2019年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一試卷（上海卷）
試卷副標(biāo)題
考試范圍：xxx；考試時(shí)間：120分鐘；命題人：xxx
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一、 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或單詞的正確形式填空（共1題）
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Start with the end and work backwards
??????When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren't any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization ??1 ??he would have to determine "what's next" on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something??2 ??(happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.
??????Jason set up a plan that in five years he ??3 ??(show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point ??4 ??which to work backwards.
??????By setting the goal, all of Jason's efforts ??5 ??(point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make ??6 ??familiar with the market environment.
??????As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities ??7 ??got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. ??8 ??(inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.
??????In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. ??9 ??scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名冊(cè)) . He had his first exhibition there one year later.
??????Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in ??10 ??(do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.
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二、 選用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空（共1題）
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A. repetitive ???B. continually ?????C. alerts ??????????D. pattern
E. locate ??????F. mental ?????????G. challenge ???????H. network
I. evolving ????J. reversely ????????K. literacy ????????????????????
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Bill Drayton believes we're in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people's lives had a certain ??11 ?. You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.
But these days machines can do pretty much anything that's ??12 ?. The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.
Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then ??13 ??adapt as situations change.
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to ??14 ??with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that ??15 ??everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls "cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all." Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in ??16 ??circumstances. "For the good of all" is the capacity to build teams.
It doesn't matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can ??17 ??problems and organize responses.
Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: "We don't need you. We don't need your kids, either." Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.
The central ??18 ??of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal ??19 ?. Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.
Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of ??20 ??shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.
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????????More people are travelling than ever before, and lower harriers to entry and falling costs means they are doing so for ??21 ??periods.
??????The rise of "city breaks"—48-hour bursts of foreign cultures, easier on the pocket and annual leave balance has increased tourist numbers, but not their ??22 ??spread. The same attractions have been used to market cities such as Paris, Barcelona and Venice for decades, and visitors use the same infrastructure as residents to reach them. "Too many people do the same thing at the exact same time," says Font. "For??23 ?, the city no longer belongs to them."
??????This starts with marketing, says Font, who notes that Amsterdam has started advising visitors to seek??24 ??outside of the city centre on its official website. "That takes some balls, really to do that. But only so many people will look at the website, and it means they can say to their residents they're doing all they can to ease congestion."
??????But it also ??25 ??a better way, it is called "detourism": sustainable travel tips an ??26 ??itineraries for exploring an authentic Venice, off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year.
??????A greater variety of ??27 ??for prospective visitors—ideas for what to do in off-peak seasons, for example, or outside of the city center—can have the effect of diverting them from already saturated landmarks, or ??28 ??short breaks away in the first place. Longer stays ??29 ??the pressure, says Font. If you go to Paris for two days, you're going to go to the Eiffel Tower. "If you go for two weeks, you're not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times."
??????Similarly, repeat visitors have a better sense of the ??30 ?, "We should be asking how we get tourists to ??31 ?, not how to get them to come for the first time. If they're coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours."
??????Local governments can foster this sustainable activity by giving preference to responsible operator and even high-paying consumers. Font says cities could stand to be more selective about the tourists they try to attract when the current metric for marketing success is how many there are, and how far they've come. "You're thinking, 'yeah but at what cost...'."
??????He points to unpublished data from the Barcelona Tourist Board that prioritizes Japanese tourists for spending an average of €40 more per day than French tourist as a(n) ??32 ??that fails to take into account their bigger carbon footprint. ??33 ??tourists are also more likely to be repeat visitors that come at off-peak times, buy local produce, and ??34 ??to less crowded parts of the city—all productive steps towards more ??35 ??tourism, and more peaceful relations with residents.
21. A．longer B．shorter C．wider D．clearer
22. A．environmental B．national
C．economic D．geographic
23. A．locals B．tourists C．visitors D．cleaners
24. A．transports B．accommodation
C．restaurants D．service
25. A．addresses B．paves C．proposes D．receives
26. A．separate B．individual C．alternative D．objective
27. A．reform B．guidance C．invitation D．support
28. A．convincing B．discouraging C．preventing D．resisting
29. A．pace B．escape C．withstand D．ease
30. A．culture B．knowledge
C．entertainment D．ability
31. A．take over B．bring up C．come back D．lay off
32. A．distinction B．harmony C．association D．comparison
33. A．French B．Italian C．Spanish D．German
34. A．carry out B．give into C．spread out D．impact on
35. A．slight B．complex C．temporary D．sustainable
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MTLEDANON ICE CENTER *900 CEDAR BOULEVARD*
PITTSBURGH, PA 15228
(412)561-4363 ??www.mtlebanon.org
WHO: Skaters of all ages and abilities. Must be 3 years of age and potty trained.
??????Any Preschool Kindergarten age child who has never taken lessons at the Mr. Lebanon Ice Center needs to be evaluated.
??????The On-line registration feature does not apply to evaluation registration.
??????Evaluation dates and times are listed below.
??????EVALUATIONS:Evaluations help to determine both readiness and class placement. Upon completion of the evaluation, it is recommended that you register for classes with an associate located in the ice center booth. A variety of days and times for the evaluations are also listed online and at the Ice Center.
Evaluation registration may be done in person or by phone at 412-561-4363.
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DAY
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EVALUATION DATES
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TIME
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EVALUATION FEE
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Saturday
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June 2,2018
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12:00 p.m.
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$5.00
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Sunday
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June 3,2018
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12:00 p.m.
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$500
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Monday
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June 4,2018
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10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m.
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$500
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Wednesday
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June 6,2018
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10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m.
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$5.00
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Thursday
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June 7,20l8
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10:00 a.m. and 1:00 p.m.
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$5.00
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???????Additional evaluation dates may be offered for session Ⅱ.
???????REFUND POLICY:Refund requests must be made a minimum of 7 days prior to event. See www.mtlebanon.org. for details.
????????REGISTRATION:
????????In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m.9:00 p.m. or Sunday 9: 00 a.m. 5:30 p.m.
????????By Phone—Call the Ice Center at (412)561-4363 to schedule your skating evaluation appointment
????????Make checks payable to: Mt. Lebanon, PA visa, Master Card, &Debit Cards accepted
????????QLESTIONS: Please call the Mt. Lebanon Ice Center staff at (412)561-4363
?????LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events. Please visit www.mtlebanon.org.and sign up for LeboALERT. All recreation participants should sign up, and at minimum select the "Cancellations" category.
36. What's the passage manly about?
A．To introduce a skating program.
B．To advertise a skating center.
C．To serve as a skating assessment schedule.
D．To issue a free skating notification.
37. Mary's mother wants to registers the evaluation for her daughter. Which time as follows is suitable for her to go to the center?
A．Monday 8: 30 a.m.
B．Wednesday 2 p.m.
C．Friday 9: 30 p.m.
D．Sunday 6: 00 p.m.
38. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．The evaluation is intended for all preschool and kindergarten children.
B．Refund requests can be accepted within 7 days after the registration.
C．Participants who sign up for Lebo Alert can receive free notification about the event.
D．Evaluation registration can be done in person, by phone or on-line
?????Everything about nuclear energy seems terrifically big: the cost, construction and decommissioning—and the fears of something going badly wrong.
??????The future, however may well be much smaller. Dozens of companies are working on a new generation of reactors that, they promise, can deliver nuclear power at lower cost and reduced risk.
??????These small-scale plants will on average generate between 50MW and 300MW of power compared with the 1,000MW-plus from a conventional reactor. They will draw on modular manufacturing techniques that will reduce construction risk, which has plagued larger-scale projects. Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind.
??????"The physics hasn't changed. It's about much cleverer design that offers much-needed flexibility in terms of operation," said Tim Stone, long-term industry adviser and chairman of Nuclear risk Insurers, which insures nuclear sites in the UK.
??????Since the Fukushima meltdown in Japan in 2011, safety fears have threatened nuclear power. But the biggest obstacle today is economic. In western Europe, just three plants are under construction: in the UK at Hinkley point C in Somerset; at Flamanville in France; and at Olkiluoto in Finland. All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates.
??????The UK, which opened the world's first commercial nuclear reactor in 1956, is one of the few western nations committed to renewing its ageing fleet to ensure energy security and meet tough carbon reduction targets. It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power's ability to restore confidence.
??????However, the country's agreement with EDF to build two units at Hinkley Point—which together will generate 3.2GW of electricity—has come under severe criticism over its cost. The government is looking at different funding models but said it still sees nuclear power as vital to the country's future energy mix. Small reactors, it believes, have the potential to generate much-needed power from the 2030s.
??????A nuclear sector deal, unveiled last month, promised up to ￡56m in funding for research and development into AMRs and attracted interest of start-ups from around the world. The government hopes the funding will give the UK a lead in the global race to develop these technologies, helping to provide energy security while also creating a multibillion-dollar export market for British engineering companies.
39. Which of the following is true about the advanced modular reactors (AMRs)?
A．AMRs produce more power than traditional reactors
B．Small in scale, AMRs rose more safety risks
C．So far, most AMRs have not been put into use yet
D．Governments prefer energy of solar and wind to that of AMRs
40. In paragraph 5, the author mentions the plants in Western Europe and the US to ??????????????.
A．prove that nuclear power has been threatened by safety concern.
B．show that the construction of nuclear power plants cost more that the budget available.
C．indicate the construction of nuclear plants are slow in speed.
D．point out that most power plants have adopted the latest nuclear technology.
41. What can be inferred from the passage?
A．Some people have lost confidence in the development of nuclear plants.
B．The UK government seeks to reduce the negative impact of nuclear power on its economy.
C．The plan to build two power plants in Hinkley Point has been deserted.
D．A kind costs for small modular reactors would be higher relative to large nuclear reactors.
42. Which of the following can serve as the best title of this passage?
A．Britain counts on nuclear energy to keep lights on
B．Traditional nuclear plants boom with mini reactors
C．Nuclear's share of power generation remain stead
D．Nuclear power looks to shrink its way to success
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43. （20分）
Where are the bees?
????Bees are essential to the production of food we eat. Bees make honey, but they also pollinate large areas of crops, such as straw berries, apples and onions. About a third of the food we eat is a result of pollination of the bees. Unfortunately, bees have been disappearing at an alarming rate.
??????In 2006, bee keepers started reporting about something called Colony Collapse Disaster (CCD).The main sign of CCD is the loss of adult honey bees from a hive. In October of 2006, some beekeepers reported that they had lost between 30 and 90 percent of their hives.
??????There were many theories for the disappearance of the bees. But the most convincing one has to do with pesticides and lifestyles of bees today. Nowadays, beekeeper get most of their income not from producing honey but from renting bees to pollinate plants. This means that the life of the typical bee now consists of travelling all around the country to pollinate crops as the seasons change. That means a lot of traveling on trucks, which is very stressful to bees. It is not unusual for up to 30% of the hive to die during transport due to stress. In addition, bees that spend most of their time locked up on trucks are not exposed to what they usually live on. Instead, they live on a sweet liquid from corn, usually polluted with pesticides.
??????The exact reason for the disappearance of bees is not sure, but losing bees is very costly to the economy. The bee pollination services are worth over $8 billion a year. With no bees, pollination will have to be done by hand, which would have effects on the quality of food and increased food priced. We hear a lot about big environmental disasters almost every day. But one of the biggest may just be the less of that tiny flying insect.
要求：考生閱讀完總結(jié)論點(diǎn)，不能超過(guò)60個(gè)詞。
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44. （6.5分）究竟是什么激發(fā)小王學(xué)習(xí)電子工程的積極性？(motivate)
45. （6.5分）網(wǎng)上支付方便了客戶，但是犧牲了他們的隱私。(at the cost of)
46. （6.5分）讓我的父母非常滿意的是，從這個(gè)公寓的餐廳可以俯視街對(duì)面的世紀(jì)公園，從起居室也可以。(so)
47. （6.5分）博物館疏于管理，展品積灰，門(mén)廳冷落，急需改善。(whose)
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48. （25分）假如你是明后中學(xué)的李華，你的朋友李楠給你寫(xiě)了一封信，告訴你他要開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新的APP，用這個(gè)軟件共享衣服，想要征集大家的看法，你是否愿意共享你的衣服，給出理由（信的格式已給）。
Dear Li Nan,
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?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Yours, ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Li Hua
參考答案及解析
一、 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容或單詞的正確形式填空
●???【分析】本文是一篇記敘文，介紹Jason Hoelscher為自己設(shè)定一個(gè)五年目標(biāo)，不斷努力，最終用一年半就實(shí)現(xiàn)了。
1. ?【答案】that 或 which；
?【解析】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：他自己決定自己要做什么的雄心和及時(shí)覺(jué)悟督促他自己找到未來(lái)的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine "what's next" on his own為限制性定語(yǔ)從句，修飾先行詞 ambition and the timely realization，從句缺乏have 的賓語(yǔ)，故用關(guān)系代詞that或者which。故填 that 或 which。
2. ?【答案】to happen；
?【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他面臨兩個(gè)選擇，第一個(gè)坐著等待事情的發(fā)生，另一個(gè)選擇就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定語(yǔ)修飾something，故填to happen。
3. ?【答案】would show；
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：他給自己設(shè)定了一個(gè)目標(biāo)，用五年的時(shí)間，他要讓他自己的作品在全國(guó)頂尖藝術(shù)館里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語(yǔ)，show與he為主謂關(guān)系，故用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，由于陳述過(guò)去的計(jì)劃和打算，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)，故填would show。
4. ?【答案】from；
?【解析】考查介詞。句意：這個(gè)五年時(shí)間的目標(biāo)給了他一個(gè)起點(diǎn)，他可以從這個(gè)起點(diǎn)反向努力。分析句子可知，which to work backwards為定語(yǔ)從句結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾先行詞starting point，從句缺乏介詞，from ···to 從···到···，故填from。
5. ?【答案】pointed；
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：通過(guò)設(shè)定目標(biāo)，他的所有努力能向著同一個(gè)方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏謂語(yǔ)，point與主語(yǔ)efforts為主謂關(guān)系，故用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，陳述過(guò)去事情，故用一般過(guò)去時(shí)，故填pointed。
6. ?【答案】himself；
?【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：他會(huì)出現(xiàn)在各個(gè)藝術(shù)展覽開(kāi)幕式，盡可能做研究來(lái)讓自己熟悉市場(chǎng)環(huán)境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏賓語(yǔ)，由于主語(yǔ)為he，賓語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)為同一人稱，故賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞himself。故填himself。
7. ?【答案】and；
?【解析】考查連詞。句意：由于經(jīng)常露面，他抓住所有機(jī)會(huì)，朝著自己的目標(biāo)不斷前進(jìn)。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子謂語(yǔ)，為并列關(guān)系，故填and。
8. ?【答案】Inspired；
?【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：深受啟發(fā)，他花了一個(gè)月時(shí)間來(lái)創(chuàng)作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire作狀語(yǔ)修飾he，與其屬于動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用過(guò)去分詞形式。故填Inspired。
9. ?【答案】Although 或 Though；
?【解析】考查狀語(yǔ)從句。句意：盡管害怕的要死，但是在展覽會(huì)上他看起來(lái)信心滿滿。分析句子可知，前后句屬于轉(zhuǎn)折讓步關(guān)系，故填Although 或 Though 。
10. ?【答案】doing；
?【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他趁熱打鐵，通過(guò)這樣做，把五年的目標(biāo)用一年半的時(shí)間就實(shí)現(xiàn)了。in為介詞, 后接動(dòng)詞-ing形式，故填doing。
二、 選用恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空
●???【分析】本文是一篇議論文，現(xiàn)在機(jī)器幾乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同類型的人。德雷頓稱這種新類型的人是變革者。
11. 【答案】D. pattern；
?【解析】考查名詞。句意：幾千年以來(lái)，大多數(shù)人的生活都有一個(gè)特定的模式。根據(jù)后一句：You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career. 可知，去學(xué)校學(xué)商業(yè)或者學(xué)習(xí)一門(mén)技術(shù)，然后利用這門(mén)技術(shù)來(lái)過(guò)上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故填D. pattern。
12. 【答案】A. repetitive；
?【解析】考查形容詞。句意：但是如今機(jī)器可以作所有重復(fù)性的事情。根據(jù)后文可知，現(xiàn)代社會(huì)需要的是能夠解決問(wèn)題，組建一個(gè)流暢的團(tuán)隊(duì)，因而可以得出，機(jī)器可以取代人類做重復(fù)性的事情，故填A. repetitive。
13. 【答案】B. continually；
?【解析】考查副詞。句意：變革者就是那些能夠看清自己周圍的模式，識(shí)別存在的問(wèn)題，找到解決問(wèn)題的辦法，組建一個(gè)流利的團(tuán)隊(duì)，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)集體性行動(dòng)，以及不斷適應(yīng)不斷改變的環(huán)境。根據(jù)本句adapt as situations change 可知，變革者需要不斷適應(yīng)環(huán)境, 故填B. continually。
14. 【答案】H. network；
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：他制作了一個(gè)軟件叫Haus，能夠把鄰居組成一個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)。根據(jù)后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together 可知，這個(gè)軟件可以把鄰居聯(lián)系在一起，故填H. network。
15. 【答案】C. alerts；
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：這個(gè)軟件有一個(gè)緊急按鈕，當(dāng)有犯罪行為發(fā)生的時(shí)候，按了按鈕之后就能夠及時(shí)提醒鄰居。分析句子可知，本句講述app的作用, 故填C. alerts。
16. 【答案】I. evolving；
?【解析】考查形容詞。句意：認(rèn)知移情就是理解人們?cè)诓粩噙M(jìn)化的環(huán)境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文講述隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展，我們需要的人才和能力也是不同的，故填I. evolving。
17. 【答案】E. locate；
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞。句意：如果你現(xiàn)在在自助餐廳或者電站的檢測(cè)線上工作，沒(méi)關(guān)系，因?yàn)檫@些公司以后只會(huì)雇傭那些能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的人。根據(jù)文章The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker. 可知，現(xiàn)在社會(huì)需要的是能夠發(fā)現(xiàn)和解決問(wèn)題的人，故填E. locate。
18. 【答案】G. challenge；
?【解析】考查名詞。句意：Drayton說(shuō)，我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最主要的挑戰(zhàn)就是讓每個(gè)人都成為變革者。根據(jù)后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success. 可知，學(xué)校需要做出改變來(lái)培養(yǎng)變革者，這也是很大的挑戰(zhàn)，故填G. challenge。
19. 【答案】K. literacy；
?【解析】考查名詞。句意：他說(shuō)，在早期時(shí)代，社會(huì)意識(shí)到大家都必需要具備讀寫(xiě)能力。根據(jù)后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，學(xué)校必須做出改變，故填K. literacy。
20. 【答案】F. mental；
?【解析】考查形容詞。句意：Ashoka研究了社會(huì)變革來(lái)找出怎樣才能促進(jìn)這種精神轉(zhuǎn)變。根據(jù)前文可知，本文主要講述人們意識(shí)的改變，故填F. mental。
三、 完形填空
●???【分析】本文是一篇議論文，旅游的發(fā)展，雖然促進(jìn)了當(dāng)?shù)氐慕?jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，但從另外一個(gè)方面影響到了當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳钜约案鞣N基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，如何保證旅游業(yè)的長(zhǎng)久發(fā)展是擺在人們面前的一大問(wèn)題。
21. 【答案】B
?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. longer 更長(zhǎng)的；B. shorter 更短的；C. wider 更寬的；D. clearer 更干凈的。 句意：更多的人旅游的更頻繁，因?yàn)槿ヒ粋€(gè)國(guó)家的障礙更少，費(fèi)用更低，這就意味著游客在一個(gè)地方旅游的時(shí)間越來(lái)越短。 根據(jù)本句人們旅游更頻繁，呆的時(shí)間越來(lái)越短，故選B。
22. 【答案】D
?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. environmental 環(huán)境的；B. national 國(guó)家的；C. economic 經(jīng)濟(jì)的；D. geographic 地理的。 句意：城市假期的興起，48小時(shí)快速了解外國(guó)文化的興起，金錢(qián)和年假更匹配，這些都導(dǎo)致游客人數(shù)上漲，但是游客目的地地理范圍沒(méi)有相應(yīng)的擴(kuò)展。 根據(jù)文章可知，本文講述旅游興起帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題，故選D。
23. 【答案】A
?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. locals 當(dāng)?shù)厝耍?/span>B. tourists 游客；C. visitors 參觀者；D. cleaners 清潔工。 句意：對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)厝藖?lái)說(shuō)，城市已經(jīng)不屬于他們了。 根據(jù)文章可知，本文講述旅游對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐臎_擊，故選A。
24. 【答案】B
?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. transports 交通；B. accommodation 食宿；C. restaurants 餐廳；D. service 服務(wù)。 句意：Font說(shuō)到，這需要從市場(chǎng)廣告做起，阿姆斯特丹就在其旅游官網(wǎng)上建議游客到郊區(qū)尋找食宿地方。 根據(jù)文章可知，本文提供了一些解決辦法，故選B。
25. 【答案】C
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. addresses 做演講，處理；B. paves 鋪路；C. proposes 建議；D. receives 收到。 句意：但是也建議了一種更好的方式，叫錯(cuò)峰旅游，一種可持續(xù)的旅游方式，即避開(kāi)游客大量集中的旅游景點(diǎn)，去探索真正的威尼斯。 根據(jù)本句可知，是建議另外一種方式來(lái)解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，故選C。
26. 【答案】C
?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. separate 分開(kāi)的；B. individual 個(gè)人的；C. alternative 可替代性的；D. objective 客觀的。 句意：但是也建議了一種更好的方式，叫錯(cuò)峰旅游，一種可持續(xù)的旅游方式，即避開(kāi)游客大量集中的旅游景點(diǎn)，去探索真正的威尼斯。 根據(jù)本句off the paths beaten by the 28 million visitors who flock there each year 可知，為游客提供一些人少的路線，故選C。
27. 【答案】B
?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. reform 改革；B. guidance 指導(dǎo)；C. invitation 邀請(qǐng)；D. support 支持。 句意：對(duì)游客進(jìn)行廣泛指導(dǎo)也可以引導(dǎo)他們不去人滿為患的景點(diǎn)，打消他們短期旅行的想法。 根據(jù)文章可知，本段講述對(duì)游客進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，實(shí)現(xiàn)游客分流，故選B。
28. 【答案】B
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. convincing 說(shuō)服；B. discouraging 打消積極性；C. preventing 阻止；D. resisting 抵抗。 句意：對(duì)游客進(jìn)行廣泛指導(dǎo)也可以引導(dǎo)他們不去人滿為患的景點(diǎn)，打消他們短期旅行的想法。 根據(jù)文章可知，本段講述對(duì)游客進(jìn)行指導(dǎo)，實(shí)現(xiàn)游客分流，合理規(guī)劃自己的旅行計(jì)劃，故選B。
29. 【答案】D
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. pace 踱步走；B. escape 逃跑；C. withstand 抵抗；D. ease 緩解。 句意：在一個(gè)地方逗留時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)能夠緩解一定的壓力。 根據(jù)后文If you go to Paris for two days, you're going to go to the Eiffel Tower. "If you go for two weeks, you're not going to go to the Eiffel Tower 14 times." 可知，在一個(gè)地方逗留時(shí)間更長(zhǎng)能夠緩解當(dāng)?shù)氐膲毫?，故選D。
30. 【答案】A
?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. culture 文化；B. knowledge 知識(shí)；C. entertainment 娛樂(lè)；D. ability 能力。 句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意識(shí)，我應(yīng)該考慮怎樣讓游客再來(lái)這個(gè)地方旅游，而不是來(lái)第一次就不來(lái)了。 根據(jù)后文If they're coming for the fifth time, it is much easier to integrate their behavior with ours. 可知，多次去同一個(gè)地方旅游的游客能夠更好地融入當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕蔬xA。
31. 【答案】C
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. take over 接管；B. bring up 撫養(yǎng)；C. come back 回來(lái)；D. lay off 解雇。 句意：再次去的游客有更好的文化意識(shí)，我應(yīng)該考慮怎樣讓游客再來(lái)這個(gè)地方旅游，而不是來(lái)第一次就不來(lái)了。 根據(jù)文章可知，應(yīng)該考慮怎樣讓游客來(lái)了還想來(lái)，故選C。
32. 【答案】D
?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. distinction 區(qū)分；B. harmony 和諧；C. association 聯(lián)系；D. comparison 對(duì)比。 句意：他引用了巴塞羅那旅游局未公布的數(shù)據(jù)，由于比法國(guó)游客平均每天多花40歐元，把日本游客放在更優(yōu)先的地方，但是沒(méi)有考慮日本游客更大的碳足跡。 根據(jù)本句可知，把日本游客與法國(guó)游客進(jìn)行對(duì)比，故選D。
33. 【答案】A
?【解析】考查名詞辨析。A. French 法國(guó)人；B. Italian 意大利人；C. Spanish 西班牙人；D. German 德國(guó)人 。句意：但是法國(guó)游客更可能再次去巴塞羅那旅游，錯(cuò)開(kāi)高峰期，購(gòu)買(mǎi)當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)品，去那些人更少的景點(diǎn)。 根據(jù)文章可知，盡管日本游客花錢(qián)更多，但是法國(guó)游客更有可能再次去，故選A。
34. 【答案】C
?【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A. carry out 實(shí)施；B. give into 讓步；C. spread out 擴(kuò)散；D. impact on 影響。 句意：但是法國(guó)游客更可能再次去巴塞羅那旅游，錯(cuò)開(kāi)高峰期，購(gòu)買(mǎi)當(dāng)?shù)禺a(chǎn)品，去那些人更少的景點(diǎn)。 根據(jù)文章可知，法國(guó)人更有可能去人少的地方，故選C。
35. 【答案】D
?【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A. slight 輕微的；B. complex 復(fù)雜的；C. temporary 臨時(shí)的；D. sustainable 可持續(xù)的。 句意：所有的這些措施都是可持續(xù)的措施，更少的影響當(dāng)?shù)氐木用瘛?根據(jù)文章可知，本文主要探討旅游業(yè)減少對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦挠绊懀蔬xD。
四、 閱讀理解
●???【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹專門(mén)為學(xué)前兒童開(kāi)設(shè)的滑冰場(chǎng)以及報(bào)名條件及相關(guān)信息。
36. 【答案】B
?【解析】主旨大意題?？v觀全文可知，本文介紹專門(mén)為學(xué)前兒童開(kāi)設(shè)的滑冰場(chǎng)以及報(bào)名條件及相關(guān)信息，旨在吸引大家去報(bào)名參加，為滑冰場(chǎng)打廣告，故選B。
37. 【答案】B
?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)In person—Stop by the Mt. Lebanon Recreation Center, ground floor, Monday through Saturday 9:00 a. m-9:00 p.m or Sunday 9: 00 a.m-5:30 p.m 可知，去報(bào)名的話，周一到周六上午九點(diǎn)到晚上九點(diǎn)都可以，周日上午九點(diǎn)到下午五點(diǎn)半。B項(xiàng)在此范圍內(nèi)，故選B。
38. 【答案】C
?【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段LeboALERT—A FREE notification service(phone, text, e-mail). In the event of an emergency and to provide you with updates about cancellations and recreation department programs and events.可知，參加了LeboALERT可以獲得免費(fèi)的通知服務(wù)，比如取消，項(xiàng)目以及事件安排等，故選C。
●???【分析】本文是一篇新聞?lì)愑洈⑽?。主要講述當(dāng)前核能開(kāi)發(fā)存在耗資巨大且存在核泄漏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此人們正對(duì)這種技術(shù)失去信心，但是由于新的核能發(fā)電方式AMRs的出現(xiàn)，可能會(huì)扭轉(zhuǎn)這種情況。
39. 【答案】C
?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段 Supporters believe these advanced modular reactors (AMRs)—most of which will not be commercial until the 2030s—are critical if atomic power is to compete against the rapidly falling costs of solar and wind. 可知，大多數(shù)AMRs需要到21世紀(jì)30年代才能商業(yè)化使用，也就是說(shuō)現(xiàn)在還沒(méi)有投入使用，故選C。
40. 【答案】B
?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段 All involve the European Pressurized Reactor technology of EDF that will be used at Hinkley Point. All are running years late and over budget. In the US, the first two nuclear projects under way for the past 30 years are also blowing through cost estimates. 可知，所有的核電站都沒(méi)有按期投入使用，也超出預(yù)算，故選B。
41. 【答案】A
?【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段 It is seen as a proving ground, by many in the industry, of nuclear power's ability to restore confidence. 可知，這可以被看作是一個(gè)恢復(fù)對(duì)核能利用的信心的試驗(yàn)場(chǎng)，由此可知，很多人對(duì)核能的發(fā)展失去了信心，故選A。
42. 【答案】D
?【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要講述當(dāng)前核能開(kāi)發(fā)存在耗資巨大且存在核泄漏風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，因此人們正對(duì)這種技術(shù)失去信心，但是由于新的核能發(fā)電方式AMRs的出現(xiàn)，可能會(huì)扭轉(zhuǎn)這種情況，故可知，本文標(biāo)題為D選項(xiàng)，核能通往成功的路越來(lái)越窄，故選D。
五、 概要寫(xiě)作
43. 【答案】 ???Bees not only provide us with honey, but also help pollinate crops. However, they are disappearing at an alarming rate for unknow reason, which will be disastrous to us and economy. Some people think it is the pesticide while others think it is due to transport.
?【解析】本文屬于環(huán)保文章，介紹蜜蜂正以驚人的速度消失，這可能和運(yùn)輸、農(nóng)作物使用殺蟲(chóng)劑以及環(huán)境有關(guān)，但是沒(méi)人知道確切原因。
第一步，歸納各個(gè)段落的段落大意，第一段講述蜜蜂對(duì)我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，第二段講述蜜蜂出現(xiàn)這種狀況的情形，第三段講述可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因；第四段講述這種現(xiàn)象對(duì)我們和經(jīng)濟(jì)的影響。
第二步，可以擇出重要的信息，蜜蜂對(duì)我們很重要，但是卻以驚人的速度消失，可能造成此現(xiàn)象的原因，以及影響。
第三步，得出答案，注意過(guò)渡與銜接，字?jǐn)?shù)控制在60字以內(nèi)。
六、 漢譯英
44. 【答案】What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang's enthusiasm to major in electronic engineering? ||| What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang's initiative to major in electronic engineering?
?【解析】motivate sb to do sth 激發(fā)某人做某事，on earth究竟，major in 以…為專業(yè)，enthusiasm/initiative熱情/積極性，故翻譯為 What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang's enthusiasm to major in electronic engineering? 或 What on earth has motivated Xiao Wang's initiative to major in electronic engineering?
45. 【答案】Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.
?【解析】online payment 網(wǎng)上支付，brings convenience to 給…帶來(lái)方便，at the cost of 以…為代價(jià)，privacy 隱私，故翻譯為Online payment brings convenience to consumers at the cost of their privacy.
46. 【答案】To my parents' satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. ||| What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.
?【解析】To my parents' satisfaction 令我父母滿意的是， 也可以用主語(yǔ)從句What makes my parents really satisfy； overlooks 俯視，opposite the street 街對(duì)面，living room 起居室，后者也那樣 so it is with... ?故翻譯為To my parents' satisfaction, the dining room of this apartment overlooks the Century Park opposite the street and so it is with the sitting room. 或者What makes my parents really satisfy is that they can see the Century Park from the dining room of this apartment, so can they from the living room.
47. 【答案】This museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. ||| The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.
?【解析】not well managed/management is reckless 疏于管理，be covered with dust/be piled with dust 被灰塵覆蓋，few visitors 游客稀少，be badly in need of improvement/requires immediate improvement 亟需改善。故翻譯為his museum is not well managed, whose exhibits are covered with dust, and there are few visitors, so everything is badly in need of improvement. 或The museum whose management is reckless, whose exhibits are piled with dust and whose lobby is deserted, requires immediate improvement.
七、 書(shū)面表達(dá)
48. 【答案】
Dear Li Nan,
Hearing that you have developed a new app of students sharing clothes, I feel truly proud of your novel idea. Personally speaking, I am willing to share my clothes on your app. The reasons are as follows.
To begin with, it will be wonderful for me if I learn that someone that I barely know of can share my happiness by wearing my clothes. It feels like you are emotionally connecting someone in your clothes. Then I may naturally wish to know more about that particular "someone" and probably further deepen our relationship. In the end, a good friendship between me and my clothes mate might be built based on our common clothes. What's more, if other students can try my clothes through the app, I also can try their new clothes in turn. Therefore, students can wear different types of clothes without actually spending any money.
What's more important is that sharing my clothes will make full use of them. In today's material society, there are so many parents who prepare lots of clothes for their beloved children for different occasions, such as a dress for the party, gym suit for indoor sports. Moreover, the clothes can only realize their true value after they are put on a person's body.
To summarize, sharing my clothes on your app benefits others and me.
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Yours, ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Li Hua
?【解析】根據(jù)提示可知，本篇書(shū)面表達(dá)屬于應(yīng)用文，要求寫(xiě)一封關(guān)于共享衣服觀點(diǎn)的書(shū)信，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。
第一步：確定關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn)
① 開(kāi)發(fā)一個(gè)新的APP，用這個(gè)軟件共享衣服；② 表示祝賀；③ 自己的觀點(diǎn)；④ 理由；⑤ 總結(jié)。
第二步：根據(jù)關(guān)鍵要點(diǎn)，確定關(guān)鍵詞，如：develop a new app（開(kāi)發(fā)了一款軟件），share clothes（共享衣服），feel proud of（感到自豪），emotionally connect someone（情感上連接某人），realize their true value（實(shí)現(xiàn)真正的價(jià)值）等。
第三步：根據(jù)提示及關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行遣詞造句，注意主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題以及句子結(jié)構(gòu)完整。
第四步：連句成文，注意使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞進(jìn)行句子之間的銜接與過(guò)渡，使之自然流暢，書(shū)寫(xiě)一定要規(guī)范清晰，保持整潔美觀的卷面。
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