專題5冠詞和數(shù)詞
考點一、不定冠詞的用法。
不定冠詞用a還是an由后面一個詞的首音決定。以元音開頭的詞前用an，以輔音（包括半元音，不是元音字母）開頭的詞前用a。
1.a和an均用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞之前，表示某一類人或事物。如：
A?dictionary is a?useful book.；An?underground train can start and stop quickly.
2.指某一類人或事物中的任何一個。如：This is a?book.；?He used to be an?engineer.
3．泛指某人或某物，但未具體說明何人、何物，如：A?boy is waiting for me.；Give me a?pen, please.
4.表示“每一”的意思，相當于every。如：Behind the house there is a?garden.；once a?week.
5.用于某些固定詞組中，如：a?few, a?little, a?lot of, a?number of, just a?minute, in a?hurry等。
考點二、定冠詞的用法。
1.指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：Open the?door, please.；Go and close the?window.
2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物，如：The?girl in red is my sister.；The?book on the desk is mine.
3.指前面提到過的人或事物，如：Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the?factory.
4.表示世界上獨一無二的事。如：the sun; the moon; the sky等。
5.用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級前,以及在方位詞前。如：The Nile is the?longest river in the world.
He won the?first prize.；The sun rises in the?east.
6.用在某些形容詞前，表示一類人或事物，如：the?rich, the?sick, the?new，the?false等。
7.用在姓氏復數(shù)之前，表示“某一家人”，“某某夫婦。如：the Lis, the Zhangs等。
8.在江河、海洋、山脈、湖泊、群島的名稱的前面，如：the?North China Plain，the?Rocky Mountains，the?Yangtse River等。
10.用于演奏的樂器之前。如：play?the?(violin\guitar\erfu\pianol\trumpet\.music)
11.用在某些專用名詞前，如：the?Great Wall，the?People’s Republic of China等。
12.在一些用語中，如：in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way等。
考點三、不用冠詞的情況
1.專有名詞人名，地名，節(jié)日，月份，年份，星期和不可數(shù)名詞。
2.球類，棋類，語言，三餐，游戲名稱和顏色前不加冠詞。
3.名詞前已有this, that, my, your, some, any, no, each, every等代詞作定語時，不用冠詞。
4.在表示家庭成員名稱，稱呼語，表示頭銜或職務(wù)的名詞前不加冠詞。
5.表示某一類人或事物的復數(shù)名詞前。
考點四、數(shù)詞的詞形。
（1）在1-12中，1-12為基數(shù)詞中的數(shù)詞；序數(shù)詞1-3為特殊變化，序數(shù)詞4-12在基數(shù)詞詞尾加-th。[注意?fifth (第五)；ninth (第九)和?twelfth (第十二)的特殊拼寫]。
（2）在13-19中，13-19基數(shù)詞在數(shù)詞3-9后加-teen構(gòu)成。其中13 和15 發(fā)生拼寫變化?：thirteen 和?fifteen ，相應(yīng)序數(shù)詞在基數(shù)詞后加-th構(gòu)成。13-19歲的少年用teens (in one’s teens在某人十多歲時)。
（3）在20-90整十位數(shù)，在基數(shù)詞2-9之后加-ty構(gòu)成。其中20、30、40、50拼法特殊。在構(gòu)成相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞時，將詞尾y變i，再加-eth。表示二十多歲等用twenty 等的復數(shù)twenties (in one’s twenties 在某人二十多歲時)。
（4）兩位數(shù)之間的數(shù)，由十位數(shù)加個位數(shù)構(gòu)成，中間用連字符。構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞時，連字符前為基數(shù)詞，后為序數(shù)詞。如：二十五?twenty-five; 第九十九?ninety-ninth.
（5）100以上數(shù)詞,整百位數(shù)由1-9加?hundred構(gòu)成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th；整千位數(shù)由1-9加thousand構(gòu)成，序數(shù)詞在詞尾加-th。在百位和個位之間須加and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one；1201 one thousand two hundred and one ，構(gòu)成序數(shù)詞只將最后一個數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。
考點五、基數(shù)詞及其用法。
1.表示一個具體數(shù)字。(o 念作?/o /或?zero)?此時，hundred, thousand, million, billion一律不用復數(shù)（在表示一個不確定數(shù)字時則用復數(shù)）；2.電話號碼（62083338）；3.事物表示編號順序?(名詞在前，如：Room 303; World War Two)；4.貨幣?(100 dollars)；5.度量?(50 kilos)；6.小數(shù)?(2.5 meters)；7.表示"幾十歲"，?例如：He died still in his forties；8.表示"年代"，用?in +the +數(shù)詞復。
考點六、序數(shù)詞及其用法。
1.序數(shù)詞表示順序，意思是“第幾”。前面要加定冠詞，例如：The first truck is carrying a foot baskets。
2.序數(shù)詞前面可加不定冠詞來表示“再一”，“又一”的意思，例如：I have to do it a second time。
3.表示分數(shù)時，分子用基數(shù)詞表示，分母用序數(shù)詞表示。分子大于1時，分母加-s。例如：
three fourths, one second, two fifths.
4.表示“日期”如：August 5th；May 1st.
注意:較為容易拼寫錯誤的序數(shù)詞及其縮寫形式：one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth。
縮寫形式：first→1st ?????second→2nd ??third→3rd??????fourth→4th ?twenty-second→22nd
一、單項填空。
1.It's time for dinner.???????Kings are at ???????table.
A. /,the ???B. the, the ???C. The,/ ????D./,/ ?
2.—What do you usually have for breakfast?
—I often have ???????bread and ???????milk.
A./,/ ??????B./,the ?????C. a,/ ??????D. the, the ?
3.Don't give up, try for ???????second twice.
A. the ?????B. a ???????C./ ????????D. an ?
4.Would you go for ???????walk with me after ???????supper?
A. the,/ ????B. a,/ ??????C./,the ?????D./,a ?
5.There isn't water or air on the moon, and ???????man can't live on it.
A. a ???????B. the ??????C. one ?????D./ ?
6.???????more you read English,???????better you'll learn.
A. The, the ????B./,/ ???????C. A, a ?????D. The, a ?
7.More college graduates would like to work in????west part of our country ????next year.
A. the, the ?????B./,/ ???????C./,the ?????D. the,/ ?
8.He hit his sister in ???????face.
A. the ????????B. her ????????C.× ????????D. his ?
9. John lives on ???????floor.
A.twenty ??????B. twentieth ???C. the twentieth ??D. the twentyth ??
10.---How many workers are there in your factory?
?????---There are two __________.
????A. hundreds ?B. hundred ?C. hundred of ?D. hundreds of
11.About ________ students in our class can describe that place in English.
????A. three-fifths ?B. three-fifth ?C. third-five ?D. third-fifths
12.---Can you write the number eighty-five thousand, six hundred and twenty-six?
?????---Yes, it is __________.
????A. 856620 ?B. 85626 ?C. 58662 ?D. 58626
13.When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _________.
????A. July 1, 1921 ?????????B. October 1, 1949
????C. August 1, 1927 ???????D. May 1, 1922
14._______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing 2008 Olympics.
????A. Thousand ?B. Thousands ?C. Thousand of ?D. Thousands of
15.Mr Zhang teaches at ???????Middle School.
A. a No.5 ?B.No.5 ?C. the No.5th ?D.5th No ?
二、在必要的地方用適當?shù)墓谠~(a, an, the,/)填空。??
1.There's ?????“u” and ?????“s” in ?????word “use”.
2.Oh, I saw ?????old woman sitting on a chair by the lake. Maybe she is.
3. The next morning, she went to ?????school without ??????breakfast.
4.I caught ?????bad cold and had to stay in ?????bed.
5. Is your pen??????black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
6.I’m going to see my mother. She is ill in??????hospital.
7.We have three meals ?????day. We have ?????breakfast at 6:30 in ?????morning.
8.Tina, could you please play?????piano for me while I’m singing？
9.What is ?????most useful invention in the 20th?century?
10. Can you see ?????one-eyed cow in ?????field?
三、用適當?shù)臄?shù)詞形式填空。??
1.We will have a _____ (two-month/two-months) holiday after the exam.
2._ ___(Thousand of/Thousands of) trees are cut down in the forests every year.
3. I'm very hungry, I have eaten two cakes, would you please give me?????(a third/the third) one?
4.??????(Three fourth/ Three fourths)of the land in the world is covered by water.
5.He has worked on the farm for ???????(two and half/ two and a half)years.
6.Xiao Mao and Da Mao are in ??????(Team Four/Four team).
7.We all think that the _____ (twenty-first/twentieth-first) century will bring us more hopes.
8.Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _____(three/third) one.
9.I heard the sports meeting has been put off until ____(the 3rd and 4th/ four and five), hasn’t it?
10. ____ (Two-third/ Two-thirds)is of the earth is made up of oceans.
四、詞語運用
根據(jù)需要在短文空格中填入適當?shù)墓谠~（a/ an/ the/x）
On?????fine morning in May, my classmates and I went to visit?????university. It is one of?????biggest universities in our city. We saw?????students of?????university were studying. We talked with?????old professor .He told us a lot about his university. At half past ten we said goodbye to?????professor of ?????university and came back to?????school. We had a good time that day because we learned a lot from?????visit.
五、完形填空
Do you have?a plan for your future? Our country has its plan. It sells what China hopes to do in next __1__ years.
The plan promises higher pay, better education and less pollution by __2__. If the promises all come true, Chinese people’s life will change__3__ lot.
According to the plan, __4__people in the country will benefit a lot. For example, __5__ government will offer safe drinking water to __6__ countryside people in 2010. __7__ of broad roads will be built to connect all towns and villages. So millions of people living in __8__ villages will soon drink running water instead of dirty well water.
As the?plan describe, China will make steps forward in __9__science. China spacemen will land on the earth. China might build its own big planes. If you go to university by air in 2010, you will probably find that __10__ plane is not from Boeing (波音) or Air Bus. It’s made in?China.
(?? ) 1. A. fifth B. five C. fives ????????D. fifteenths
(?? ) 2. A. the 2010 B. 2010th C. 2010 D. the 2010th
(?? ) 3. A. a?? ????????B.an ????C. the ????D. x
(?? ) 4. A. Four fifth ???????B. Four fifths ????C. Fours fifth D. Fours fifths
(?? ) 5. A. the ????????B. x C. a D. an
(?? )6. A.100s millions ????B.100s million ????C. 100 millions ?D. 100 million
(?? )7. A.1000s ???????B.1000th ????????C. Thousands ?D. Thousand
(?? )8. A.North Pole? ??????B.moon? ????C. the ?D. sun
(?? )9. A.the ? ???????????B.an ????????C. a ?D. x
(?? )10.A.x ??????????????B.a ?????????????C.an ????????????D.the
【參考答案】
一、CABBD ?ADACB ?ABCDB
二、1.a; an; the; 2.an 3./;/ 4.a; / 5.a 6./ 7.a;/;the 8.the 9.the; 10.a; the
三、1.?two-month；?2. Thousands of；?3.?a third；?4. Three fourths；?5. two and a half；?6. Team Four；?7. twenty-first；?8.?third；?9. the 3rd and 4th；?10. Two-thirds
四、1.a???2.a ?3.the ?4. the ??5.?the???6.an??7.?the ?8.?the ?9.x ?10. the
五、1—5BCABA ?????6—10DCCDC
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