專題01名詞
考點一、名詞的分類及用法
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名詞意義: 表示人/事物或抽象概念的詞。如: Shanghai, Lilei, desk
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專有名詞
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普通名詞
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國名?地名?人名??
團體?機構(gòu)名稱
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可數(shù)名詞
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不可數(shù)名詞
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個體名詞
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集體名詞
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抽象名詞?
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物質(zhì)名詞
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首字母大寫
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表單個的人或者事物
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表一群人或一些事物的總稱
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表無法分為個體的物質(zhì)
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表抽象概念的詞
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如: Jim, June, China, Harbin.
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teacher, apple…
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family,police…
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water, money…
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health, friendship…
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考點二、可數(shù)名詞(個體名詞和集體名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式
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A.不規(guī)則變化
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常見的有:
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man-men, woman-women,?foot-feet, tooth-teeth, child-children, mouse-mice...
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單復(fù)數(shù)同型:
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Chinese ?Japanese ?people ?sheep ?deer ?fish
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(中日友好永不變) ?a Chinese—two Chinese; a Japanese— four Japanese
(英法聯(lián)盟a變e) ??an English—eight Englishmen; an Frenchman—nine Frenchmen
(其他后面加s) ?????a German—five Germans
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B.規(guī)則變化
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情況
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構(gòu)成
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例詞
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一般的詞
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＋s
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day-days??desk-desks
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以s, sh, ch, x結(jié)尾
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＋es
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match-matches??boss-bosses
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*tomatoes, potatoes, heroes
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以輔音＋y結(jié)尾
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改y為i＋es
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baby-babies??fly-flies
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以f/fe結(jié)尾
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改f為v＋es
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wife-wives??leaf-leaves
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考點三、不可數(shù)名詞及其用法
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(1) 不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不能與a/an或具體數(shù)字連用,但特指某物時可以與定冠詞the連用。
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(2) 要表示一定的數(shù)量時,常與a cup of, a piece of 等量詞連用,如a cup of tea一杯茶; two bottles of water兩瓶水
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(3) 只能修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞有:a little(一點),little(幾乎沒有),much/a great deal of/a large amount of(許多)
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work
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homework
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weather
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advice
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news
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progress
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information
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housework
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fun
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weight
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knowledge
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English
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food
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drink
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orange
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rice
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bread
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meat
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chicken
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pork
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beef
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......
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考點四、名詞的所有格的構(gòu)成及其用法。
名詞的所有格：在英語中,有生命的名詞及表示時間?距離?國家?城市的名詞,常在詞尾加's表示所屬關(guān)系,叫做名詞的所有格。翻譯成:"的"。如:Tom's bike (湯姆的單車)
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名詞的所有格
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例詞?例句
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①?直接在詞尾加's
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Kate's bag, ?Children's Day, ??Women's Day
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②?以s結(jié)尾的名詞所有格,在詞尾加'
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Teachers' Day, ??students' books
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③?表示兩人共同擁有的人或物,在后一個人名后加's
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Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的媽媽)
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④?表示兩人分別擁有的人或物,則兩個人名后都要加's
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Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房間)
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⑤?表某人的家?店鋪?住宅?公共建筑等地名時,所有格后面的名詞常常省略:
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at the doctor's(在醫(yī)務(wù)室); at Tom's (在湯姆的家)
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⑥?表示無生命名詞的所有格,用of 表達
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the door of the room, the color of the clothes
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⑦?雙重所有格:用's所有格/ 與?of 所有格相結(jié)合。
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A friend of my father's, a book of mine
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注意:但是有些表示時間、距離、重量、價值、國家和城市等無生命的名詞,也可加's構(gòu)成所有格
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??今天的報紙
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?
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today's newspaper
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????八天的假期
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an 8-day holiday ???
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eight days' holiday
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????五分鐘的步行路程
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a five-minute walk ?
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five minutes' walk
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一、單項填空
1.?Please keep quiet.?If you make a lot of ,?you may disturb others.?
A.?voice B.?noise???????? C.?sound??????? D.?singing
2.?He bought? .?
A.?two pairs of shoes????B.?two pair of shoes????C.?two pairs of shoe ???D.?two pair of shoe
3.?—Where is your seat?
—It’s between ?seats,?in Row 6.?
A.?Jack and John ???B.?Jack’s and John??? C.?Jack’s and John’s D.?Jack and John’s
4.?He was born in Shanxi,?but Shandong has become his second? .?
A.?home B.?family????????????C.?house???????????????D.?place
5.?Mum,?I’m quite thirsty.?Please give me? .?
A.?two orange??? B.?two bottle of oranges????
C.?two bottles of orange ?? D.?two bottles of oranges
6.?All the ?teachers and? ?students are having a meeting there.?
A.?women;?girls?????B.?women;?girl??????C.?woman;?girls D.?woman;?girl
7.?Could you please tell me some? ?about Xi’an International Horticultural Expo(世界園藝博覽會)??
A.?information B.?advice???????????C.?opinions ????????????D.?ideas
8.They don’t have to do? ?today.?
A.?much homework??B.?many homeworks??C.?many homework ????D.?much homeworks
9.?—Could you please take a(n) for the head?teacher??
—Sure,?I’ll be glad to.
A.?information ?????B.?message??????????C.?news D.?sentence
10.The? ?of most trees will fall in autumn.?
A.?leaf ??? B.?leafs?????????????C.?leaves ?????????????D.?leave
11.The little? ?has two? ?already.?
A.?baby;?teeth B.?baby;?tooth????????C.?babies;?tooth ???????D.?babies;?teeth
12.—Did you hear any strange? ?when the earthquake happened??
—No,?I was in my garden enjoying the beautiful? ?of my birds at that time.?
A.voice;?noise B.?noise;sound???????C.?voice;?sound ???????D.?sound;?voice
13.?Professor Wang gave us a very useful ?on how to prepare for the exam.?
A.?advice B.?information???????C.?experience ???????D.?suggestion
14.?It is better to travel 10,000 miles than to read 10,000 books,so it’s important to have real ?with languages,?cultures and societies.?
A.?communication?????B.?experience???????C.?knowledge ????D.?influence
15.—Oh,?no!?We have missed the train.?What should we do?
—I’m afraid we have no? ?but to wait for another one.?
A.?decision B.?information???????C.?reason???????????D.?choice
二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空
1.They successfully saved two? (child)?lives.?
2.You should know the? (different) between the two books.?
3.We saw some? (mouse)in the dirty old house.?
4.Every year, ? ?（百萬）of people donate money to the Hope Project．
5.How excellent your （pronounce）?is!?You must have a good teacher.
6.There are several (library)in the city.?
7.There are six (Frenchman) talking loudly in the room.?
8. (teacher)?Day is on September 10th.?
9.We hope that more （China）will win honour for our country.
10.More action must be taken to stop （pollute）．
三、詞語運用
閱讀短文，從方框中選擇適當?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使短文通順、意思完整，每空限填一詞，每詞限用一次。
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neighbor??people ?training ?skill??fish??chance??difficulty ?learner??money ?thing??
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“Thanks for providing us with such a good training program. The ???1 ???program will help us live well. I will study hard and learn different skills?so?that I can?solve?my family ???2 ???and do good to others.” a learner on the job training program said, feeling excited.???
The ???3 ???father is disabled, and his mother is ill in bed. The family is very poor. So he has to find a job to make ???4 ??. The learner graduated from high school and didn’t have the chance?to go to the college. The job training program can help him to learn the ???5 ???that he’ll need in the work place.
The story makes me think of another?story. It goes like this: Long long ago, there was a man,?he was?able to catch a lot of ???6 ???every day.?He always?shared his fish with his ???7 ???because they didn’t know how to fish. One day, he called them together to show them how to fish. Everyone was happy as they could?eat the fish they caught by themselves.
Now, there are still many poor ???8 ???in the world. But it’s not good if we give only?food to them. Instead, we should give them a ???9 ???to learn new skills. Therefore, technical training is very important to people in need and they will learn the skills to?make money. People can learn lots of useful ???10 ???in the training program and what they learn can help them find jobs.
四、完形填空
Tom woke up on Monday morning. ?He felt sick. He always felt sick on Monday????1 ??. He had to go to school for a whole?week! He almost wished there were no????2 ??. It?was even more difficult for him to go back to school!
He lay?in bed and wondered what????3 ???he could make this time. He looked?at his body, but could find nothing?wrong.?A little headache? No. He had used that excuse many????4 ??. Then he realized that one of his ????5 ???was loose(松動). Good! He was just going to start groaning(呻吟) when?he thought that Aunt Polly would pull the tooth out. That would hurt! He looked for something else. Suddenly he remembered what the doctor had said about a certain problem with????6 ??. He pulled his right????7 ???out and looked at it. One?of the toes was really hurting, Tom began to groan.
???“What’s wrong?with you?” Aunt Polly asked.
???“My toe hurts.”
???The old lady fell into a????8 ??, smelling?a little. “Tom, you frightened me. Now shut up
at once and get out of bed.”
???Tom felt like a ???9 ???being caught. “Well, it seemed all right. It hurt so much that I?forgot my tooth.”
???“Tooth, eh? What’s wrong with your tooth?”
???“One of them is loose and it hurts badly.”
???“No????10 ??,” answered Aunt Polly. “I can pull it out.”
???“Please, Auntie! Don’t pull it out. It has stopped?hurting now. Please!”
???“No way! Well, you’ll have your tooth out and you’ll go to school?
1. A.?Monday ??????B. mornings ??????????C. afternoon?????????D. evening
2. A. week-day?????B. week-days ????? C. week-ends ???????D. week-ends
3. A. way?????????B. excuse ????? C. idea??????? D. thought
3. A. month????????B. Monday?????? C. time ????????????D. week
5. A. teeth ????????B. tooth ? C. foot?????????????D. feet
6. A. fingers???????B. feet????????????????C. hands?????? D. toes
7. A. arm?????????B. foot ???????????????C. hand?????????????D. leg
8. A. school ??????B. chair ????? C.?bed ???????? D. kitchen
9. A.?student???????B.?thieves????? C. thief ????????????D. patient
10. A. way????????B. problem ????? C.?question??????? D.?plan
【參考答案】
一、單項填空
1—5 BACAC ?? 6—10 BAABC ?? 11—15 ADDBD
二、用括號內(nèi)所給詞的適當形式填空
1. children’s?? 2. differences??? 3. mice??? 4. millions??? 5.?pronunciation???
6. libraries??? 7. Frenchmen???? 8.?Teachers’???? 9.?Chinese??? 10. polluting?
三、詞語運用
1.?training ?? 2. difficulties??? 3.?learner’s??? 4. money??? 5. skills????
6. fish?? 7.?neighbors?? 8.?people??? 9. chance??? 10.things
四、完形填空
1—5 BCBCA ? 6—10 DBBCB
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