.After graduating fro college, we finally got the chance to take a bike trip.大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后，我們終于有了機(jī)會(huì)騎自行車(chē)旅行。
8.It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車(chē)旅游的是我的姐姐。
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型It is/was…that/who 的用法歸納如下：
強(qiáng)調(diào)句型可以強(qiáng)調(diào)除謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以外的任何句子成份。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人時(shí)，用連詞that或who；如果被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是物，只能用連詞that。 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型應(yīng)避免使用when, where, which 等連詞。
含一般疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型:
① 含一般疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：Is it+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who+句子的其余部分？
② 特殊疑問(wèn)句的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型結(jié)構(gòu)形式為：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+is/was it that/who+句子的其余部分？
9.schedual for the trip 旅行計(jì)劃
10.be fond of 喜歡，喜愛(ài)
Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly.盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最佳路線并不清楚，她堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅行安排得盡善盡美。 （注意1：Although conj. “盡管，雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。拓展：
① although 從句多在句首， though 從句可在主句前、中、后任何位置，而且though 可以作副詞用于句末，作“但是，不過(guò)”講，而although 無(wú)此用法。
② although 用來(lái)陳述事實(shí)而不用于假設(shè)，所以as though(仿佛，好像)，even though(即使，盡管)中不能用although。
③ though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句可以倒裝(將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的動(dòng)詞原形前置到句首，此用法同as),而 although 不可以。注意2：insist 在這里的意思是“堅(jiān)持要求”后面的that從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣；如果insist 意為“強(qiáng)調(diào)，堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”的時(shí)候，從句可以用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。例如：She insisted that she didn’t tell a lie.她強(qiáng)調(diào)她沒(méi)撒謊。另外，還可以用insist on doing sth/ sth. 一定要、堅(jiān)持主張，如：She insists on getting up early and playing her radio loudly她老是一大早起來(lái)把收音機(jī)音量開(kāi)大。）
11.care about details 考慮細(xì)節(jié) （The only thing he cares about is money. 他唯一在乎的就是金錢(qián)。
care for 喜歡，照料，照顧 I don’t really care for red wine. 我其實(shí)并不喜歡紅葡萄酒。
Who will care for your child if you are out? 如果你外出了，誰(shuí)來(lái)照顧你的孩子？
12.give me a determined look給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)定的眼神
13.change one’s mind 改變主意
14.…she seemed to be excited about it. 似乎顯得興奮
15.an interesting experience一次有趣的經(jīng)歷
16.Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了決心，什么也不能使她改變。最后，我只好讓步了。Once 可作為從屬連詞，作“一(旦)……就……”解，連接一個(gè)表示時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)從句。從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表將來(lái)。
如：Once you have begin you must continue.
Once printed，the book will be very popular。
17.It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, travelling across wetern Yunnan Province. 它穿過(guò)深谷時(shí)就變成了急流，流經(jīng)云南西部。
18.It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 河水蜿蜒緩慢地穿過(guò)低谷，流向生長(zhǎng)稻谷的平原。
19.He is so stubborn that no one can persuade him to do anything. 他太固執(zhí)，沒(méi)有一人能勸動(dòng)他做事。
20.A determined person always tries to finish the job, no matter how hard it is. 不論工作多難，一個(gè)堅(jiān)決的人總是努力地去完成它。
21.My grandapa is fond of fishing and sometimes he fishes all day in the river. 我爺爺喜歡釣魚(yú)，有時(shí)他整天在河邊釣魚(yú)。
22.I prefer the red dress to the green one because it fits me better.我喜歡那件紅色的衣服不喜歡那件綠色的，因?yàn)榧t色的更合我的身。
23.The concert went like clockwork because Li Pei organized it so well.音樂(lè)會(huì)順利地進(jìn)行，因?yàn)槔钆褰M織地相當(dāng)好。
24.I wanted to pay the train fare, but my friend insisted. Finally I gave in.我想付火車(chē)票費(fèi)用，但我朋友堅(jiān)持他付。最后我讓步了。
25.She persuaded all of us to cycle to work instead of taking the bus.她說(shuō)服了我們不做公共汽車(chē)而是騎車(chē)去工作。
26.As neither of them would give in, no decision was taken that day.由于雙方都不讓步，那天沒(méi)有形成決議。
27.The task was difficult, but Helen’s determined expression let me know that she would not give up.雖然工作很難，但海倫的堅(jiān)定神情使我知道她不會(huì)放棄。
28.How I wish I could make a journey into space and see the stars up close. 我多么希望我能夠進(jìn)行太空旅行，近距離地看看星星啊。
29.The very first time that Joe saw the film “ET” directed by Steven Spieberg, he made up his mind to become a director too.第一次看Steven Spieberg執(zhí)導(dǎo)的電影“ET”時(shí)，他就下定決心也要當(dāng)一名導(dǎo)演。
30.a large parcel of 一大包
31.We are taking out insurance to cover any problems.我們要投保給一切問(wèn)題保險(xiǎn)。
32.Our legs were so heavy and cold that they felt like blocks of ice.我們的腿又冷又沉，感覺(jué)就像大冰塊。
33.Along the way children dressed in long wool coats stopped to look at us.一路上，一些身著羊毛大衣的孩子們停下來(lái)看我們。
34.However, the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而，湖水在落日的余暉下閃亮如鏡，景色迷人。
35.as usual 像往常一樣
36.At one point we were so high that we found ourselves cycling through clouds. 在某個(gè)時(shí)刻，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身高處，仿佛騎車(chē)穿越云層。
37.We saw many sheep eating green grass. 我們看到羊群在吃草。
38.make camp宿營(yíng)
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39.put up our tent 搭帳篷
40.stay awake 睡不著，醒著
41.at midnight 在半夜
42.for company 做伴
43.lie beneath the stars 躺在星空下
44.We can hardly wait to see them.我們迫不及待地想要見(jiàn)到他們。
45.Good luck on your journey. 祝你旅途愉快
46.When you go on a journey, why not keep a travel journey? 當(dāng)你出游的時(shí)候問(wèn)什么不記旅行日記呢？
47.see the world through somebody else’s eyes 通過(guò)別人的眼睛看世界
48.go in the right direction 走正確的方向
49.The tortoise moves at a very slow pace.烏龜以很慢的速度行進(jìn)。If you pace yourself, you will be able to work efficiently. 如果你為自己定好了速度，你就會(huì)高效地工作。
50.be similar to 類(lèi)似于
51.afford to do sth 付得起，能承擔(dān)
52.be tired from
因……而疲勞
be tired of 對(duì)……厭倦
53.be in high spirits 喜氣洋洋，興高采烈
54.come true 實(shí)現(xiàn)，成真
55.Ask them to give you some advice on improving it. 要他們就如何改進(jìn)提一些建議。
56.a guide to… ……的指南
57.on a tour 在游覽中，在巡演中
58.in detail 詳細(xì)地
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必修I---unit 4
I---IV Earthquakes
一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1.Now imagine there has been a big earthquake. 現(xiàn)在，假設(shè)有一次大地震。
“There +be +主語(yǔ)+其它成分”結(jié)構(gòu)中there為引導(dǎo)詞，本身無(wú)意義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞按照就近一致原則。其它相似句型還有：
There happen to be 碰巧有
There seems/appears to be 好像有
There is likely to be 可能有
There may/might be 也許有
There must be 一定有
There can’t be 不可能有
There is said/reported to be 據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道有
There used to be 曾經(jīng)有
There is sure/certain to be 一定有
2.
happen to.
It (so) happened that…
Did you hear what happened to David last night? 你聽(tīng)說(shuō)大衛(wèi)昨天晚上發(fā)生什么事了嗎?
What will happen to the children if Peter and Alice break up? 如果彼得和愛(ài)麗絲離婚孩子們將怎么辦?
I happened to see Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去書(shū)店的路上碰巧遇見(jiàn)了彼得。
It so happened that I saw Peter on the way to the bookstore yesterday. 昨天我去書(shū)店的路上碰巧遇見(jiàn)了彼得。
I happened to be out when he called. 他來(lái)訪時(shí)，恰巧我出去了。(= It happened that I was out when he called.)
I happened on just the thing I had been looking for. 我偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)了我所要找的東西。
3. right away毫不遲疑，立刻
He is ill; you should call in the doctor right away. 他病了, 你應(yīng)該立即請(qǐng)大夫來(lái)。
4. A smelly gas came out of the cracks. 裂縫里冒出臭氣。
5. In the farmyards, the chickens and even the pigs were too nervous to eat. 農(nóng)家大院里，雞甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。
6. But the one million people of the city, who thought little of these events, were asleep as usual that night.但是，這個(gè)城市的一百萬(wàn)居民都沒(méi)有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事，當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。
7. It seemed as if the world was at an end. 世界似乎到了末日。
從句表示“(在某人)看來(lái)好像；似乎”
① It seems/looks/appears as if/though…看起來(lái)好像…
② Sb./Sth. looks as if/though…(不用seem/appear)
③ There seems/appears(to be)…(不用 look)
There appears to have been a mistake. =It appears that there has been a mistake.
④ It seems so. =So it seems.看來(lái)似乎是這樣。
8. In fifteen terrible seconds a large city lay in ruins. 在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi)，一座大城市就淪落為一片廢墟之中。
9. Two-thirds of them died or injured during the earthquake. 三人之二的人在地震中死去或受傷。
10. The number of people who were killed or injured reached more than 400,000. 死傷的人數(shù)達(dá)到40多萬(wàn)。
10. Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。
11. All hope was not lost.不是所有的希望都破滅了。該句為部分否定。All, both, everyone, everybody, everything 以及every+名詞都表示全部肯定；但當(dāng)not 在它們之前或之后都表示部分否定。no one, none nobody, nothing, not…any, 以及 no+名詞都表示全部否定。如：
① Both of them haven’t read this story.并非他們二人都看過(guò)這個(gè)故事。
② All of the boys are clever, but none of them can work out this problem. 這些男孩都很聰明，但沒(méi)有一個(gè)人能解出這道題。
③ All bamboo doesn’t grow tall.=Not all bamboo grows tall. 并非所有的竹子都長(zhǎng)的高。
12. Workers built shelters for survivors whose homes had been destroyed. 救援人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所。
13. under the weight of
在……重壓下，迫于
14. in the open air 在戶外，在野外，露天
in the air 在空中，懸而未決
15. take turns to do sth依次，輪流做某事
in turn 依次地，輪流地
It is your turn now.現(xiàn)在輪到你了。
No one is allowed to get his ticket out of turn. 任何人都不準(zhǔn)不按次序買(mǎi)票。
16. be shocked at
對(duì)……感到震驚
17. be proud of
以……為自豪
18. Our office would like to have you speak to the park visitors on July 28
19. express one’s thanks to sb /for sth…
對(duì)/因……表示感謝
20. without warning 毫無(wú)預(yù)兆
21. next to緊接著，相鄰，次于
22. get away from…
避免，擺脫，離開(kāi)
23. disarster-hit areas災(zāi)區(qū)
24. raise money 募捐，籌款
25. Listening to English is a very important skill because it is only when we understand what is said to us that we can have a conversation with somebody. 聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)是一項(xiàng)很重要的技能，因?yàn)橹挥挟?dāng)我們懂得別人給我們說(shuō)什么我們才能與他交談。
26. It is believed that on the surface of the earth are a number of plates. 人們認(rèn)為地球表面是一些板塊。
27. hold up舉起；托??；支撐；使停滯;耽擱；提出；阻擋；列舉，推舉；(理論等)經(jīng)得住
Women can hold up half of the sky.婦女能頂半邊天。
28. make up彌補(bǔ), 虛構(gòu), 縫制, 整理, 包裝, 和解, 編輯, 化妝,補(bǔ)足,拼湊
Farm workers make up only a small section of the population.農(nóng)民只占人口的一小部分.
The boy made up a story; it was not true. 男孩編了個(gè)故事，這故事不是真的。
29. The judge gave a prize and his congratulations to the cyclist who won the competition.裁判把獎(jiǎng)金頒給贏得比賽的自行車(chē)選手，并向他祝賀。
30. The miners who had been trapped in the mine for two days were finally rescued.被困在煤礦里兩天的礦工們最后得到了營(yíng)救。
31. The reporter recognized that the girl who was so frightened was trying to avoid the question.記者意識(shí)到女孩很害怕，而且盡力地回避問(wèn)題。
32. The big fire destroyed two shops which are about four blocks from here. 大火摧毀了離這兒四個(gè)街區(qū)的兩個(gè)商店。
33. I can’t express how I am feeling at the moment. 我無(wú)法表達(dá)我現(xiàn)在的感覺(jué)。
34. It is said but true that people die in earthquakes from falling furniture and bricks. 據(jù)說(shuō)但是真實(shí)的，在地震中人們死于倒落的家具和磚塊。
35. be fixed to…被固定到……
36. be tied to … 被綁在……
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必修 I---Unit 5
I---V Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
一、知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. A great person is a someone who devotes his/her life to helping others. 偉人是把自己的生命奉獻(xiàn)給幫助別人的人。（He started to study ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他開(kāi)始研究生態(tài)學(xué)，并決心將他的一生獻(xiàn)身于這門(mén)科學(xué)。He devoted himself entirely to music.他將一生奉獻(xiàn)給了音樂(lè)。）
2. fight against 對(duì)抗，反對(duì)，與……作斗爭(zhēng)
We are all brothers in the same fight against injustice.在共同反對(duì)非正義行為的斗爭(zhēng)中, 我們都是同志.
People often have to fight for their liberty.人們往往不得不為自由而戰(zhàn)。
He and his wife are always fighting about who will take after the children. 他與他妻子總是在為由誰(shuí)來(lái)照看孩子而吵架。
3. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers. 作為一個(gè)醫(yī)生他無(wú)私地在中國(guó)工作，并且拯救了很多中國(guó)戰(zhàn)士。
4. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他主張三民主義：民主、民權(quán)、民生。
5. be free from 免于，不受
A judge must be free from prejudice.法官必須不抱成見(jiàn)。
6. in a peaceful way 以和平的方式
7. be in prison 入獄，在獄中服刑
in the prison 在監(jiān)獄
8. the same…as…和……一樣
9. the first man to land on the moon 第一個(gè)登上月球的人
10. The time when I first met him was a very difficult period of my life. 第一次見(jiàn)到他的時(shí)候是在我一生中非常艱難的時(shí)期。（定語(yǔ)從句）
11. He was generous with his time,for which I was grateful.他十分慷慨地給予我時(shí)間，我為此非常感激。（He is generous with his money.他花錢(qián)大方。I am grateful to you for helping me.感謝你的幫助。Our grateful thanks are due to you.我們衷心感謝你。）
12. have little education 受的教育少
13. I could not read or write well. 我既不會(huì)讀也不會(huì)寫(xiě)。
14. I worried about whether I would become out of work. 我擔(dān)心我是不是會(huì)失業(yè)。
15. I became more hopeful about my future. 我對(duì)自己的未來(lái)充滿了希望。（I am hopeful that she will come tomorrow. 我對(duì)她明天要來(lái)抱著希望。）
16. as soon as I could 盡快， 馬上
17. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. （定語(yǔ)從句） 過(guò)去30年來(lái)所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪我們的權(quán)利，阻擋我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒(méi)有的階段。 （The 19th century saw many changes. 許多變革發(fā)生于19世紀(jì)。at an early stage in our history
在我們的歷史早期）
18. …we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 我們被置于這樣一個(gè)境地：要么我們被迫接受低人一等的現(xiàn)實(shí)，要么跟政府作斗爭(zhēng)。
19. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只有到這個(gè)時(shí)候，我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。（Only 位于句首，修飾副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，句子采用部分倒裝的語(yǔ)序；修飾狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只有主句采用部分倒裝的語(yǔ)序。
如：① Only in this way can you come up with a solution to the problem.只有這樣，你才能想出解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題的辦法。
② Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次他才來(lái)參加會(huì)議。
③ Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed.病的很重時(shí)，他才臥床休息。
Only then did I realize my mistake. 直到那時(shí)我才知道我的錯(cuò)誤.）
20. as a matter of fact 事實(shí)上 （As a matter of fact，it is health that counts. 事實(shí)上，健康才是最重要的。 As a matter of fact, parents don’t want their children to be in trouble. 事實(shí)上，父母都不希望子女有麻煩。）
21. In 1963, I helped him blow up some government buildings.
在1963年，我?guī)椭Я艘恍┱髽?。（Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?
你能借給我個(gè)打氣筒給車(chē)胎打打氣嗎?
Then it turned out that some stars, like our own sun will blow up one day. 然后，事實(shí)上有些恒星，就像我們自己的太陽(yáng)，有朝一日會(huì)爆炸。）
22. …I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal. ……我知道這是為了實(shí)現(xiàn)我們的黑人和白人平等的夢(mèng)想。
23. in trouble 處于困境 遇到麻煩? ?
Do as you're told, otherwise you'll be in trouble.叫你怎麼做就怎麼做, 否則有麻煩.
24. be willing to do sth. 愿意，樂(lè)于Only very few people would be willing to share with him their opinions.很少有人愿意跟他分享他們的見(jiàn)解。
25. What was his attitude towards the unfair situation black people faced? 他對(duì)黑人面臨的不公平處境什么態(tài)度？
26. turn to 變成；求助于，借助于, 翻到，轉(zhuǎn)向??
She had no one to turn to for advice.
她沒(méi)有一個(gè)可以商量的人。
Who can I turn to in my hour of need? 在我需要的時(shí)候我能向誰(shuí)求助呢？
As they were out of work,??Mr and Mrs Black had to turn to their relatives for help.布萊克夫婦由于失業(yè)，不得不向親戚求幫助。
27. … the quality of life for black people got worse. …… 黑人的生活質(zhì)量更糟糕。
28….many people remember me as one of the first active black fighters for human rights 很多人認(rèn)為我是為人權(quán)而戰(zhàn)的第一批積極的黑人戰(zhàn)士之一。
29. lose heart 灰心;泄氣, 喪失勇氣,失去信心
Difficulties were increasing. Even then we did not lose heart. 盡管困難在增加，但我們毫不灰心。
You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，你遲早會(huì)成功。
If you fail, you should not lose heart but just keep on going. 如果你失敗了，你也不該灰心。
30. escape from 逃脫，逃離，從……逃出
He listens to music as an escape from the pressures of work.
他聽(tīng)音樂(lè)以緩解一下工作的壓力.
He stayed in the background to escape from the public attention. 他呆在幕后為了避開(kāi)公眾的注意。
The couple had a narrow escape from the fire.這對(duì)夫妻從火災(zāi)中死里逃生。
31. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep. 在午餐的休息時(shí)間和晚上我們本應(yīng)該睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候他教授我們。
should have done 本應(yīng)做而未做
needn’t have done 本不應(yīng)做而做了
can’t have done 過(guò)去不可能做過(guò)
32. He said they should not be stopped from studying for their degrees.他說(shuō)他們不應(yīng)該被剝奪通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)獲得學(xué)位的權(quán)利。
33. …but they did pass their exams. 但是他們確實(shí)通過(guò)了考試。
34. That made me feel good about myself. 這讓我覺(jué)得自己還不錯(cuò)。
35. be better educated 受到良好教育
36. I didn’t work again for twenty years until the ANC came to power in 1994. 在非國(guó)大于1994年執(zhí)政之前，我有20年沒(méi)有工作。（After Mandela came to power and became president, his government did their best to change the unfair situation for black people. 曼德勒掌權(quán)成為總統(tǒng)后，他的政府盡力為黑人改變不平等的狀況。）
37. All the terror and fear of that time came back to me.
我回憶起那時(shí)的所有的恐怖和令人畏懼的情景。
After the attack , her eyes filled with terror every time when she saw a dog. 自從遭遇襲擊之后，她每次看見(jiàn)狗，眼睛里都滿是恐懼。
38. be proud to do sth.
I'll be proud to be part of it
我會(huì)以成為其中一份子而自豪。
be proud of sth
You should be proud of what you have achieved.你們應(yīng)當(dāng)為自己所取得的成績(jī)而自豪。
39. set up創(chuàng)立，建立，為…作準(zhǔn)備；豎立，架起，建造；開(kāi)業(yè)，開(kāi)始經(jīng)商
The company was set up ten years ago.
公司是十年前建立的。
He plans to set up his own business.
他決定自己做生意。
He begged me to let him join the club we have just set up. 他懇求我讓他加入我們剛建立的俱樂(lè)部。
40. be sentenced to … 被判處……
He suggested that the murderer referred to be sentenced to death at once.他建議所涉及到的殺人兇手立刻被判處死刑。
Robert was sentenced to three years in prison for stealing and released a month ago. 羅伯特因偷竊被判處三年監(jiān)禁，于一個(gè)月前被釋放。
41. Do you have any thoughts on that? 你認(rèn)為那怎么樣？
42. to my understanding
按我的理解
43. He was in poor health in his youth so he had to be educated at home. 他年輕時(shí)身體不好，所有只得在家接受教育。
44. be accepted by … 被……錄取、接受
45. give free medical care to people there
給那兒的人免費(fèi)醫(yī)療
As far as I know, in some developed countries people enjoy free medical care.就我所知，在一些發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家人們享有免費(fèi)醫(yī)療。
46. He died from blood poisoning.
他死于敗血癥。
47. At that time the war between China and Japan was under way.那時(shí)中日戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)正在進(jìn)行之中。
48. Mao Zedong praised Bethune’s excellent qualities in this article. 毛澤東在這篇文章了贊揚(yáng)了白求恩的優(yōu)良品質(zhì)。
49. point of view 觀察點(diǎn)；觀點(diǎn)
It depends on your point of view.這將因個(gè)人觀點(diǎn)而異。
50. compete with… 與……競(jìng)爭(zhēng)??
If you want to compete with someone, compete with yourself. 如果你想同別人競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，先同自己競(jìng)爭(zhēng)。
51. advise
常用搭配
advise + n./pron.
advise + doing
advise sb. to do sth.
advise + that從句（從句的謂語(yǔ)用“should + v原”， should 常省略）
注：1）與advise用法類(lèi)似的動(dòng)詞如forbid, ,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動(dòng)詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要用動(dòng)名詞，但接賓補(bǔ)（主補(bǔ)）時(shí)，賓補(bǔ)（主補(bǔ)）要用不定式。
如：We forbid smoking here.（賓語(yǔ)，用動(dòng)名詞） We forbid you to smoke here.（賓補(bǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式） You are forbidden to smoke here.（主補(bǔ)，用動(dòng)詞不定式）
2）區(qū)別：advise（勸說(shuō)）/persuade（勸服）
1)我勸過(guò)他，但未能勸服他。_______________________________
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Unit 1 Friendship
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be good to ??對(duì)….友好
add up ?合計(jì)
another time ?改時(shí)間
get sth done ?使…被做
calm down ?鎮(zhèn)定下來(lái)
have got to ?不得不
be concerned about ?關(guān)心；掛念
walk the dog ?遛狗
make a list of ??列出
share sth with sb ?和某人分享某物
go through ?經(jīng)歷；仔細(xì)檢查
hide away ?躲藏；隱藏
set down ?放下；記下
a series of 一系列；一套
be crazy about ?對(duì)…著迷
on purpose ?故意
in order to/ so as to ?為了
face to face 面對(duì)面地
according to ?按照；根據(jù)…所說(shuō)
get along with 與…相處
pack up ?收拾，打理行裝
have trouble with sb/sth 同某人鬧意見(jiàn)；做…有困難
fall in love ?相愛(ài)
throw away the friendship ?放棄/終止友誼
try out ?試驗(yàn)；試用
join in ?參加（活動(dòng)）
communicate with sb 和…交際
far and wide ??到處
look to sth ?注意，留心某事
cheat sb (out) of sth ?騙取某人某物
have the/a habit of doing sth ?有做…的習(xí)慣 ??
be ignorant of ??無(wú)知的
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1. I wonder if… ?我想知道是否….
2. It’s because… ?這是因?yàn)椤? ?此從句中because不能用since或as 代替
3. What do you think a good friend should be like? ?你認(rèn)為一個(gè)好朋友應(yīng)該是什么樣的呢？
4. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
?=While you were walking the dog, …在遛狗時(shí)，你不小心讓狗掙脫了繩子，結(jié)果狗被車(chē)撞了。
（當(dāng)while, when, before, after 等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可將從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞省去。）
5. Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? 你想有一位無(wú)話不談、能推心置腹的朋友嗎？
6. I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我已經(jīng)很久不能去戶外，所以我變得對(duì)自然界的所有東西都很感興趣。
7. I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds, moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. ?我記得非常清楚，曾有一段時(shí)間，湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花，從未使我心醉神迷過(guò)。
8. It was the first time in a year and a half that I’d seen the night face to face.
?這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚。
9. I would be grateful if you could give me some advice. ??如果您給我提些建議，我會(huì)非常感謝的。 ?（I would be grateful if… ?委婉客氣提出請(qǐng)求）
10. It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary. ??記日記對(duì)你來(lái)說(shuō)是個(gè)好習(xí)慣。
11. She found it difficult to settle and…
12. This series of readers is very interesting.
13. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
14. People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blows from the sea.
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Unit2 English around the world
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in…ways 在…方面 ??
be different from 與…不同
play a role/ part (in) 在…中擔(dān)任角色；在…中起作用;扮演一個(gè)角色；參與
play an important role/ part 在…中起重要作用 ??because of 因?yàn)?；由?/span>
such as 例如
believe it or not 信不信由你
come up (vi) 走進(jìn)；上來(lái)；發(fā)生；被討論
come up with 提出
come up to a place 參觀某地
ever before 從前
at the end of 在…末期
even if/ though 即使
be based on 在...基礎(chǔ)上
close to 距離…近
make (good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用
change…into 把…變成
in the early days 在早期
from one place to another 從一處到另一處
take…with…隨身攜帶
the same…as 與…相同的
at present 目前
as a rule 通常；照例
be present at 在席；出席
carry out a rule 執(zhí)行規(guī)則
be absent from 缺席
be a native of 是…人
present sth to sb / present sb with sth
be native to 是…的土產(chǎn)動(dòng)物/植物
at sb’s request 應(yīng)某人的要求
have a command of掌握
make a request 請(qǐng)求
give commands 命令
request that …(should)+v原形
in one direction 朝一個(gè)方向
an international language 一門(mén)國(guó)際語(yǔ)言 ??an international organization 一個(gè)國(guó)際組織
in the 1600’s = in the 1600s
as we know 正如我們所知
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1. However, they may not be able to understand everything.
（然而，他們可能不是什么都懂。）
2. This is because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.
(這是因?yàn)橛?guó)于1765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過(guò)印度。)
3. All languages change when cultures communicate with one another.
(當(dāng)不同文化互相溝通時(shí)，所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)發(fā)生變化。)
4. What the British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.
(美國(guó)人把被英國(guó)人稱(chēng)作“petrol”的東西稱(chēng)作“gas”。 此處what引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句)
5. Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.
(實(shí)際上，當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為基礎(chǔ)的，而現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)不是。)
6. …those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.
7. The US is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.
(in which= where, 其引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。 美國(guó)是一個(gè)大國(guó)，國(guó)內(nèi)說(shuō)著許許多多的方言。)
8. …there is more than one kind of English in the world.
(more than one+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù))
9. It is not easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native English speaker.
(對(duì)于一個(gè)中國(guó)人來(lái)說(shuō)把英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得跟以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人一樣好是不容易的。)
句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 對(duì)于某人來(lái)說(shuō)做某事是…
擴(kuò)充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth
當(dāng)句式中形容詞修飾to do sth 時(shí)用for; 若形容詞修飾sb，則用of.
eg: It’s kind of you to help me carry the box.
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1. ?either…or…和neither…nor…連接兩個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采取就近原則。
2. be different in
強(qiáng)調(diào)在某方面的不同
be different from ??強(qiáng)調(diào)在各方面的不同
3. ?in the end 最后，最終 ??后無(wú)of 結(jié)構(gòu)
三個(gè)表示最后最終的用法：
⑴finally: 按照順序的最后，常與first, secondly 等連用
⑵at last: 經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間等待直到最后
⑶in the end: 經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)期曲折斗爭(zhēng)努力，終于… ???如：戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等
4. 與人交談，常會(huì)有聽(tīng)不清楚或聽(tīng)不懂的情形，遇到這種情況該如何開(kāi)口呢？
⑴Pardon?
⑵I beg your pardon? I don’t understand./ Sorry, I can’t follow you.
對(duì)不起，我沒(méi)聽(tīng)懂，請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍好嗎？
⑶Could you say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 請(qǐng)?jiān)僬f(shuō)一遍好嗎？
⑷Could you speak more slowly, please? 請(qǐng)你說(shuō)得慢一點(diǎn)好嗎？
5. include ─ including; included
identity ─ identify
actually ─ actual (adj); ???rapidly ─ rapid (v)
government (n) ─ govern(v)
wide (adj) ─ widen (v); ??broad (adj) ─ broaden (v)
foreign ─ foreigner;
solve (v) ─ solution (n)
6. ?petrol------gas ;
lift------elevator;
flat------apartment
film------movie; ???sweets----candy;
post------mail ??
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Unit3 Travel Journal
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one-way fare 單程票 ?????????????????
round-trip fare 往返票
dream of/ about doing sth ?夢(mèng)想做某事 ??
graduate from 從…畢業(yè)
go for long bike rides 做長(zhǎng)途自行車(chē)旅行
persuade sb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 說(shuō)服某人做某事
persuade sb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 說(shuō)服某人不做某事
get sb interested in 使某人對(duì)… 感興趣
insist on (one’s) sth/ doing sth 一定要；堅(jiān)持要
the best way of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好辦法
at an altitude of 在…海拔上 ??????????
attitude to/ toward(s) 對(duì)…態(tài)度
care about 憂慮，關(guān)心 ?care for喜歡，照顧 ?
care to do愿意/同意做某事
change one’s mind 改變主意 ??????????
to my mind = in my opinion
make up one’s mind to do 決心干某事
determine to do sth ( 動(dòng)作) ?/ ?be determined to do sth （心理） 決心干某事
give in (to) 投降；屈服；讓步 ????????
give in (vt) 上交
give up 放棄 ???????????????????????
give up doing/sth
as usual 像往常一樣 ????????????????
at midnight 午夜
make camp 野營(yíng)，宿營(yíng) ??????????????
put up one’s tents 搭起帳篷
sth be familiar to sb某事為某人所熟悉 ?
sb be familiar with sth某人熟悉某事
can’t wait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事
for one thing… for another （用來(lái)引出某事的理由）一則… 二則…
take one’s breath away 使某人大吃一驚
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1. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.
強(qiáng)調(diào)句基本句型：it is/ was…. that….其中指人時(shí)可用who(主)，whom(賓)。
2. Although she didn’t know the best way of getting to places, she insisted that we (should) find the source of the river.
insist that….(should)+ v原形 ??堅(jiān)持要；堅(jiān)持要求
insist that….陳述語(yǔ)氣 ????????堅(jiān)持說(shuō)；堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為
3. Have you ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor)
4. To climb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.
5. Good luck on your journey.
6. The lake shone like glass in the moonlight. (simile)
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Unit4 ?Earthquakes
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have time to do 有時(shí)間做某事 ?????????????????
happen to do 碰巧做某事
shake hands with sb 握手 ?????????????????????
burst into tears/ laughter ?
burst out crying/laughing
突然哭/笑起來(lái) ?????????????
in ruins 成為廢墟 ???????????????????????????
cut across 穿過(guò)、橫穿
blow away 吹走、刮走 ???????????????????????
fall down 倒塌
rescue workers 救援人員 ??????????????????????
be pleased to do 樂(lè)意做某事
make/ give a speech 發(fā)表演說(shuō) ??????????????????
judging….from 根據(jù)……來(lái)判斷
tens of thousands of 成千上萬(wàn) ??????????????????
dig out 挖掘
a great/ large number of =a great many/good ?大量的
be trapped in/ under 陷入……/ 陷在……下面
the high school speaking competition 高中演講比賽
have sb do sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
come to an end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 結(jié)束某事
be proud of / take pride in 以……而自豪
invite sb to do sth 邀請(qǐng)某人做某事 ????????????
think little of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)低 ??
invite sb for/ to sth ??????????????????????????
think highly of 對(duì)……評(píng)價(jià)高
one-third 1/3 ????two-thirds ?2/3 ???????
seventy-five percent ??75%
agree with sb ??????????????????????????????
give out 發(fā)出（氣味等）；分發(fā)；耗盡
agree to sth ????????????????????????????????
give off 發(fā)出（氣味等）
agree to do sth ?????????????????????????????
give away 贈(zèng)送；泄露
agree on sth 達(dá)成一致意見(jiàn) ??????????????????
give back 歸還
right away= right now= at once= immediately 立刻
as you know 正如你所知道的 ????????????????
be known as 作為……而知名
as is known to all 眾所周知 ??????????????????
be known for 因……而出名
as could be expected 正如可以預(yù)料到的 ???????
it is useless doing sth 干某事是無(wú)用的
happen= take place= come about= break out
偶發(fā) ??有計(jì)劃 ?????偶發(fā) ????戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)等爆發(fā)
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1. It is always calm before a storm.
2. Now, imagine there has been a big earthquake. ?此句為T(mén)here be 句型
3. Mice ran out of the fields looking for places to hide. ?現(xiàn)在分詞表伴隨
4. It seemed that the world was at an end.
5. Water, food and electricity were hard to get.
句型：主語(yǔ)+ be + adj + to do ??其中to do 用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義
6. All hope was not lost. ????all 與not 連用 表示部分否定
7. It’s never too late to learn. ??活到老，學(xué)到老。
附：分詞用法 之 ?作定語(yǔ)
falling leaves ?正在落的葉子 ???????????????boiling water ?正在沸騰的水
fallen leaves ??已經(jīng)落在地上的葉子 ?????????boiled water ?開(kāi)水
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Unit5 Nelson Mandela----a modern hero
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lose heart 喪失勇氣
worry about 擔(dān)心（動(dòng)作）
lose one’s heart to sb/sth ?愛(ài)上，喜歡上
be worried about 擔(dān)心（狀態(tài)）
in trouble 處于不幸中
be sentenced to 被判處
be out of work = lose one’s job 失業(yè)
be equal to 相等的，平等的
as a matter of fact = in fact = actually 事實(shí)上 ????????beg for 乞討
blow up 充氣，爆炸
set up 建立，創(chuàng)立；設(shè)置，豎起
send up 發(fā)射，使上漲
set about 著手做某事 (set about doing sth)
go up 上升，增長(zhǎng)；被興建
set off 出發(fā)，動(dòng)身
set up 設(shè)立，建立；設(shè)置，豎起
set out 陳列，擺出；開(kāi)始（set out to do sth）
be active in = take an active part in 積極參與，在……活躍
keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 ???????die for 為……而死
stop sb (from) doing sth
die from 死于（外因）
prevent sb (from) doing sth
die of 死于（內(nèi)因 如：饑餓，寒冷，疾病等）
put sb in prison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把……投入監(jiān)獄
advise sb to do sth 建議某人做某事
advice 不可數(shù) ??a piece of advice
advise doing sth
fight for 為爭(zhēng)取……而斗爭(zhēng)
advise sb on sth
fight against 為反對(duì)……而斗爭(zhēng)
advise that (should)+ v原
fight with 同……并肩作戰(zhàn)/ 同……斗爭(zhēng)
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble with sth
work out 算出
have problems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth ?????????have a go= have a try
be willing to do sth 樂(lè)于做某事
realize one’s dream of 實(shí)現(xiàn)…… 的夢(mèng)想
answer violence with violence 以暴制暴
break the law 違反法律
come to power 當(dāng)權(quán)，上臺(tái)
social activities 社會(huì)活動(dòng)
equal (adj)------equally (adv)------equality (n) ?????????violence (n)------violent (adj)
cruelty (n)------cruel (adj)------cruelly (adv)
educated (adj)------education (n)
willing----unwilling 不愿意的
active----inactive 不活躍的
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1. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.
only 放在句首且后接狀語(yǔ)時(shí)（作狀語(yǔ)：副詞；介詞短語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)從句），要使用部分倒裝------才用一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序。
Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth.
Only when his father came back did he go to bed. （從句無(wú)需倒裝，主句要倒裝）
2. He strongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; people’s rights; people’s livelihood.
他主張三民主義：民主、民權(quán)、民生。
3. I felt bad the first time I talked to the group.
the first time 用法相當(dāng)于連詞用法，用來(lái)引導(dǎo)從句
鏈接：It’s the first time that 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
It was the first time that 過(guò)去完成時(shí)
4. He taught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have been asleep.
should have done 本應(yīng)做而未做
needn’t have done 本不應(yīng)做而做了
can’t have done 過(guò)去不可能做過(guò)
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