專題03 形容詞和副詞
定義：用來修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，叫形容詞。
考點(diǎn)一、形容詞的作用，見下表：
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作????用
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例????????????????????????句
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定????語
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You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.
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表????語
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Your coat is too small.
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賓語補(bǔ)足語
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The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.
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注意：
1.形容詞用來修飾something, anything, nothing等不定代詞，要放在這些詞的后面。例如：
You'd better tell us something interesting.
2.形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，表示一類人，謂語常用復(fù)數(shù)。這類詞有：rich; good; young (表示人種等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.
3.else要放在疑問代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后。如：Did you see anybody else?
4.大部分形容詞加-ly可構(gòu)成副詞。如:He is careful. ????He drives carefully.
考點(diǎn)二、副詞及其用法
副詞主要用來修飾動(dòng)詞，形容詞，副詞或其他結(jié)構(gòu)。?
副詞的位置
多數(shù)副詞都可以放在它所修飾的動(dòng)詞后面。如：He runs slowly.
時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞和方式副詞一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning.
I heard him sing English songs over there.
頻度副詞一般放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞及第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。如：
He is seldom ill.
You must always remember this.
I often write to my parents.
程度副詞修飾動(dòng)詞時(shí)，與頻度副詞相同，修飾形容詞和副詞時(shí)，放在它所修飾的詞前面。如：I nearly missed the bus.
否定副詞一般放在動(dòng)詞之前、系動(dòng)詞be或助動(dòng)詞之后。如：She seldom goes out at night.
I am never late for school.
疑問副詞放在特殊疑問句的句首。如：When can you come?
還有what，how，why，how many等詞。
同時(shí)存在時(shí)間狀語和地點(diǎn)狀語時(shí)，時(shí)間狀語一般放在后面。如：
The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.
考點(diǎn)三、形容詞，副詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成及其應(yīng)用：
1. 形容詞和副詞比較級(jí)/最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成：
①單音節(jié)單詞后+er/est。例如：tall-taller-tallest, short-shorter- shortest
②?重讀閉音節(jié)雙寫最后一個(gè)字母再加er/est：hot-hotter-hottest, big-bigger-biggest。
③雙音節(jié)輔音+y結(jié)尾去y變i再加er/est：ugly-uglier, busy-busier-busiest。
④在雙音節(jié)或多于雙音節(jié)的單詞前面加more/most：careful-more careful-most careful, beautiful-more beautiful-most beautiful
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)應(yīng)用：
(1)比較級(jí)的范圍:一般為兩者或兩個(gè)部分進(jìn)行比較。例如：I’m taller than you. ?Group One did better than Group Two.
(2) “as+形容詞或副詞原形+as……”，譯為像……一樣。這種結(jié)構(gòu)為同級(jí)比較。例如：Mary is as clever as Susan.Mary像Susan一樣聰明。
(3)“比較級(jí)and比較級(jí)”表示“越來越”的意思。例如：Days get longer and longer in Spring.白天在春天越來越長了
3.形容詞和副詞的最高級(jí):
最高級(jí)用于三者或三者以上的人或事物之間的比較，表示在眾多人或事物中，其中一個(gè)"最……"。例如：My ruler is the longest of all.我的尺是最長的。
最高級(jí)在結(jié)構(gòu)上有兩個(gè)明顯的標(biāo)志。
①一般在最高級(jí)前加the。（副詞最高級(jí)場省略）。
②最高級(jí)后面往往用of或in介詞短語來表示形容詞的最高級(jí)的比較范圍。例如：
He is the strongest of the three.他是三個(gè)人中身體最強(qiáng)壯的。
He is the strongest in our class.他是我們班里身體最強(qiáng)壯的。
一、單項(xiàng)填空
1. —Now the air in our hometown is even ????????than it was before.
—So we must do something to stop it.
????A. better ???? B. dirty ???? C. more better ???? D. worse
2. Jim is very good at sports and he is ????????to play basketball well.
????A. too old ???? B. short enough ???? C. so high ???? D. tall enough
3. — Mum, could I have an MP3 like this?
— Certainly, we can buy ????????one, but as ????????as this. The price of this is a little high.
????A. a cheap, better ????B. a cheaper, good ???? C. a small, good ???? D. a smaller, better
4. Beijing is becoming ????????and ????????.
????A. more beautiful, more ???? B. beautiful, beautiful ????
C. more, more beautiful ???? D. more beautiful, more beautiful
5. The plan sounds ????????. I’m sure it will be quite useful.
????A. great ???? B. terrible ???? C. well ???? D. quick
6. Kate is really ????????. She’s never angry with others.
????A. tall ???? B. friendly ???? C. luckily ???? D. politely
7. You will realize the importance of mastering a foreign language ????????in the future.
????A. some time ???? B. some times ???? C. sometimes ???? D. sometime
8. My bedroom isn’t ????????Li Ming’s.
????A. so large as ???? B. small than ???? C. as larger as ???? D. the largest
9. We should keep ????????in the reading room.
????A. quite ???? B. quietly ???? C. quiet ???? D. quickly
10. Few of them like him because he thinks ????????of himself than of others.
????A. much ???? B. much more ???? C. much less ???? D. a little
11. I think each student should have an English-Chinese dictionary. It’s very ????????to them.
????A. hopeful ???? B. hopeless ???? C. helpful ???? D. helpless
12. What he said made us very ????????.
????A. happily ???? B. surprised ???? C. frightening ???? D. angrily
13. The boy doesn’t speak ????????his sister, but his written work is very good.
A. as well as ???? B. so good as ???? C. more better than ?? D. more worse than
14. Zhou Feng has learned English for many years, but he can ????????understand the English speakers.
????A. hardly ???? B. certainly ???? C. always ???? D. almost
15. Although it rained ????????, Yao Ming’s fans still waited for him outside the hotel.
????A. strongly ???? B. heavily ???? C. hardly ???? D. quickly
二、用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1. When summer comes, it gets ????????and ????????(hot).
2. This street is one of the ????????(busy) streets in the city of Shenyang.
3. Computers now are much ????????(cheap) than before.
4. The Yellow River is the second ????????(long) river in China.
5. His grandfather was ????????(terrible) ill, so they took him to hospital yesterday afternoon.
6. The more we get together, the ????????(happy) we will be.
7. Which country is ????????(large) in population, the US or Canada?
8. Watch ????????(care), and you will find the difference between the two pictures.
9. Li Peng studies ????????(hard) in his class.
10. Who speaks English ????????(well), Jim, Tom or Lin Tao?
三、詞語運(yùn)用
閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。
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all ?good ?new ?sometimes ?together ?angry ?still ?many??most??difficult
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When I was three years old just before my sister was born, my mom asked me what we should name the __1__ baby. I said, “Let’s call her Gravy(肉汁)!”
????You know, we pour gravy over meat and it tastes__2__! My parents found my idea interesting, but named the new baby Caroline, instead.
????My sister changed my life. we often got into fights and got ___3__with each other. It sometimes drove our parents __4__. But we learned to forgive each other when we got angry.
???In North America, there are __5__ kinds of families, but __6__ families have a boy and a girl. In China, most children don’t have brothers or sisters, and they have to learn those things in other ways, which is __7__.
????When I moved away to university, my sister told me she wished I __8__lived at home. She wasn’t used to getting all the attention from my parents. But Chinese children get all the attention for __9__ their life!
????Some middle school students in China wish they had a brother or sister. If you are one of them, I have a __10__ idea for you. Treat your friends and classmates as your brothers and sisters!
四、完形填空
When you’re a teenager(青少年), it seems that every time you say, “I want to …”, your parents answer, “No, you can’t.”
??__1__ people further complain that their parents do not understand them. When something goes wrong, __2__ parents just don’t believe in their children. Without asking why, they think their kids are __3__. And not many parents allow their kids to choose for themselves.
??Yes, it is __4__ that your parents sometimes treat you as a little child. But remember that not long ago you were __5__ a child. Your parents __6__ remember the childish mistakes you used to make. They want to protect you though you don’t want them to do so.
??So, if you want to get?7 ?freedom(自由), please try to understand your parents and don’t lie to them. Try a __8__ way. If you want them to allow you to stay out __9__, don’t’ just say, “All the other kids can stay out late.” Tell them as much as you can about what you want to do and where you’ll be and 10 ?it’s important for you to stay out late. Then they just might say, “yes”.
1. A. old ?????? B. older ??????? C. young ?????? D. younger
2. A. few ?????? B. many ?????? C. most ???????? D. more
3. A. badly ???? B. wrong ?????? C. nice ???????? D. clear
4. A. well ????? B. good ??????? C. truly ???????? D.?true
5. A. truly ????? B.?true ???????? C. real ????????? D.?really
6. A. yet ??????? B. still ??????? C. already ?????? D. since
7. A. most ????? B. least ??????? C. more ???????? D. less
8. A. more friendly ??? B. friendly ????? C.?good ????? D.?better
9. A. earlier ???? B.?early ?????? C. later ?????? D. late
10. A. how ???? B. when ?????? C. why ?????? D. which ??
參考答案：
一、
1—5 DDBCA； 6—10 BDACB； 11—15 CBAAB
二、
1. hotter, hotter 2. busiest ? 3. cheaper ? 4. longest???? 5. terribly????
6. happier?? 7. larger ??? 8. carefully???? 9. hardest ??? 10. best
三、
1. new??? 2. delicious ? 3. angry?? 4. crazy??? 5. many??
6. most?? 7. more difficult?? 8. still?? 9. all?? 10. good
四、
1—5 CCBDD ???6—10 BCADC
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