Unit 3: Contemporary style
詞匯講解
1. fashion???n．時(shí)尚????
The fashion spread rapidly．這種時(shí)髦式樣迅速流行起來。
????A young lady dressed in the latest fashion is waiting for you．一個(gè)穿著時(shí)髦的年輕女子正在等你。
【搭配】?be in fashion流行，時(shí)髦
come into fashion開始流行
be／go out of fashion不流行，過時(shí)????
Faded jeans are still in fashion．褪色牛仔褲仍然很時(shí)髦。??
?????These hats are now out of fashion．這些帽子的款式現(xiàn)在不流行了。
【拓展】?fashionable a時(shí)興的；時(shí)髦的；流行的
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2.·illustrate ?V．(用例子、圖片等)說明，解釋，闡明
To illustrate my talk．I have brought along five objects．為了舉例說明，我隨身帶來了五件物品。
【搭配】illustrate?sth with sth \ by doing sth
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3. object n．物品；物體????
A bright moving object appeared in the sky at sunset．日落時(shí)分，天空中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)明亮移動(dòng)的物體。
【拓展】
1)object ?n.目標(biāo)；對(duì)象
The young man can speak five foreign languages fluently，and he has become an object of admiration to all.
這個(gè)年輕人能流利地說五種外語(yǔ)，成為大家羨慕的對(duì)象。
2)object V．反對(duì)；不贊成
??object to something／doing something反對(duì)某事；反對(duì)做某事
【注意】詞組object to中的to是介詞，所以后面跟上動(dòng)詞的話要用動(dòng)詞的-ing形式。
They objected to(accepting)our proposal．他們反對(duì)(接受)我們的提議。
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4. keen ?adj．熱衷的???
【搭配】be keen on something／doing something熱衷于某事；熱衷于做某事
be keen to do something渴望做某事
Dolly wants to cycle around the world and?she is really keen on the idea．
多莉想騎車環(huán)球世界，她對(duì)這個(gè)想法非常著迷。
My son is keen to make a trip to Hong?Kong this summer．我兒子非常渴望今年夏天去香港旅游。
【拓展】keen adj．敏銳的
??Dogs have a keen sense of smell．狗嗅覺靈敏。????
????????A good detective should command keen powers of observation??一個(gè)好的偵探需具備敏銳的觀察力。
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5．sight ?n. 名勝； 景象、景物; 視力;視線、視野
???????Come and see the sight of London.
It was a good chance to see the sights of the city.
???????Birds have better sight than dogs.
【搭配】at the first sight 乍一看
????????at the sight of 看到
????????in\ with sight 可以看到，在視線內(nèi)
????????out of sight ?看不見
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翻譯：
1．?一看到他那可愛的女兒，他就容光煥發(fā)。
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2．?眼不見，心不煩。
????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
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Keys:??His face lit up at the sight of his lovely daughter.
Out of sight, out of mind.
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6. ruin ??v．毀壞；毀滅；損害
The storm ruined the crops．暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了莊稼。
Our barbecue was ruined by the heavy rain．我們的烤肉野餐被大雨弄得一團(tuán)糟。
【拓展】ruin ?n．毀壞，毀滅；(復(fù)數(shù))廢墟，遺址
The news meant the ruin of all our hopes．這消息意味著我們一切的希望都破滅了。
The house has gone to ruin through years of neglect．這幢房子因年久失修而破敗不堪。
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7．affect ?v.?①影響，作用?②震動(dòng)，感動(dòng) ?③(指疾病)侵襲某人、某物；感染
??????????Their opinion will not affect my decision. ????????
??????????She was deeply affected by the news of the film star’s death.
Her kidneys had become affected.
【拓展】?have an effect on 對(duì)……產(chǎn)生影響
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8.?extinct adj．絕種的；滅絕的
????????The dinosaur is an extinct species．恐龍是一個(gè)已滅絕的物種。????
【拓展】extinction n．絕種；滅絕????
Efforts have been made to prevent the extinction of the giant panda．已經(jīng)做出努力防止大熊貓滅絕。????
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9. judge??V．判斷，斷定；審理，審判
?Never judge a book by its cover．不要以貌取人
???????A man should be judged by his deeds，not by his words．判斷一個(gè)人應(yīng)根據(jù)他的行為，而不是他的言詞。????
Who will be judging this murder case?誰(shuí)將審理這宗謀殺案?
【搭配】judging by／from…從…來判斷
?????Judging from／by his accent, I think he must be from Wales．
聽他的口音，我認(rèn)為他準(zhǔn)是威爾士人。
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10. award??n．獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)狀；獎(jiǎng)金
?????She showed us the athletic awards she had won.?她給我們看她贏得的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)獎(jiǎng)品。
【拓展】award v．頒發(fā)；授予???
award somebody something／award something to somebody授予某人某物
???????The government awarded her a gold medal for her achievement.
政府因她的成就授予一枚金質(zhì)獎(jiǎng)?wù)?。?/span>
【比較】reward ??n. ?獎(jiǎng)賞；給某人報(bào)酬
reward somebody with something ???獎(jiǎng)賞給某人某物
She rewarded him with a smile．她向他報(bào)之以一笑。
The old man rewarded the boy with $10 for bringing back his lost dog.
小男孩幫助老人找回了丟失的狗，老人給了他十美元作為酬勞。????
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11. remind?v. 提醒，使某人想起
This remains us that fashion is not the most important thing in life．
這提醒我們時(shí)尚不是生活中最重要的東西。???
【搭配】remind somebody of something 使某人想起某事???
????????remind somebody to do something 提醒某人做某事
????????remind somebody that…提醒某人
Please remind me to call Tom this afternoon．請(qǐng)?zhí)嵝盐蚁挛缃o湯姆打電話。
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12. promote ?v. ?促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)
Since this new programme has proved to be a good way to promote safety and discipline. Other schools soon followed. ?
由于這個(gè)新方案被證明是提高安全和紀(jì)律的好方法，其他學(xué)校也很快效仿。
The president’s visit will promote friendship between our two countries.
總統(tǒng)的來訪將促進(jìn)我們兩國(guó)之間的友誼。
【拓展】promote ?v. ?提升，升職
He was promoted from sales manager to general manager within a year. 一年之內(nèi)，他由銷售經(jīng)理提升為總經(jīng)理。
推銷，促銷
It is a good idea to promote our new product on television. 通過電視促銷我們的新產(chǎn)品是個(gè)好主意。
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13. resistance （to sth.）?n.. 抵抗，抵抗力
???????The demonstrators offered little or no resistance to the police. 示威群眾對(duì)警察沒怎么抵抗。
【拓展】resist ?sth \ doing sth. ?v. ?抵制，抵抗
A healthy body resists disease. 健康的身體能抵御疾病。?
????I couldn't resist laughing when he told me the joke. ?他給我講了個(gè)笑話，我忍不住大笑起來
??????be resistant to ?對(duì)……抵抗
知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解：
1. 過去分詞作定語(yǔ)
I’m holding an old hat borrowed from a drama company.
我手里拿著一頂從劇團(tuán)借來的舊帽子。
borrowed from a drama company是定語(yǔ)，修飾hat。因?yàn)?/span>borrow和hat之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞形式，相當(dāng)于which was borrowed from a drama company。
?????On stepping into the room，I saw a bunch of flowers bought by Mum．
我一踏進(jìn)房間，就看見媽媽買的一束鮮花。?
The hat made of beaver fur was borrowed from a drama company．
這頂海貍毛做的帽子是從一家劇團(tuán)借來的。
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2．the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)
when buying clothes，I think the more you spend the better the quality．
買衣服時(shí)，我認(rèn)為你花錢越多質(zhì)量就越好。
when buying clothes是現(xiàn)在分詞作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于when you buy clothes．
????While walking along the street，he met a friend who he hadn’t seen for years．
走在街上時(shí)，他遇見了一位好久沒見的老朋友。????
“the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)”結(jié)構(gòu)表示“越……，越……”。
???The more carefully you do the work，the fewer mistakes you will make．
你干活越仔細(xì)，犯的錯(cuò)就越少。
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3. The introduction?of school uniforms?has helped reduce school violence.
校服的引入已經(jīng)對(duì)減少校園暴力起了作用。
????introduction ?在句中譯為“引入，引進(jìn)”
Because of the introduction of the new policy, the working efficiency has improved greatly. ?
由于引入了新政策，工作效率大大提高。
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4.??the number of?fights decreased by 40 per cent ...
"the number of?+ 復(fù)數(shù)名詞" 譯為 “…的數(shù)量”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，中心名詞是number，所以句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。
The number of books in our city library is very large. ?
我們城市圖書館里書籍的數(shù)量是很大的。
【對(duì)比】?"a number of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞” 意為“許多”，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
A great number of volunteers are planting trees to beautify the environment. ?
為了美化環(huán)境，很多志愿者在植樹。
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練習(xí)：?
Section A： 
Choose the right answer
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Almost all?the villagers ______ the mountains covered with trees and bushes anxiously ______ lost boy.
???A. searched for …… for ??B. searched ?……for ????C. looked at …… for ???D. looked for …… ?for
2. ?The government is trying to do something to ____________ better understanding between the two countries.
A. raise ????????????????B. promote ??????????????C. heighten ???????????D. increase
3. Hilary always tells her daughter that??????????pride comes before ?????????fall, which has always been kept in her daughter's mind.
A. the; the ????????????B. /;/ ?????????C. the;/ ?????????????D. /;a
4. In the afternoon, there was a traffic jam ?????????the heavy fog.
A. due to ??????????????B. because ??????????C. since ?????????????D. for
5. Every possible means ???????????been tried to end the disaster, but without luck.
A. had ????????????????B. are ??????????????C. have ?????????????D. has
6. ?He said he was ready to give jobs to both of us???????????we could assure him we intended to stay.
A. as far as ????????????B. because ???????????C. so long as ?????????D. until
7. a foreign teacher to give them lessons next term.
A. It is likely to have ?????????????????????????B. There is likely to be ?
C. There is likely to have ??????????????????????D. It is likely to be
8. Mr. Black wanted to buy the house and he told me that the house cost, it would be ????it.
A. however; worth ?????B. how much; worth ????C. whatever; worth D. what; worthy
9. To learn English well, .
A. it must be spoken regularly ??????????????????B. much practice is needed
C. it is necessary to practice a lot ????????????????D.?one must do much practice
10. Miss Australia?????????Miss Universe 2004 in a two hour pageant ????????by hundreds of millions of television viewers around the world.
A. names; watched ???????????????????????????B. named; watching
C. was named; to watch ?????????????????????????D. has been named; watched
11. I am angry，for Peter took away my bike without asking for my______.
???A．admission ?????????B．forgiveness ????????C．permission ?????????D．appreciation
12．?Fruit and vegetables actively_____health by providing bodies with vitamins，fiber and nutrients. Which of tile following is IMPROPER?
???A．?promote ??????????B. ?improve ??????????C. ?strengthen ?????????D.??build
13. ?Consuming 400 grams of a variety of vegetables and fruits every day can______ cancer rate by about 20％
???A．fall ???????????????B．increase????????????C．decrease ???????????D.?raise
14. ?Some travelers prefer to stay at one place to relax while others would rather go around to see as many_____as possible.
???A.?sights ??????????????B.?sightseeing ??????????C.?scenery?????????????D.?scenes
15. ?He quickly became?bored with the_____work and planned to change his job.
???A．dramatic ???????????B．monotonous ????????C.?extravagant ?????????D．exciting
16．The Taiwan pop singer has arrived in Shanghai to______his newly released album.
???A．produce ???????????B．manufacture ????????C．record??????????????D.?promote
17.The US is required to ______the issue according to the international rules.
???A．cope ??????????????B．deal ???????????????C．handle ????????????D.?handle with
18.?The Shanghai Health Supervision Agcncy______160 unlicensed private clinics during an inspection campaign.
???A．set up ?????????????B settled down ??????????C．closed down????????D.?brought down
19．The village is so poor that the school can hardly______to hire an English teacher.
???A.?afford ??????????????B．award ??????????????C．offer??????????????D.?supply
20．Some government officials______their careers by gambling and taking bribes and end up?in prison．
???A．promote ???????????B．reward ??????????????C．ruin ??????????????D.?damage
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Keys: ??1. BB DCA ??6. DDADB ?11.?CDCAB ?16 . DCCAC
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Section B：?Fill in the blanks with suitable words or phrases from the list given below.?Change the form where necessary.
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remind ????????resistance ??????promote ??????ruin ????????extinct
.search ??????pressure ?????????illustrate ?????academic ????fashionable
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1. ??Owing to its high?___level, the school enjoyed great popularity with parents.
2. ?The teacher wrote an example on the blackboard to _______the point.
3. ?The South China tiger will become ____unless some measures are taken.
4. ?The new policy met with strong______ from the employees.
5. ??Regular communication will ______understanding between a child and parents.
6. ??It's becoming _____to wear ?long skirts again.
7. ?College life is very demanding and students often feel a lot of_____.
8. ??It's my fault that I forgot to ______him of the meeting.
9. ?The rumor _____ his reputation and he was forced to quit his job.
10. ?Mary ______the newspaper for the suitable job vacancy.
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Keys:??1. academic ???2. ?illustrate ???3. ?extinct ???4. resistance ???5. promote ????
6. fashionable???7. pressure ??8. remind ??9. ruined ??10.searched
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Section C：Translation
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開始流行 ???????????????????????????????????????
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用……闡明……??????????????????????????????????
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反對(duì)做某事 ?????????????????????????????????????
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乍一看 ?????????????????????????????????????????
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在某處尋找…… ?????????????????????????????????
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向某人抱怨…… ?????????????????????????????????
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與……聯(lián)系在一起 ???????????????????????????????
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熱衷于做某事 ???????????????????????????????????
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提醒某人某事 ???????????????????????????????????
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抵制……的誘惑 ?????????????????????????????????
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Keys: ?1. ?Come into fashion ?2. illustrate sth with ?3. ?object to doing sth ??4. ?at first sight ??5. ?search sp for sth ??6. complain to sb. of sth ??7. be linked to ?8. ?be keen on sth ????9. ?remind sb of sth ???10. ?resist the temptation
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Section D：Reading?
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????????????????????????????????(A)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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A. contest ?????B. finding ?????C. raised???????D. ended E. grown
F. extremely ???G. managing ???H. incredible ????I. charities ?????J. virtually??
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The ??Beginning of Miss World
In 1951 Eric Morley had been working for the Mecca Group for almost five years. It?had been,?in many ways, a tough time for everyone, because the Second World War had??37 ???only six years ago. But Eric had the foresight to see the new mood of optimism( 樂觀主義）that was starting to sweep the country.
At that time, Eric was ????38 ???the Lyceum Ballroom in the Strand. When it was?announced that the Festival of Britain was being held on the South Bank,?just across the?Thames,?Eric began to wonder how he could capitalize(利用)on the huge ??????39 ???which was?taking place virtually on his doorstep.
He realized that the answer was simple — he would encourage visitors to the Festival of Britain to cross Waterloo Bridge by hosting a beauty??40???at his dance hall. Not just any old beauty contest at his dance hall. Not just any old beauty contest though; this com petition had to be one similar to the celebrations taking place on the South Bank. So he came up with the ambitious idea of???41 ??the most beautiful woman in the world.
And so Miss World was born. A competition has ?42???into one of the world's biggest and most loved events. Who could have guessed that it would also become one of the country's big gest generators of money for children's charities? It has now ??43???incredible millions of pounds thanks to the theme "Beauty with a Purpose" that was created by Julia Morley 25 years ago. This????44 ?success is largely because of the???45 ??strong and popular Miss World brand that has developed over the last 51 years. The success can he measured by the fact that Miss World is now franchised (授權(quán)) in more than 140 countries.
??37. DGIAB ???42. EJHF
??????????????????????????(B)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
There was once a man who spent all his spare time in one of his four glass-houses, Flowers was his name,?and flowers were his main joy in life. He grew flowers of every color under the sun, with the names as long and ????46 ???as those of the rulers of Ancient Rome. He???47 ??these flowers in order to enter them for competitions. One of his ambitions in life was to grow a rose of an entirely ????48 ????color,?which would win him the silver cup for the Rose of the Year.
Mr. Flowers'???49 ??were very close to a public path. This path was already used by children and young people walking to and from school. Boys of around thirteen years of age, in???50 ???,?were often tempted to throw a stone or two at one of Mr. Flowers'?glass — houses. They ???51????to resist the temptation when Mr. Flowers was about,?but the tempta tion often proved to be too strong when Mr. Flowers was nowhere to be seen. ???52 ??,?Mr. Flowers did his best to be in or close by his glass-houses at the beginning and end of the school day.
____53___, it was not always convenient or???54???to be on guard at these times. Mr. Flowers had tried in many ways to prevent damage to his glass; but nothing that he had done had been???55 ??. He had been to the school to complain to the headmasters; but this had not done any good. He had ??56???in the bushes and chased the boys that threw stones into his garden; but the boys could run faster than he could,?and they ??57 ??at him from a distance. He had even walked along the path and picked up all loose stones that he could find, ??58???the boys would have nothing to throw,?but they soon found others,?or threw lumps of earth instead.
Then,?just as he was giving ??59???hope of ever winning the battle,?and of growing the Rose of the Year, he had a truly marvelous idea. He put up a large notice made of good strong wood,?some ??60 ??away from the glass-houses where it could be clearly seen from?the path. He had painted on the board the words: DO NOT THROW STONES AT THIS?NOTICE. After this,?Mr. Flowers had no further trouble; the boys were much more temp ted to throw stones at the notice than at the glass-houses.
( )46. A. difficult B. easy C. different D. fresh
( )47. A. sold B. collected C. grew D. loved
( )48. A. beautiful B. bright C. shining D. new
( )49. A. rooms B. flowers C. glass-houses D. friends
( )50. A. fact B. particular C. surprise D. time
( )51. A. wanted B. managed C. had D. tried
( )52. A. In a way B. Somehow C. For this reason ????D. Instead
( )53. A. However B. Therefore C. Moreover D. Finally
( )54. A. possible B. necessary C. pleasant D. tiring
( )55. A. useless B. correct C. mistaken D. successful
( )56. A. hidden B. stayed C. slept D. sat
( )57. A. smiled B. shouted C. looked D. laughed
( )58. A. which B. so that C. in order that D. that?
( )59. A. in B. up C. away D. out
( )60. A. miles B. inches C. kilometers D. blocks
46. ACDCB ??51. ?BCAAD ??56. ?ADBBD ??
????????????????????????????????(C)
In the mid 1940's,the young ambitious duo Ruth and Elliot Handler, owned a compa ny that made wooden pictures frames. It was in 1945 that Ruth and Elliot Handler joined with their close friend Harold Mattson to form a company that would be known for the most famous and successful doll ever created. This company would be named Mattel, MATT for Mattson, and EL for Elliot.
In the mid 1950?s,while visiting Switzerland Ruth Handler purchased a German Lilli doll. Lilli?was?a?shapely, pretty?fashion?doll?first?made?in?1955.?She?was?originally?fashioned after a famous cartoon character in the West German Newsletter, Build.
Lilli is the doll that would inspire Ruth Handler to design the Barbie doll. With the help of her technicians and engineers at Mattel, Barbie was born. Ruth then hired Charlotte Johnson, a fashion designer, to create Barbie's wardrobe. It was in 1958 that the patent for Barbie was obtained. This would be a fashion doll unlike any of her time. She would be long limbed(肢),shapely,?beautiful,?and only 11. 5 inches tall. Ruth and Elliot would name their new fashion doll after their own daughter,?Barbie.
In 1959,the Barbie doll would make her way to the New York Toy Show and receive a cool reception from the toy buyers. Barbie has undergone a lot of changes over the years and has managed to keep up withcurrent trends in hairstyles, makeup and clothing. She is a reflection of the history of fash ion since her introduction to the toy market.
Barbie has a universal appeal (吸引力?) and collectors both young and old enjoy time spent and memories made with their dolls.
61. When Ruth and Elliot Handler was young, they had a strong desire ?? .
A. to go to school ????B. to take photos ??C. to make frames ????D. to be highly successful
?62. It can be inferred from the second paragraph that Lilli was fashioned after .
A. Build ???????????B. a German doll ???C. a pretty girl ????????D. a shapely woman
63. Which of the following statements is NOT true of the Barbie doll?
A. She does not attract young men.
B.?She has undergone many changes over the years.
C.?She is 11. 5 inches tall.
D.?She has managed to keep up with fashion.
?61. DAA
(D)
David Jones earns 35,000 a year designing new computer games, yet he cannot find a bank prepared to let him have a credit card. Instead, he has been told to wait another two years until he is 18.
David works for a small firm in Liverpool, where the problem of most young people of his age is finding a job. But David's biggest headache is what to do with his money. In spite of his salary, earned by inventing new programs with tight schedule, with extra payments and profit-sharing, he cannot drive a car, or gain credit cards. David got his job four months ago, a year after leaving school. He got the job because the people who run the firm knew he had already written some programs.
"I suppose $ 34,000 sounds a lot but actually that's not the case," he said. "I hope it will come to more than that this year. Unfortunately, computing was not part of our studies at school, but I had been studying it in books and magazines for four years in my spare time. I knew what I wanted to do and never considered staying on at school. Most people in this business are fairly young, any way. "
David added: ??"I would like to earn a million and I suppose early retirement is a pos sibility. You never know when the market might disappear. "
?64. Why is David different from other young people of his age?
A. He earns a remarkably high salary.
B. He is not out of work.
C. He does not go out too much.
D. He does not have a credit card.
65. He was hired by the firm because .
A. he had worked in a computer shop
B. he had written some computer games
C. he had worked very hard
D. he had learned to use computers at school
66. Why did David think he might retire early?
A. People had to be young to write computer games.
B. He wanted to stop working when he was a millionaire.
C. He thought computer games might not always sell so well.
D. He thought his firm might lose money.
?
??64. ?ABC
?
?
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