考點(diǎn)03 ?主謂一致
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【命題解讀】
在英語(yǔ)句子里，謂語(yǔ)受主語(yǔ)支配，其動(dòng)詞必須和主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致，這就叫主謂一致。近幾年來(lái)，高考關(guān)于該內(nèi)容的考查主要集中在語(yǔ)法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致以及就近一致三個(gè)方面上。
【命題預(yù)測(cè)】
主謂一致在高考中常與名詞結(jié)合在一起進(jìn)行綜合考查，多以語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)的形式出題，在完形填空中也會(huì)有所涉及，總體難度系數(shù)較低，縱觀近年的高考真題，主謂一致中的固定搭配是考查的重難點(diǎn)。預(yù)計(jì)2020年高考仍會(huì)沿襲這一命題規(guī)律。
【復(fù)習(xí)建議】 ?
1. 掌握主謂一致的三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法形態(tài)一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致；
2. 掌握主謂一致中的固定搭配；
3. 掌握定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致；
4. 掌握倒裝句、強(qiáng)調(diào)句中的主謂一致。
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高考主謂一致的知識(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)
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一致原則
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考點(diǎn)詳解
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例句
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語(yǔ)法一致
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1. 以單數(shù)名詞或代詞、動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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His father is working on the farm.
To study English well is not easy.
What he said is very important for us all.
The children were in the classroom two hours ago.
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
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2. 由連接詞and或both …… and連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。
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Lucy and Lily are twins.
She and I are classmates.
The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.
Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
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3. 主語(yǔ)為單數(shù)名詞或代詞，盡管后面跟有with，together with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than， besides，including等引起的短語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)形式；若主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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Mr. Green，together with his wife and children，has come to China.
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
She，like you and Tom，is very tall.
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4. either，neither，each，every 或no +單數(shù)名詞和由some，any，no，every構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，都作單數(shù)看待。
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Each of us has a new book.
Everything around us is matter.
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5. 在定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that，who， which等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。
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He is one of my friends who are working hard.
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
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一致原則
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考點(diǎn)詳解
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例句
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語(yǔ)法一致
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6. 如果集體名詞指的是整個(gè)集體，它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果它指集體的成員，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。
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Class Four is on the third floor.
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
注：people，police，cattle等名詞一般都用作復(fù)數(shù)。如：The police are looking for the lost child.
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7. 由“a lot of，lots of，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of +名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)以及由“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要根據(jù)短語(yǔ)中后面名詞的數(shù)而定。
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There are a lot of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
50% of the students in our class are girls.
注：a number of 與the number of的區(qū)別
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8. 在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。
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There comes the bus.
On the wall are many pictures.
Such is the result. ??Such are the facts.
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邏輯一致
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1. what， who， which， any， more， all等代詞可以是單數(shù)，也可是復(fù)數(shù)，主要靠意思來(lái)決定。
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Which is your bag？Which are your bags？
All is going well. ?All have gone to Beijing.
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2. 表示“時(shí)間、重量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值”等的名詞的復(fù)數(shù)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式，這是由于作主語(yǔ)的名詞在概念上是一個(gè)整體。
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Thirty minutes is enough for the work.
Ten miles is too long.
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3. 若主語(yǔ)是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報(bào)名、國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式。
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“The Arabian Nights” is an interesting story-book.
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4. 表數(shù)量的短語(yǔ)“one and a half”后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞可用單數(shù)形式。
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One and a half apples is left on the table.
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一致原則
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考點(diǎn)詳解
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例句
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邏輯一致
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5. 算式中表示數(shù)目（字）的主語(yǔ)通常作單數(shù)看待，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用單數(shù)形式。
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Twelve plus eight is twenty.
Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.
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6. 一些學(xué)科名詞是以 –ics 結(jié)尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics 以及news， works等，都屬于形式上是復(fù)數(shù)的名詞，實(shí)際意義為單數(shù)名詞，它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式。
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The paper works was built in 1990.
I think physics isn‘t easy to study.
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7. trousers， glasses， clothes， shoes，jeans 等詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)，但如果這些名詞前有a（the） pair of等量詞修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
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My glasses are broken.
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.?
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8. “定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞”，表示某一類人時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
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The old are taken good care of.
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9. a (large) quantity of 修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
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A large quantity of people is needed here.
注意：quantities一般用復(fù)數(shù)。
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
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10. a great deal of, a large amount of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，?作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，?謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)；large amounts of 修飾不可數(shù)名詞，?作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。
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A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.
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就近一致
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1. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。
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Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
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2. there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。
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There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
Here引導(dǎo)的句子用法同上。
如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.
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考向一語(yǔ)法一致
語(yǔ)法一致：就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和主語(yǔ)在單、復(fù)數(shù)形式上保持一致。
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單數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
? His father is working on the farm.
???Time is money.
???To finish all the work on time is impossible.
???Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
???The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.
◆由what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句，后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞多用單數(shù)但如果表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)或what從句是一個(gè)帶有復(fù)數(shù)意義的并列結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
What I bought were 3 English books.
??What I say and do are helpful to you.
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由and 或both...and 連接起來(lái)的合成主語(yǔ)后面謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
??She and I are friends.
??Both she and he are Young Pioneers.
◆如果and所連接的兩個(gè)詞是指同一個(gè)人或物時(shí)，它后面的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就用單數(shù)。
??The writer and artist has come.
◆由and 連接的并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)前分別有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Every student and every teacher was in the room.
??No boy and no girl likes it.
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主語(yǔ)后面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
??Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.
??Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
??She, like you and Tom, is very tall.
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either, neither, each, every或no+單數(shù)neither/neither/none of ＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞，還有some, any, no, every 構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Each of us has a new book.
??Everything around us is matter.
Neither of the texts is interesting.
??None of us has been to South Africa.
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定語(yǔ)從句中，關(guān)系代詞that, which, who 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)和先行詞一致。
He is one of my students who are working hard.
??He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
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1.（2019·江蘇卷·單項(xiàng)填空）The musician along with his band members ___________ ten performances in the last three months.
A. gives B. has given C. have given D. give
【答案】B
【解析】考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與主謂一致。句意：在過去的三個(gè)月里，這名音樂家與他的樂隊(duì)成員已經(jīng)完成了十場(chǎng)演出。由“in the last three months”可知，這句話的時(shí)態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故排除AD選項(xiàng)。本句主語(yǔ)為the musician，為第三人稱單數(shù)形式，句中的“along with his band members”是附加成分，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。故選B。
2（2018·新課標(biāo)卷I·語(yǔ)法填空）While running regularly?can’t make you live forever, the review says it ??64???(be) more effective at lengthening life ??65than???walking, cycling or swimming.
【答案】is
【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。醫(yī)學(xué)報(bào)告顯示：跑步比散步、騎車和游泳更能有效地延長(zhǎng)壽命。這里敘述的是一個(gè)事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)是it，表示單數(shù)概念。故填is。
3.He is one of the most selfish men that _______ ever lived; that’s why hardly _______ making friends with him.
A.?has；anyone likes B.?have；does anyone like
C.?has；no one likes D.?have；anyone likes
【答案】D
【解析】考查主謂一致。that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句修飾的是名詞復(fù)數(shù)men，因此定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用have。第一個(gè)空考查的是定語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，one of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+關(guān)系代詞+復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞，因此第一個(gè)空用have；后半句譯為＂那就是幾乎沒有任何人和他交朋友的原因＂，hardly表示＂幾乎不＂，根據(jù)句意，后面應(yīng)是肯定句，故排除C項(xiàng)；hardly作為否定副詞放在句首時(shí)，句子才使用倒裝語(yǔ)序，因此排除B項(xiàng)。故選D項(xiàng)。
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集體名詞family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等，指整體時(shí)，用單數(shù)；指集體的成員時(shí)，用復(fù)數(shù)。
??His family is a happy one.
The whole family ?are watching TV.
The population of China is 1400 million.(人口)
One third of the population here are workers.(人)
◆people, cattle, police作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
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由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of ＋名詞，或者是分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋名詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。
??The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
??A lot of time is wasted.
??A lot of people take part in the meeting.
??2/3 water is drunk by him.
??2/3 students are absent.
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倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)v.的數(shù)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。
On the wall are many pictures.
??Such is the result.
??Such are the facts.
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It is important to remember that success ________ a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________ years of achieve.
A. is; takes B. are; takes C. are; take D. is; take
【答案】A
【解析】主謂一致指＂人稱＂和＂數(shù)＂方面的一致關(guān)系。根據(jù)分析，第一空的謂語(yǔ)要填一個(gè)單數(shù)，因?yàn)榇速e語(yǔ)從句：…that success?????a sum of…day.的主語(yǔ)是success，一個(gè)單數(shù)名詞，故謂語(yǔ)要用is；后面的句子：often????years to achieve.的主語(yǔ)也是success，故第二空的謂語(yǔ)也是一個(gè)單數(shù)形式。句意：成功是將每天一小點(diǎn)努力積累起來(lái)，是需要多年的努力去達(dá)到，記住這些很重要。
考向二 意義一致原則
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表示時(shí)間、度量、長(zhǎng)度、價(jià)值等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槠湓诟拍钌鲜且粋€(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
Twenty minutes is enough for the work.
??One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.
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如果是書名，片名，格言，劇名，報(bào)名，國(guó)名等的復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
one and a half ＋復(fù)數(shù)n.，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
One and a half apples is left on the table.
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算是中表示數(shù)目通常用單數(shù)（加減乘除）
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表示學(xué)科的以－ics結(jié)尾的名詞作主語(yǔ)，用單數(shù)。
Physics is an important subject in middle schools.
??Mathematics is the study of numbers.
??Politics, economics, athletics等。
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復(fù)數(shù)形式的單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，意義一致。
??The glass works was built up in 1980.
??These glass works are near the railway station.
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由兩部分組成的名詞，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。a?pair of 等量詞時(shí)，視情況而定。
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The ＋ adj. 表示一類人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)用復(fù)數(shù)。
The young are usually very active.
??The old are lonely.
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【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷·語(yǔ)法填空】?Of the??nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ___70___?(be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
【答案】are
【解析】時(shí)態(tài)和考查主謂一致。根據(jù)three are declining，此處數(shù)詞six作主語(yǔ)，代指前文中的“polar bear subpopulations”，故用復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故填are。
考向三 就近一致原則
就近一致：在英語(yǔ)句子中，有時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
（1）當(dāng)兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)由either … or， neither … nor，whether … or …，not only …but also連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和鄰近的主語(yǔ)一致。
Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.
他的父母和我都不能說(shuō)服他改變注意。
（2）there be句型的be動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語(yǔ)。如果其后是由and連接的兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，則應(yīng)與靠近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)保持一致。
There are?two?pens，a?book?and?three?pencils?on?the?desk. 書桌上有兩支鋼筆，一本書和三支鉛筆。
There?is a?book，two?pens?and?three?pencils?on?the?desk.? 書桌上有一本書，兩支鋼筆和三支鉛筆。?
（3）在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。
Here is a map and a handbook for you. 這是一張你的地圖和一本手冊(cè)。
Such are the facts. 事實(shí)就是如此。
（4）就遠(yuǎn)原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面主語(yǔ)一致。
主語(yǔ)后面接連接性短語(yǔ)時(shí)，這種結(jié)構(gòu)并不影響主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的關(guān)系，即謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。此類連接性短語(yǔ)有as?well?as，as?much?as，along?with，with，like，rather?than，?together?with，but，except，besides，including，in?addition?to等。
your?sister?as?well?as?your?parents?is?very?kind?to?me.你姐姐和你父母一樣，對(duì)我很好。
she，like?you?and?betty，is?very?clever.像你和betty一樣，她也很聰明。?
?
The father as well as his three children ___________ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.
A.is going B.go C.goes D.are going
【答案】C
【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：在冬天的每個(gè)星期天下午，這位父親和他的三個(gè)孩子都去結(jié)冰的河面上滑冰。當(dāng) as well as 連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與as well as前面的名詞或代詞保持一致。本題的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)與The father保持一致，用單數(shù)形式；由時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) every Sunday afternoon可知，本句應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。故選C項(xiàng)。
考點(diǎn)三 ＂名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)＂作主語(yǔ)
名詞或代詞后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)和介詞短語(yǔ)前的名詞或代詞的人稱和數(shù)保持一致。
She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他學(xué)生都喜歡玩電腦游戲。
He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，沒人知道。
考向四 不定代詞作主語(yǔ)
1. 當(dāng)作主語(yǔ)的名詞前有each，neither，either，every修飾或each，neither，either作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?Each student has a book. 每一個(gè)學(xué)生都有一本書。
?Either answer is correct. 兩個(gè)答案都是正確的。
?Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都沒有和他在一起。
?Every minute is important to us. 每一分鐘對(duì)大家都很重要。
2. 當(dāng)復(fù)合不定代詞someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
?Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了嗎?
?Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
?Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天沒有人離開。
?
All we need?_________ a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit
trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.
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are B. was C. is D. were
【答案】C
【解析】考查主謂一致及時(shí)態(tài)用法。句中的主語(yǔ)為代詞all，代指的是物，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。再根據(jù)從句中的can可以判斷用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。句意：我們所需要的是一小塊土地，在整個(gè)一年的生長(zhǎng)季節(jié)，我們能夠種各種不同的水果樹。故C正確。
考向五 特殊名詞作主語(yǔ)
1. 國(guó)名、人名、書名、報(bào)刊名、組織機(jī)構(gòu)等專有名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使其形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也要用單數(shù)。
?The United States lies to the east of China. 美國(guó)在中國(guó)的東方。(國(guó)名)
?Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅長(zhǎng)學(xué)外語(yǔ)。(人名)
2. ＂the+形容詞＂作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，表示某類人，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
?The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顧。
?The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人講話要有禮貌。
3. 以-s結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名詞，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s結(jié)尾的抽象名詞，如news，plastics等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)。
?Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理對(duì)我來(lái)講很難學(xué)。
?The news was very exciting. 這條新聞十分激動(dòng)人心。
4. 單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同的名詞，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞前的修飾語(yǔ)來(lái)確定。
?A Chinese wants to see you. 一個(gè)中國(guó)人想見你。
?Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那邊有10只綿羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一國(guó)人，作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中國(guó)人說(shuō)漢語(yǔ)。
考向六 表數(shù)量概念的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)
1. 表示時(shí)間、金錢、距離、重量等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就過去了。
?Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就夠了。
?100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很長(zhǎng)的路。
2. 加減乘除運(yùn)算中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，其中加法與乘法也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
?Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
?Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+單數(shù)名詞＂作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?There is more than one answer. 有不止一個(gè)答案。
?Many a student has passed the exam. 許多學(xué)生通過了考試。
4. ＂one and a half+復(fù)數(shù)名詞＂作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
?One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部時(shí)間。
?One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一個(gè)半梨被留在盤子里。
5. the rest of... 短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如果of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)；如果of后接不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。
?The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行車降價(jià)出售。
?The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不見了。
6. ＂none of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞＂作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞既可以用單數(shù)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)。
?None of the dogs was/were there. 那兒沒有狗。
7. ＂a number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)＂表示＂許多/大量的……＂，其后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；＂the number of+名詞復(fù)數(shù)＂表示＂……的數(shù)量＂，其中心詞為number，故謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
?A number of farmers are standing over there. 許多農(nóng)民站在那邊。
?The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 這所學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)量已達(dá)到2 000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名詞＂作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由of后的名詞來(lái)確定。如果of后是不可數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；如果of后是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
?A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的時(shí)間。
?Plenty of workers are working. 許多工人在工作。
考向七 動(dòng)名詞、不定式和從句作主語(yǔ)
動(dòng)名詞、不定式或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)。
?Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操對(duì)你的身體有益。
?To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危險(xiǎn)。
?What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在會(huì)上的發(fā)言很重要。
?
The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $8，450 a year, which ________ a burden for some of them.
???A. are；is ????B. are；are ??C. is；are ?????D. is；is
【答案】A
【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：那所大學(xué)估計(jì)，對(duì)國(guó)際學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，一年的生活開銷大約是8450美元，這對(duì)他們中某些學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)是一個(gè)負(fù)擔(dān)。第一空的主語(yǔ)是living expenses，是復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；第二空的主語(yǔ)是which，指代的是前面整個(gè)句子，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
【辨析】
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其他情況
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例句
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and連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常常使用復(fù)數(shù)；但是and連接的并列主語(yǔ)指同一人、同一物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)。
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The writer and teacher is coming.?那位作家兼教師來(lái)了(作家和教師指同一個(gè)人)
The writer and the teacher are coming.?作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人)
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＂單數(shù)名詞或代詞+名詞或代詞+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)使用單數(shù)形式，如果之前的名詞或代詞是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)使用復(fù)數(shù)。
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Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過英格蘭。
Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football.?邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。
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＂the number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞＂作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù); ＂a(good/large) number of+復(fù)數(shù)名詞＂作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。
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The number of the students is over eight hundred.?學(xué)生人數(shù)超過八百。
A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500.?許多教師今天都出席了，有500人。
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由兩個(gè)相同部分組成的一個(gè)整體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此類名詞被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
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The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard.?剪刀在櫥柜旁邊的架子上。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼鏡的售價(jià)很高。
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當(dāng)not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor...等連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，以及在there be句型中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式采用就近一致原則。
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Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都沒有看過這部電影
Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去參加明天的會(huì)議。
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某些集體名詞class, club, family, team, group等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用意義一致原則，即依據(jù)名詞的具體含義來(lái)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.這家公司五年來(lái)迅速發(fā)展壯大。
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在這張相片里，全家人正在慶祝感恩節(jié)。
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【知識(shí)拓展】如果這一類集體名詞作為一個(gè)整體看待時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞使用單數(shù)形式，如果這一類詞指的是具體成員，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
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【巧學(xué)妙記】
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主謂一致記憶口訣
單單復(fù)復(fù)最常見，集體名詞謂用單。
如若強(qiáng)調(diào)其成員，復(fù)數(shù)謂語(yǔ)記心間。
有些名詞謂常復(fù)，people、police即這般。
主語(yǔ)單數(shù)后接介，謂語(yǔ)單數(shù)介無(wú)關(guān)。
many a作主語(yǔ)也如此，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單。
or、nor、but also、there be，近主原則掛嘴邊。
關(guān)系代詞定主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)先行詞判。
不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞，主語(yǔ)從句謂全單。
時(shí)間、貨幣與距離，謂語(yǔ)多單復(fù)少見，
rest，means，following等，意義決定其復(fù)、單。
none，all，half of等，of之賓語(yǔ)定答案。
還有分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)，仍據(jù)of之賓定復(fù)、單。
代詞all指人謂復(fù)數(shù)，all指事情謂用單。
量詞用法請(qǐng)注意，謂語(yǔ)要隨量詞變。
and連接兩名詞，身兼兩職一定冠。
no，each，every后單名，兩種事物一概念。
以上情況請(qǐng)記清，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全用單。
形容詞帶the一類人，姓氏復(fù)數(shù)加定冠，
-s結(jié)尾的海峽、山脈與群島，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)勿用單。
代詞neither，either，each，用作主語(yǔ)謂全單。
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基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)
Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.Have an aim in life or your ________ (energy) will all be wasted.
2.—How can I take the medicine，sir?
—Just follow the ________ (direct) on the bottle.
3.________ (looker-on) see more than players.
4.The glutton has two ________ (stomach) to eat but no stomach for work.
5.The fisher who draws in his net too soon won’t have any ________ (fish) to sell.
6.More than 300 ________ (coach) have been invited to the meeting.
7.They took some ________ (photo) when they visited China.
8.Mr. Smith，together with his wife and daughters，________ (be) going to visit Beijing next year.
9.Either you or one of your students ________?(be) to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.
10.Every man and every woman ________ (have) a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers. They all think what their fathers do are meaningful.
能力提升
I. 單項(xiàng)填空
1.So far as I know, a number of the students in our school?___________ from the suburb and the number of them?___________ 500.
A.?come；is B.?comes；are C.?comes；is D.?come；are
2.The teacher along with her students ___________ the Palace Museum when we came across her.
A.?were visiting B.?was visiting
C.?has visited D.?have visited
3.The teacher, ___________ several students, ___________ discussing the problem.
A.?together with；is B.?as well as；are
C.?and；is D.?along with；are
4. Not only his parents but also his elder brother ___________ to the Summer Palace. They haven’t been back yet.
A.?have been B.?have gone
C.?has been D.?has gone
5. About?___________ of his spare time?___________ spent in reading.
A.?third-fifths；are B.?three-fifths；is
C.?three-fives；are D.?three-fifth；is
6.?Jane is the only one of the students who?___________ a little Chinese and is one of my friends who?___________ studying in China now.
A.?know；have B.?knows；has
C.?knows；are D.?know；is
7.—The room is in a mess again!
—Sorry. It is?___________ who?___________.
A.?me；is to blame B.?I；is to be blamed
C.?me；am to be blamed D.?I；am to blame
8.?Do you know the man?___________ the little girl is turning to for help? He is one of the teachers who?___________ in our school.
A.?who；is working B.?whom；are working
C.?whom；works D.?which；works
9. When and where we’ll hold the meeting ___________ not been decided yet.
A.?has B.?is C.?have D.?are
10. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth?___________ each year.
A.?is washing away B.?is being washed away
C.?are washing away D.?are being washed away
II. 語(yǔ)法填空
Do you like traveling? Would you like to tell me if you? 1 (offer) the opportunity to visit a new country and stay with a family?? 2 the idea of taking a language exchange trip to a different country can be? 3 (frighten) at first, it offers a great opportunity to improve your foreign language. You also have the chance to experience the life in? 4 new and exciting place. Living with a local family is often the? 5 (good) way to understand a different culture. Staying in a hotel with other tourists is different. If you choose to live with a family, you will be able to practice your foreign language all day. Besides, the family will be friendly and make you? 6 (feel) at home. You will know all the best? 7 (place) in that country. Perhaps the most important reason to take part in a language exchange program? 8 (be) that even when you are back to your country, being able to chat with them over the Internet is a great way to keep? 9 your foreign language.? 10 (hope), the above will help you to put aside your worries and start your trip.
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體驗(yàn)真題
1.（2019·天津卷）Amy, as well as her brothers, ____________ a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.
A. is given B. are given
C. was given D. were given
2.（2017·江蘇）The publication of Great Expectations, which ____________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is ?????? B. are ?????? C. was ???? D. were
3. （2017·天津）Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming, ___________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.
A. regard ??? B. is regarded ??
C. are regarded ??? D. regards
4.?（2018·新課標(biāo)卷II·語(yǔ)法填空）Diets have changed in China — and so too has its top crop. Since 2011,the country ___61___（grow）more corn than rice.
5.(2013·江蘇)Generally，students’ inner motivation with high expectations from others ________ essential to their development.
A.is ???? B.?are ???? C.?was ?? D. were
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基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)
Ⅰ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空
1.energies 2.directions 3.Lookers－on? 4.stomachs 5.fish
6.coaches 7.photos 8.is 9.is?? 10.has
能力提升
I. 單項(xiàng)填空
1. A ?【解析】考查主謂一致。第一空的主語(yǔ)是＂a number of the students in our school＂，指＂許多學(xué)生＂，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；第二空的主語(yǔ)是＂the number of them＂，指＂學(xué)生的數(shù)量＂，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。故選A。
2. B ?【解析】考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)我們遇見那位老師的時(shí)候，她正在和她的學(xué)生們參觀故宮。名詞+介詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和介詞前面的名詞保持一致，即遵循＂就遠(yuǎn)原則＂。該題中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要和the teacher保持一致。該句時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)為＂when we came across her＂，表示過去的時(shí)間，且根據(jù)句意可知，該空表示我們遇見老師時(shí)老師正在做的事情，要用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。故選B。
3. A ?【解析】考查主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)老師和幾個(gè)學(xué)生正在討論這個(gè)問題。together with＂與……一起＂；as well as＂也，和＂；and＂和＂；along with＂與……一道＂都符合語(yǔ)境；主句的主語(yǔ)是the teacher，together with several students修飾主語(yǔ)，因此主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，所以第二空用謂語(yǔ)用is。綜上所述，故選A。
4. D ?【解析】句意：不僅他的父母而且他的哥哥也去了頤和園，他們還沒有回來(lái)。not only... but (also)...連接的并列成分作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與but (also)后的成分在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致；再結(jié)合語(yǔ)境＂They haven’t been back yet.＂可知D項(xiàng)切題。
5. B ?【解析】考查分?jǐn)?shù)和主謂一致的用法。句意：他大約花費(fèi)五分之三的空閑時(shí)間在看書上。表達(dá)分?jǐn)?shù)時(shí)，分子應(yīng)用基數(shù)詞，分母應(yīng)用序數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于一時(shí)，序數(shù)詞后面加-s；又因主語(yǔ)是不可數(shù)名詞，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。故選B。
6. C ?【解析】考查主謂一致的用法。在第一個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的這個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞是the only one，所以從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；而在第二個(gè)who引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，先行詞是my friends，所以從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)。故選C。
7. D ?【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語(yǔ)I，所以系動(dòng)詞用am；be to blame是固定搭配，指＂該受責(zé)備，應(yīng)承擔(dān)責(zé)任＂。故選D。
8. B ?【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句和主謂一致。定語(yǔ)從句中turn to后缺少賓語(yǔ)，且指代先行詞the man，故用that或whom；第二空對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)who替代復(fù)先行詞the teachers，故該動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，選B項(xiàng)。
9. A ?【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：何時(shí)何地舉行會(huì)議現(xiàn)在還沒有決定。本句中，兩個(gè)特殊疑問詞when和where指的是同一件事情，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，根據(jù)yet判斷本句為現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，故A項(xiàng)正確。
10. D 【解析】考查主謂一致和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：隨著更多的森林正在被破壞，每年有大量的好泥土正在被沖走。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)來(lái)定，本句中quantity為復(fù)數(shù)，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故排除A項(xiàng)和B項(xiàng)；又因?yàn)?/span>earth和wash away之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，故選D項(xiàng)。
II. 語(yǔ)法填空
【文章大意】本文是一篇議論文，論述了如果你想學(xué)好一門外語(yǔ)或是體驗(yàn)?zāi)骋粋€(gè)國(guó)家的風(fēng)土人情，語(yǔ)言交流之旅將是你的不二選擇的原因。用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交流是考生必備的學(xué)科素養(yǎng)，體現(xiàn)了高考注重培養(yǎng)中學(xué)生跨文化交際的能力。
1.have been offered
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：你能不能告訴我你是否曾經(jīng)有機(jī)會(huì)去過一個(gè)新的國(guó)家并和那里的一個(gè)家庭居住在一起?分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，主語(yǔ)you和謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞offer之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，因此用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);又根據(jù)所給語(yǔ)境可知，提供機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)生在過去，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生一定的影響，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2.Although/Though
【解析】考查連詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示雖然去一個(gè)不同的國(guó)家參加語(yǔ)言交流項(xiàng)目這一想法起初聽起來(lái)有點(diǎn)嚇人，但是這個(gè)項(xiàng)目可以給你提供很好的提高外語(yǔ)水平的機(jī)會(huì)。前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，因此要用Although/Though。
3.frightening
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞-ing形式或動(dòng)詞-ed形式。此處表示去一個(gè)不同的國(guó)家參加語(yǔ)言交流項(xiàng)目這一想法起初聽起來(lái)有點(diǎn)令人害怕。動(dòng)詞frighten的形容詞形式有兩個(gè)：frightened和frightening。前者表示"感到害怕的"，后者表示"令人害怕的"。此處用來(lái)修飾主語(yǔ)the idea，因此應(yīng)該用形容詞frightening。
4.a
【解析】考查冠詞。句意：你還有機(jī)會(huì)體驗(yàn)在一個(gè)新的、令人激動(dòng)的地方的生活。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，句中place表示泛指意義，故用不定冠詞。
5.best
【解析】考查形容詞最高級(jí)。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示和當(dāng)?shù)厝俗≡谝黄鹜ǔＪ菍W(xué)習(xí)他們的文化的最好的方式。故此處應(yīng)用good的最高級(jí)形式best。
6.feel
【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句中動(dòng)詞make后可接賓補(bǔ)，構(gòu)成"make+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)"結(jié)構(gòu)。注意make后的賓補(bǔ)為不定式時(shí)，應(yīng)省略不定式符號(hào)to。
7.places
【解析】考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：你將了解那個(gè)國(guó)家所有最好的地方。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合句中的all可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。
8.is
【解析】考查考主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知本空應(yīng)填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，又因?yàn)橹髡Z(yǔ)為reason，因此應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。
9.up
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞固定搭配。此處表示當(dāng)你回到你的祖國(guó)，能夠和他們?cè)诨ヂ?lián)網(wǎng)上聊天是保持你的外語(yǔ)水平的很好的方式。動(dòng)詞詞組keep up意為"使某事物保持(在同一水平，通常指高水平)"。
10.Hopefully
【解析】考查副詞。句意：希望以上所述能夠幫助你放下你的顧慮，開始你的旅程。本空用來(lái)修飾整個(gè)句子，因此應(yīng)該用副詞形式。又因?yàn)楸究赵诰涫?，所以單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。
體驗(yàn)真題
1.C?【解析】本題考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)和主謂一致態(tài)。句意：艾米和他的兄弟們當(dāng)上周回到村里時(shí)，受到了熱烈的歡迎。根據(jù)last week可知應(yīng)用過去時(shí)，排除選項(xiàng)A和B。as well as連接并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞就前原則。這句話真正的主語(yǔ)是Amy，她受到熱烈歡迎，所以用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)。故選C。
2. C ?【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是包含定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，先行詞是Great Expectations是書名，看作單數(shù)，所以定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)也要使用單數(shù)形式；根據(jù)＂strengthened＂可知，＂被廣泛閱讀和得到高度評(píng)價(jià)＂發(fā)生在過去，故選C。
3. B ?【解析】句意：現(xiàn)在騎自行車、慢跑和游泳被認(rèn)為是最全面的鍛煉方式之一。根據(jù)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)regard...as…?(把……看做……)和句意確定應(yīng)該用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，排除A和D；由介詞短語(yǔ)along with連接的三個(gè)名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該就前一致，即用單數(shù)，排除C。故選B。
4.?has grown【解析】考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。since加時(shí)間點(diǎn)，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)為the?country，所以應(yīng)該應(yīng)該用單數(shù)形式。句意：2011年以來(lái)，中國(guó)種植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
5.A 【解析】考查主謂一致。句意為：通常情況，對(duì)別人期望很高的學(xué)生的內(nèi)在動(dòng)機(jī)對(duì)他們的發(fā)展是必要的。主語(yǔ)students’ inner motivation表示單數(shù)意義，所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，并且敘述的是現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選A項(xiàng)。
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