第三講 任務(wù)型閱讀（七選五） 專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

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【分類真題】

（2019年全國卷II）

第二節(jié) （共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）

根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: "Should I jump? " This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.?????1 ????Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided.

???2 ???More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals.

You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work. ????3 ???So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity（清晰）of thoughts can help you move forward.

Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.?????4 ????They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals.

Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a Pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.?????5 ????You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal.

You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals.

A. This can affect your work.

B. So how should you motivate yourself?

C. However, this should not discourage you.

D. So why should we try to set specific goals?

E. They can change according to circumstances.

F. Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.

G. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it.

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1【答案】.G

【解析】過渡句。句意：若沒有動(dòng)機(jī)，你既不能設(shè)定目標(biāo)，也不能達(dá)成目標(biāo)。由設(shè)空處上句話Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.(動(dòng)機(jī)和目標(biāo)的設(shè)定是一件事情的兩個(gè)方面。）可知，動(dòng)機(jī)是很重要的。根據(jù)設(shè)空處下句Like the child on the diving board,you will stay un-decided.可知，中間需要加一個(gè)表示轉(zhuǎn)折的句子：若沒有動(dòng)機(jī)……。故選G。

2【答案】.B

?【解析】主旨句。句意：那么，你應(yīng)該如何激勵(lì)自己呢？該題中，設(shè)空處位于文章第二段開頭，可能會(huì)是該段的主旨句。設(shè)空處后面的how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal 也是引出該段話題或是對主旨句的進(jìn)一步說明。另根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)一致的原則，可找到與此問句結(jié)構(gòu)一致的選項(xiàng)B:So how should you motivate yourself?故選B

3【答案】.A

?【解析】過渡句。句意：這可能會(huì)影響你的工作。根據(jù)設(shè)空處前面的句子There are times when your heart is not in your work.(有時(shí)你的心會(huì)不在你的工作上。）可知，接下來會(huì)說這樣做的后果（影響你的工作）。設(shè)空處后面介紹正確的做法。故選A。

4【答案】.E

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)句。句意：它們可以根據(jù)情況來改變。設(shè)空處前面的句子提到 Remember that goals are flexible.(要記得目標(biāo)是靈活的。）,接下來可能會(huì)接著解釋它們會(huì)改變。選項(xiàng)E中的They與上句話中的goals指代一致。故選E。

5【答案】.C

【解析】過渡句。句意：然而，這不應(yīng)該使你泄氣。由設(shè)空處上句話中的you may want to be a pilot but can't become one because your eyesight is not good enough(你可能想成為一名飛行員，但因?yàn)槟愕囊暳Σ粔蚝枚荒艹蔀橐幻w行員）可知，接下來會(huì)告訴我們解決這個(gè)問題的辦法。根據(jù)設(shè)空處下句話中的You should reassess your goals(你應(yīng)該重新評估你的目標(biāo)）可知，選C項(xiàng)。

（2019年全國卷I）

Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?

We all grew up hearing people tell us to ＂go out and get some fresh air＂ . ???36 ???According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.

?????37 ?????If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.

Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. ????38 ????In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情緒）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. ?????39 ?????It gives us a great feeling of peace.

????40 ???While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.

A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.

B. So what are you waiting for?

C. Being in nature refreshes us.

D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.

E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?

F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.

G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.

1.【答案】E

【解析】過渡句。設(shè)空處前句提到“go out and get some fresh air”，空格處馬上針對呼吸新鮮空氣這件事情進(jìn)行提問，然后設(shè)空處后一句就職

針對提問的回答“the answer is a big YES”，所以選擇E項(xiàng)。

2【答案】.A

【解析】主題句。設(shè)空處后面一整段都是在闡述呼吸新鮮空氣的好處，其兩次提到oxygen(氧氣）,且設(shè)空處位于段首，所以設(shè)空處是整段主題句，而且話題需要一致，oxygen與A項(xiàng)中的lungs有聯(lián)系，所以選擇A項(xiàng)。

3【答案】.G

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)句。設(shè)空處前一句中的關(guān)鍵詞healing與G項(xiàng)中的Healing對應(yīng)，G項(xiàng)中的recovery與設(shè)空處后一句中的recovery對應(yīng)。此外，G項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)Healing Gardens,后一句馬上出現(xiàn)In these places來指代Healing Gardens,因此答案是G項(xiàng)。

4【答案】.C

【解析】主題句。根據(jù)本段的第三句In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.可知，此段講了接近大自然有助于病人的康復(fù)，而下文對有哪些幫助進(jìn)行了進(jìn)一步說明，所以在本段的最后再次進(jìn)行總結(jié)，話題依然是與大自然有關(guān)，而且是總結(jié)性質(zhì)的句子，所以選擇C項(xiàng)。C項(xiàng)中nature與話題一致，與設(shè)空處后一句均是對本段話題的收尾。

5【答案】.D

【解析】主題句。根據(jù)設(shè)空處位置可以推測此處為主題句，是對本段話題的開啟。設(shè)空處后一句中的the sun's rays與D項(xiàng)中的sunlight對應(yīng)。而D項(xiàng)中的Another side benefit of getting fresh air又是對前面段落中闡述呼吸新鮮空氣有好處的延伸，因此D項(xiàng)是最佳選項(xiàng)。

In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ????36 ????While I have only listed two of each, these are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic（邏輯）of each to their particular circumstance.

Do's

? ????37 ????Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus（教學(xué)大綱）and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn't hiding in plain sight.

? Participate in discussion forums（論壇）, blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue. ????38 ????Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same.

Don'ts

? Don't share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. ????39 ?????

? Don't openly express annoyance at a professor or class. ????40 ????When a student attacks a professor on the social media, the language used actually says more about the student. If there is truly a concern about a professor's professionalism or ability, be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments.

A. That's what they are for.

B. Turn to an online instructor for help.

C. If more information is needed, they will ask.

D. Remember that online professors get a lot of emails.

E. Below are some common do’s and don’ ts for online learners.

F. Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another.

G. Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions.

1. 【答案】E

【解析】過渡句。設(shè)空處前提出與在線（online)課程教授有著良好的溝很重要，下文介紹了該做的和不該做的事情，因此答案為E項(xiàng)。

2.【答案】G

【解析】主題句。根據(jù)Do's和Don'ts中各段首句的特點(diǎn)可知，設(shè)空處主題句并且是祈使句，設(shè)空處后一句中的關(guān)鍵詞questions與G項(xiàng)的questions對應(yīng)，因此答案為G項(xiàng)。

3.【答案】A

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)句。由設(shè)空處前面的句子Participate in discussion forum blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.中的關(guān)鍵信息可知，項(xiàng)中的That指代dialogue,they指代discussion forums,blogs and open-ended forums,因此答案為A項(xiàng)。

4.【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)句。本段建議學(xué)生不要和教授聊個(gè)人話題，你在說完和教授溝的內(nèi)容之后，如果有必要，教授會(huì)進(jìn)一步向你提問，因此答案為C項(xiàng)。

5【答案】.F

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)句。本段建議學(xué)生如果對教授的課程有意見，不要公開發(fā)不滿，所以空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)與本段話題一致，F項(xiàng)提到每個(gè)人都曾上過不太好的課，與前后文內(nèi)容相關(guān)聯(lián)，因此答案為F項(xiàng)。

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（2019遼寧大連雙擊檢測）

Have you ever had times questioning yourself and feeling discouraged? If you answer yes, what you've experienced is negative self-talk. 1 ??????. You say to yourself untrue things like,"I'm not good enough. I'm a disappointment." These false beliefs stop us in our tracks. So, how do you stop negative self-talk?

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·2 ??????

Know you're special. You are one of a kind! There is no other person that thinks exactly like you. When you begin to sincerely believe how special you are, it's easier to fight negative self-talk.

·Change your associations

Your negative self-talk comes from your environment. You didn't just accidentally wake up one day thinking of bad things about yourself. It may be because someone, somewhere in your life has told you negative things about you and you believe them. However, if you surround yourself with the right people, they will build you up, inspire you and make you feel better.??3 ???.

·Change your dialogue

Read and say all the wonderful things about yourself at least 5times per day. Look at yourself in the mirror and say, "I am amazing!" ??4 ??, and you'll believe you are awesome pretty soon Of course, there are other things to stop negative self-talk.

5 ??, but if you are determined to think positively in every situation, that will bring a positive change in your life.

A.Think the same way

B. Change is not easy

C. Change your position

D.It begins in your brain

E. Change your state of mind

F.You'll seek out the right people to help change your thoughts

G.You'll start to believe the great things they tell you

1.【答案】.D

【解析】上文提到你質(zhì)疑自我感到灰心時(shí)，就是在經(jīng)歷負(fù)面的自言自語本句對self-talk做進(jìn)一步的解釋，D項(xiàng)中的It指代negative self-talk,指出它始于大腦，符合上下文語境。

1. 【答案】E

   【解析】此處為段落主題。結(jié)合其他主題可知本句為祈使句。本段指出要知道自己是特殊的，沒有人和你一樣，由此可知E項(xiàng)（改變自己的心態(tài)）為正確答案。

2. 【答案】G

   【解析】空格前指出，如果周圍的人合適，他們會(huì)讓你振作起來、鼓勵(lì)你讓你的感覺好起來。G項(xiàng)為上文帶來的結(jié)果，意為“你會(huì)開始相信他們告訴你的好事情”，they指代上文提到的the right people,故G項(xiàng)為正確答案。

3. 【答案】A

   【解析】上文指出要對著鏡子說些自我激勵(lì)的話，A項(xiàng)意為“也要這樣想”，符合語境。

4. 【答案】B

   【解析】根據(jù)空格后的內(nèi)容可知B項(xiàng)符合語境，句意為“改變并不容易，但是如果你下定決心在任何情況下都保持樂觀，那就會(huì)給你的生活帶來積極的改變”。

   (2019新疆鳥魯木齊質(zhì)檢一）

   How to Save Water

   1 ???, but less than 1 % is easily accessible to you . Water conservation can be simple, and it starts at home. Whether you're taking a shower, doing the laundry, saving the water in a pool, or choosing your food, there are several strates that will help you save water.

   Take shorter showers.

   Taking a shower uses roughly one third of the amount of water used in taking a bath. So skip the bath and take a short shower instead. Take a CD player into the bathroom with you to challenge yourself.?2 ??. Cutting down your shower time by just two minutes can save 10 gallons of water.

   Make sure you're washing a full load of laundry.

   3 ????. Put a full load of laundry in so that you won't waste water. When washing your clothes, use the economy mode-this will save you both water and electricity!

   4 ????.

   If you have a pool, using a pool cover at night during the warmer months helps to prevent evaporation. In some places,emptying and refilling a pool is under severe restrictions, or even banned, so preserving this precious resource is crucial.

   Eat less meat and dairy products.

   Growing animal feed uses tons of water, not to mention the amount of water used in the rest of the meat and dairy production process. The more meat and dairy products you eat,the more animals are needed to keep up with the demand, so try to limit your intake of such foods.

   Defrost frozen foods in the refrigerator.

   While it may be faster to soak your frozen foods in water,this isn't necessary and wastes water. ??5 ??.

   A.Cover your swimming pool

   B.Empty your swimming pool

   C.Water covers about 70% of the earth

   D.Try to finish by the time the music is over

   E.Water is a necessary resource for life

   F . Try to plan ahead and put the frozen foods in the fridge overnight

1. Don't just throw some socks and two shirts in the machine

1. 【答案】C

   【解析】C項(xiàng)意為“地球約70%被水覆蓋”，與but后系，符合語境。分句形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系

2. 【答案】D

   【解析】上文提到“帶著CD播放機(jī)去浴室挑戰(zhàn)一下自己”，結(jié)合下文“淋浴時(shí)間縮短兩分鐘就可以節(jié)約10加侖的水”，可知D項(xiàng)符合語境，解釋了如何利用CD播放機(jī)來達(dá)到節(jié)水的目的

3. 【答案】G

   【解析】下文提到“把一堆要洗的衣服放滿洗衣機(jī)，這樣你就不會(huì)浪費(fèi)水了”，G項(xiàng)意為“不要只往洗衣機(jī)里扔一些襪子和兩件襯衫”，與下文表達(dá)的內(nèi)容一致。

4. 【答案】A

   【解析】本句為段落主題句，根據(jù)其他主題句句式可知本句為短小的祈使句。pool和cover為關(guān)鍵詞，下文指出“如果你有一個(gè)游泳池，在較溫暖的月份在晚上使用游泳池蓋子有助于防止蒸發(fā)”，由此推知，A項(xiàng)Cover your swimming pool(蓋上你的游泳池）符合本段主題。

   5【答案】.F

   【解析】上文提到“盡管用水浸泡冷凍食品可能解凍更快，但這沒有必要，而且會(huì)浪費(fèi)水”，F項(xiàng)意為“盡量提前計(jì)劃，在晚上就把冷凍食品放進(jìn)冰箱”，符合語境。

   (2019重慶區(qū)縣一診）

   Is college really worth the cost? Let's explore some of the pros and cons.It takes money to make money.

   Do college graduates make a higher salary? In general, yes.Those with a bachelor's degree make nearly twice the income of someone with only a high school diploma.

   1 ????

   Among the majors that make the most money out of college are engineering, math and computer science. Not surprisingly,the majors that make the least money include art, religious studies, and early childhood and elementary education.

   2 ????

   The average cost of a year of tuition(學(xué)費(fèi)）in the United States is more than $ 30, 000. That's just one year. Because of that, many college graduates come out with debts that annoy them for years after they graduate.

   For many tradesmen, a special skill in their specific field is all that's needed to make not only a fairly good living, but a comfortable one. The average electrician, for example, makes$58,933,whereas the average preschool teacher,after college,makes around $30,000.3 ?????

   College grads have higher job satisfaction.

   Another plus for going to college? In general, college graduates are more satisfied with their jobs compared to people with just a high school diploma . What's more , college graduates are less affected by job cuts when the economy is weak. 4 ????They also have a better social network

   College also provides numbers of social benefits, providing social networks that stay with people throughout their lives.

   5 ??????The college years are formative years in our lives .

   A.But college tuition is pricy.

   B.Better universities cost more but bring more.

   C.Not all college majors are created equal.

   D . They really have a better sense of achievement in their career .

   E.They are more marketable and can generally find another job more easily .

   F.How many people do you know who met their future wife or husband in college?

   G.And that salary doesn't cover the cost to pay back the student loan from four years of college.

   ?

   1【答案】.C

   【解析】 majors為關(guān)鍵詞。由下文可知，大學(xué)專業(yè)中畢業(yè)后最賺錢的是工程學(xué)、數(shù)學(xué)和計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)。C項(xiàng)意為“并不是所有的大學(xué)專業(yè)都生而平等”，符合語境需要。

   2【答案】.A

   【解析】由下文可知，在美國僅一年的平均學(xué)費(fèi)就要超過30,000美元。很多大學(xué)生負(fù)債畢業(yè)，債務(wù)會(huì)困擾他們多年。A項(xiàng)意為“但是大學(xué)的學(xué)費(fèi)是昂貴的”，符合段落內(nèi)容。

   3【答案】.G

   【解析】由下文可知，普通電工可以掙得58,933美元，而普通幼兒園老師大學(xué)畢業(yè)后大約掙得30,000美元。本句承接上文，G項(xiàng)（這些工資不夠償還大學(xué)四年的學(xué)生貸款）符合語境。

   4【答案】.E

   【解析】 job為關(guān)鍵詞。上句意為“更重要的是，當(dāng)經(jīng)濟(jì)疲軟時(shí)，大學(xué)畢業(yè)生受裁員的影響較小”。E項(xiàng)意為“他們更有市場，通?？梢愿菀椎卣业搅硪环莨ぷ?/span>”，與上文內(nèi)容一致，They指代上句中的college graduates。

   5【答案】.F

   【解析】大學(xué)提供了更好的社會(huì)關(guān)系網(wǎng)，這種社會(huì)關(guān)系網(wǎng)會(huì)陪人們一生。F項(xiàng)符合語境。

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