people".可知D項與文章內(nèi)容相符。

2.What can we infer from the fourth paragraph?

A.Tea sales fell by 6% in 2014 alone.

B.The sales of tea have been on the decrease for about 20 years.

C.In 2013, the money spent on tea was f 3 billion.

D. Most restaurants like selling tea than coffee.

【答案】.B

?【解析】推理判斷題。由文章第四段的The amount of tea sold in the UK fell by more than 10% in the five years leading up to 2002, and has been dropping ever since.可知B項正確。A項為文章原句，不屬于推斷內(nèi)容。

3.What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph?

A.It can never succeed again.

B.Tea can become popular again.

C. Coffee is more popular than tea.

D.Tea is becoming less popular.

【答案】.B

【解析】詞義猜測題。由文章最后一段Still,what goes around comes around;it's sure to become fashionable again.可知，加下劃線的句子后面是分號，分號后的句子與此處意思相同，即茶肯定能夠再次流行起來，B項與該句內(nèi)容一致。

4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A.To introduce tea in the UK.

B.To show the author's preference for tea.

C.To introduce the functions of tea.

D.To compare tea in China and the UK.

【答案】.A

【解析】推理判斷題。通過全文內(nèi)容可知，文章介紹了英國茶的相關(guān)事宜，包括茶的歷史、種類、飲茶方式以及茶的銷量，A項符合文章主旨

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(2019吉林遼源二模）

I was in the Santa Cruz Mountains not long ago, speaking and singing at a women's conference. We were focusing on the theme of loving others in practical ways through our gifts, and something in particular happened during one of the sessions will remain imprinted on my memory

A young Syrian woman(Lilith)was invited to the conference at the last minute, and everyone seemed surprised and delighted that she'd actually come. Just a few days earlier,Lilith had fled her country and found refuge with one of the women attending the conference. As an orthodox Christian in Syria, she and her loved ones had become targets for violent terrorist groups in the country's ongoing civil war.

Lilith had witnessed horrors no one of her young age should ever see and decided to leave her home and her family to fi safety here in America. Her story broke my heart.

Lilith's story touched all of us, including Pam, who was a quilt maker. Pam had just finished a beautiful quilt, and had brought it with her. She, along with a few of the leaders,decided to give it to Lilith as a symbol of their comfort and love.

During our last session, Lilith was called forward and prayed for , hugged , and wrapped up in that beautiful quilt .thought of the many hours Pam undoubtedly spent working or it, and the terrible events that led Lilith to this moment-surrounded by beauty and love the quilt embodied. I wept. Wher they told her it was for her, she wept.

1.What is the purpose of the women's conference?

A.To help others in a practical way

B.To win equal rights for women.

C.To get together to dance and sing.

D.To exchange gifts with each other.

【答案】.A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的We were focusing on the theme of lov-ing others in practical ways through our gifts可知，本次會議的主題是通過贈送禮物等實際的方式來關(guān)愛他人，A項符合文章內(nèi)容。

2.Why did Lilith go to America?

A.To attend the women's conference.

B.To find safety.

C.To find her family.

D.To find a better job.

【答案】.B ?

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的 decided to leave her home and her family to find safety here in America.可知，她決定離開家鄉(xiāng)和親人來到美國，是為了尋求安全，故B項正確。

3.From this passage,we know that the writer

A.enthusiastic

B.sympathetic

C.intelligent

D.talented

【答案】.B ?

【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，得知她的故事后，“我”心都碎了，由此可以推斷出，“我”是個有同情心的人，故B項正確。enthusiastic熱情的；intelligent聰明的；talented有才能的。

4.What is the meaning of the underlined word?

A.A place of interest. B.A place of danger.

C.A place of trust.

D.A place of shelter.

【答案】.D

【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，敘利亞正在發(fā)生內(nèi)戰(zhàn)，Lilith成為攻擊目標(biāo)，所以逃離自己的國家避難，故D項正確。

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