高考英語必考點：考點妙解非謂語動詞

典型例題

????近年來，高考試題中主要考查了v-ing 形式作原因狀語、伴隨狀語、結(jié)果狀語的情況。高考試題中也曾出現(xiàn)過對于補足語的考查，考題設(shè)計巧妙、靈活、綜合性強。這要求考生正確理解題意，從語法結(jié)構(gòu)、習慣用法及具體語境等多方面進行分析。不能孤立地看某一語法知識，而要弄懂整個句子，并通過所給的信息進行分析、推理，從而作出正確的判斷。

????1．考查非謂語動詞的試題常常考查一些常用動詞以及特殊動詞對其后非謂語動詞的形式(不定式、過去分詞及v-ing形式)的不同要求。有時也涉及到非謂語動詞的完成式和否定式。在做非謂語試題時可以分三個步驟：(1)分析句子成分；(2)搞清非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的關(guān)系；(3)確定行為時間及先后順序等。

2．高考對非謂語動詞的測試方向：(1)不定式的完成式、被動式和進行式；(2)不定式的省略；(3)測試只能接動名詞的動詞和接動名詞、不定式有區(qū)別的動詞的用法；(4)現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補、作定語、作狀語的用法；(5)測試非謂語動詞的否定式。

應(yīng)試同分瓶頸

????1．非謂語動詞的用法是一個系統(tǒng)性、綜合性很強的語言點，切不可記住幾個條條框框就去亂套。真正領(lǐng)悟非謂語動詞的用法要具備以下基礎(chǔ)知識：

????(1)具有句子結(jié)構(gòu)的知識，要分得清簡單句與復(fù)合句，陳述句與祈使句。

????(2)具有簡單句最基本的五種句型的知識，要分得清雙賓語和復(fù)合賓語。

????(3)具有扎實而豐富的動詞知識，要分得清及物動詞和不及物動詞，雙賓動詞和復(fù)賓動詞。一些最基礎(chǔ)最常用的動詞的用法應(yīng)當爛熟于胸。[來源:Z|xx|k.Com]

????(4)具備各種復(fù)合句的知識，能夠拆析s。詞左右長度的復(fù)合長、難句。

????2．解答考查非謂語動詞的題目時，一定要保持頭腦冷靜。一般要遵循以下解題思路：

????(1)解析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，確定設(shè)空在句子中充當?shù)墓δ?如狀語、定語或賓補)；(2)找準相關(guān)動詞的邏輯主語，確定該動詞與邏輯主語是什么關(guān)系(主動還是被動)；(3)搜索句子中相關(guān)的時間信息，確定非謂語動詞的恰當形式；(4)將該選項置入空中，看是否能夠做到字從意順，或是否能傳達有效信息、完成交際任務(wù)。 ???

◎命題點1 ???動詞不定式

◎命題點2 ???動名詞

◎命題點3 ???分詞

命題點1 ?動詞不定式

本類考題解答錦囊

????不定式短語在介詞but，except，besides后面時，如果這些詞之前有行為動詞do的名詞形：式，那么，這些分詞后的不定式不帶to，否則要帶to。例如：①She could do no thing but cry．②what do you like to do besides swim? ???③I have no choice but to go． ???不定式在句中用主動式還是被動式，多數(shù)情況下是容易判別的，但有時的確比較復(fù)雜，請注意以；下幾點：①不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式邏輯上構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系時，不定式往往用主動形式。例如： ?

????Have you got a key to unlock the door? ?(A key unlocks the door．)②不定式和它前面被修飾的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，又和該句主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時，不定式常用主動形式。例如： ???

????a．I have got a 1etter to write．(I write a 1etter．)

????b. He needS a room to 1ive in．(He lives in a room．) ???

????c．I know what to do．(I do what．)但這句如改為下列形式，不定式就得用被動形式：I know what is to be done．這是因為what is to be done是賓語從句，從句中的主語what是動詞do的動作對象。 ??

????③不定式作表語形容詞的狀語，和句中主語構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系時，不定式多用主動形：式，這是因為人們往往認為形容詞后省去了for one或for people。例如： ??

????a．He is hard to talk to．(to talk to him．) ???

????b．The book is difficult to understand．(to understand the book．) ???

????但如果強調(diào)句中的受動者時，亦可用不定式被動式。 ???

????例如： ???

????The handwriting is very difficult to be read． ???

命題點2 ?動名詞本類考題解答錦囊

????對于動名詞，我們要求掌握以下幾點：

????①admit，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，face，feel，like，nnish，forgiVe，give up，imagine，include，keep，mentioh，mind，miss，practlse，put off，resist，risk， suggest，can'thelp，can’ststand礙于(無法忍受)等動詞后可以用動名詞作賓語，但不能用不定式。 ???

????②forget，goon，like，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等動詞可帶動名詞或不定式作賓語，但意義上有區(qū)別。例如：

????a．I remember doing the exerciSe．

????我記得做過練習。

????b．I must remember to do it.

????我必須記著去做這事。

????c.I tried not to go there．

????我設(shè)法不去那里。

????d．I tried doing it again．

????我試著又干了一次。

????e．StOp speaking．

????不要講話。

????f．He stopped to talk．

????他停下來講話。

????g．I mean to come early today．

????我打算今天旱些來。

????h．MiSsing the train means waiting for another hour．

????誤了這趟火車意昧著再等一個小時。

????③在a110w，adVise，forbid，permit等動詞后直接跟動詞作賓語時，要用動名詞形式，如果后面有名詞或代詞作賓語，然后再跟動詞作賓語補足語時，其賓語補足語用帶to的不定式。例如：

????a. We don’t a11ow smoking here．

????b．We don’t allow students to smoke.

????④動詞need，require，want作“需要”解，其后跟動詞作它的賓語時，必須用動名詞或不定式的被動式。這時，動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。例如：

????The window needs(requires，wants)cleaning(to be cleaned)．

命題點3 ?分 ?詞

本類考題解答錦囊

????分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。它們的用法是截然不同的?？忌鷳?yīng)注意以下內(nèi)容：

????表示人的心理感受的動詞，在高中英語課本中出現(xiàn)得最多，如please，delight，satisfy，inspire，encourage，excote，interest，move，touch，frighten，surpriSe，astoniSh，puzzle，disappoint，山scourage，trouble，worry，tire等詞，一般說來，斗ng形式具有使動意義，表示“使人感到／覺得……”，而-ed形式表示某人“因……覺得……”，如：The frightened girl sat in the corner，crying．這類分詞實際上已當形容詞使用了。例如：

????We are interested in these interesting books．

????分詞短語作狀語時，其邏輯主語必須與句子的主語一致。如果與句子主語不一致，那么分詞短語就需要有自己的邏輯主語，且要用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式來表達。

“have+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”表示主體使客體處于某狀態(tài)或干什么事；“have+賓語+過去分詞”表示動作是別人做的或與主體意志無關(guān)。

Ⅰ高考最新熱門題

1.(典型例題海卷)It shames me to say it，but l told a lie when______at the meeting by my boss．

????A.questioning ???B. having questioned

C.questioned ????D. to bequestioned

命題目的與解題技巧：該題考查非謂語動詞。

【解 析】 ??根據(jù)非謂語動詞的動作與句子主語的關(guān)系，可排除選項A、B；根據(jù)句子謂語動詞與非謂動詞所表示的動作先后關(guān)系，答案選C，表被動及完成。

【答 案】 ??C

2.(典型例題海卷)Alice returned from the manager's office,______ me that the boss wanted to see me at once.

A. having told ???B. tells ?????C. to tell ???D. telling

答案：D ?指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)排除選項B，根據(jù)句子謂語動詞所表示的動作與非謂語動詞所表示的動作的時間順序，答案選D.

3.(典型例題) Laws that punish parents for their little ?children's actions against the laws get parents______.

A. worried ??????B. to worry ??C. worrying D. worry ????

?答案：A ?指導(dǎo)：get接賓語補足語表賓語的動作、狀態(tài)、身份等。賓語與補足語是被動的主謂關(guān)系，而過去分詞正好表被動意義，故答案選九getsh worried意思是：讓某人擔憂。

4.(典型例題______the programme, they have to stay ?there for another two weeks.

??????A. Not completing ??????????????B. Not completed

C. Not having completed ????????D. Having not completed

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)非謂語動詞的否定形式的構(gòu)成，排除選項D；根據(jù)非謂語動詞與句子主語的關(guān)系，排除B；根據(jù)句子的意思，沒有完成計劃的動作應(yīng)發(fā)生在havetostay動作之前，故答案選C

5.(典型例題 The news reporters burried to the airport,only______the film stars had left.

??????A. to tell ???B. to be told ????C. telling ???D. told

答案：B ?指導(dǎo)：根據(jù)句子的意思，記者們趕到機場時發(fā)現(xiàn)意外的結(jié)果，因此，排除C、D根據(jù)與句子的關(guān)系，不是記者告訴他人，而是人家告訴記者，故答案選B.

Ⅱ 題點經(jīng)典類型題

1. (典型例題)______by the beauty of nature, the girl fronm ?London decided to spend another two days on the farm.

???????A. Attracting ????????????????B. Attracted

C. To be attracted ???????????D. Having attracted

命題目的與解題技巧:該題考查非謂語動詞。

2.(典型例題______with such great difficulty,Jack felt at a loss ______.

???????A.Facing;what to say ??????[來源:Zxxk.Com]

???????B. Faced;what to say

???????C. Having faced;how to tell

???????D. Being faced;how to speak

答案：B ?指導(dǎo)：befaced with是一個固定短語，表示主句主語與face是被動關(guān)系，故此處需填入一個過去分詞作狀語，D項中beingfaced為動名詞的被動形式，顯然不對。

3.(典型例題_____ ,we were taken to see the library.

???????A. We had been shown the classrooms[來源:Z.xx.k.Com]

???????B. Being shown the classrooms

???????C. Having been shown the classrooms

?????D. Having shown the classrooms

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：句意：我們先被領(lǐng)著看了教室，又被帶去看圖書室。首先，句子主語與show之間構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。因此可排除D項；A項為句子，需要加連詞連接兩個分句；B項相當于While we were being shown the classrooms，雖然與后面的時間上有沖突，故只有C項正確。

4.(典型例題考)With online course Crazy English has over 20 million students all over China ______the class through Intemet.

?????A. attend ????????????????B. attended

C. attending ?????????????D. to be attending

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：由句意知Crazy English擁有2千萬的學生參加學習，可知應(yīng)用-ing形式表伴隨結(jié)果，所以C正確。

5.(典型例題考) Tom looked at Jenny, tears______ his eyes,and shouted out the words______in his heart for

?????years.

?????A. filling;having been hidden B. filled;hidden

C. filling;hidden ????????????D. filled; hiding

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：由句意知Crazy English擁有2千萬的學生參加學習，可知應(yīng)用-ing形式表伴隨結(jié)果，所以C正確。

Ⅰ高考最新熱門題?

1. ?Everyone here will thank the fneflghters for the things they ?have done to prevent fires______the enviroranent safer.

????A. make ?????????????????????B. to making

C. to make ??????????????????D. from making

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：不定式結(jié)構(gòu)表結(jié)果，表示主觀愿望和客觀結(jié)果之間相差太遠，所以C正確。

2. ?______to give up smoking,he threw away his______ cigarettes.

?????A. Determined; remained ????B. Determined; remaining

C. Determining; remained ???D. Determining; remaining

答案：B ?指導(dǎo)：由句意“他已經(jīng)決定要戒煙，所以扔掉了剩下的煙”判定B正確。

3. --Is that the laundry? I have some clothes______.

???--Leave them in your room, please, and we're going to fetch them soon.

?????A. to wash ?????????????????B. to be washed

C. washed ??????????????????D. washing

答案：B ?指導(dǎo)：have這里作“有”解，而不是使役動詞，所以C項是 不恰當?shù)??！皉并不是"wash"的主語，因此這里應(yīng)當用不定式的被動形式作定語。

4. --The English exam is not difficult, is it? --______ Even Tom ______to the top students failed in it.

?????A. Yes; belonged ???????????B. No; belonged[來源:Zxxk.Com][來源:學§科§網(wǎng)Z§X§X§K]

C. Yes; belonging ??????????D. No; beloning

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：由上、下句可知英語考試很難，先排除B、D；再由Tom和belong是主動關(guān)系，所以C正確。

5. At the end of 20典型例題re were around 3,000 foreign ?printing companies in China,______ up around 2 percent

?????of national total.

?????A. made ????????????????????B. to make

C. making ??????????????????D. having made

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：-ing分詞作狀語，對前面的3，000 foreign eompanies／補充說明的作用。

6. --Really nice_______you. I'm going to miss you.

?????--Don't forget to give me a ring,will you?

?????A. knows ???????????????????B. to know

C. to have known ???????????D. knew[來源:Z.xx.k.Com]

答案：C ?指導(dǎo)：句意：認識你很好。Reallynicetohaveknownyou ?是一個省略句，句子的真正主語是tohaveknownyou，形式主語it和is都已省去，通常見面時說：Nice to see／meet ?you．分別時用不定式的完成時態(tài)。此處情景是分別。

探究性命題綜合測試

考場熱身

1. --Why are they pulling down the houses?

???--______a new parking lot.

?????A. Build ???????????????????B. To build

C. Building ????????????????D. Built

答案：?B ?指導(dǎo)：用tobuild表示目的。

2. After______ for the job, you will be required to take a language test.[來源:Z&xx&k.Com]

????A. being interviewed ???B. interviewed

C. interviewing ????????D. having interviewed [來源:學科網(wǎng)]

答案：A ?指導(dǎo)：aftenbeing interviewed接受過求職面職后，after 在這里是介詞。

3.Alan, ______home very late from his job, found an angry wife waiting for him at breakfast.

????A. returning ????????????????B. returned

C. to return ????????????????D. had returned

答案：A ?指導(dǎo)：returninghome現(xiàn)在分詞作時間狀語。

4.The two presidentsagree with each other on the whole,but much remains______at the following meeting.[來源:Z_xx_k.Com]

????A. discussing ???????????????B. discussed

C. to discuss ???????????????D. to be discussed

答案：D ?指導(dǎo)：much和discuss之間的關(guān)系為被動，意為“但是仍然有許多事待討論。

5. He is looking forward to ______ what is happening over there.

A. see ?????B. seeing ???????C. seen ?????D. saw

答案：A ?指導(dǎo)：此題易誤選B，如選B，意義上(他盼望著看正在那兒發(fā)生的事情)明顯不正確。正確理解應(yīng)該是：他往前面看去，想看一看那兒正在發(fā)生什么事。

6. When he got off the bus, he found his pocket______.

A. stolen ???B. picked ????C. gone ?????D. missing

答案：B指導(dǎo)：注意動賓搭配pickthepocket，stealthewallet．

7. --Dear Frank, when will our wedding be?

???--"Ah, when? God knows!"he said, and______away ?from her, walked rapidly away.

A. turning ?B. turned ?????C. turn ?????D. to turn

答案：A ?指導(dǎo)：and連接后面的walked，walked和said一起構(gòu)成并列謂語所以把turningaway看作walked的伴隨狀語，比女口Hehuriedup，hopingtogetthere?on?time

8. --Where have you been all day?

???--We some beautiful children and we couldn't get away from them until it was dark.

?????A. met ?????????????????????B. meet

C. have met ????????????????D. have been meeting

答案：A ?指導(dǎo)：時態(tài)參考后邊couldn'tgetaway可得出結(jié)論，做時態(tài)題，必須找好參照點，也就是時間詞，或已在句中出現(xiàn)的時態(tài)。

9. The manager discussed the plan______ they would like to see______ the next year.

?????A. that; carried out ???????B. 不填;it carried out

C. that;carrying out ???????D. 不填;it carrying out

答案：A ?指導(dǎo)：句子結(jié)構(gòu)可理解為theywouldliketoseetheplan carriedout．

10. Her______wealth is in fact a very small sum.

??????A. supposing ??????????????B. supposed

??????C. to suppose ?????????????D. suppose

答案：B ?指導(dǎo)：A項supposing是連詞，C項若作定語則要放在所修飾詞的后面，D項因此處不需要謂語被排除。選項意為“他的財富不像別人想像的那樣多。”

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