2020屆中考語法專練之名詞及名詞短語講解及配套真題
一．名詞
名詞的種類：
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專有名詞
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普通名詞
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國名地名人名，團體機構(gòu)名稱
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可數(shù)名詞
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不可數(shù)名詞
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個體名詞
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集體名詞
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抽象名詞
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物質(zhì)名詞
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?
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?
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?
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?
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?
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II. 名詞的數(shù)：
1. 規(guī)則名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式：名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，一般在單數(shù)形式后面加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)將構(gòu)成方法與讀音規(guī)則列表如下：
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規(guī)則
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例詞
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1
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一般情況在詞尾加-s
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map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days
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2
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以s, x, ch, sh結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es
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class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes
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3
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以-f或-fe結(jié)尾的詞
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變-f和-fe為v再加-es
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leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives,
wife-wives, half-halves
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加-s
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chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs
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4
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以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，變y為i加-es
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party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities
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5
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以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的名詞，或?qū)Ｓ忻~以y結(jié)尾的，加-s
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toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys
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6
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以輔音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞
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一般加-es
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Negro-Negroes, hero-heroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes
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不少外來詞加-s
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piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos
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兩者皆可
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zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos
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7
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以元音字母加-o結(jié)尾的名詞加-s
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radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos
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8
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以-th結(jié)尾的名詞加-s
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truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,
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2. 不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：英語里有些名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式是不規(guī)則的，現(xiàn)歸納如下：
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規(guī)則
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例詞
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1
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改變名詞中的元音字母或其他形式
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man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice
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2
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單復(fù)數(shù)相同
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sheep, deer, means, works, fish, yuan, jin,
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3
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只有復(fù)數(shù)形式
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trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses,
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4
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一些集體名詞總是用作復(fù)數(shù)
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people, police
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5
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部分集體名詞既可以作單數(shù)（整體）也可以作復(fù)數(shù)（成員）
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class, family, crowd, couple, group, government, population, team, public, party
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6
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復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特別含義
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customs(海關(guān)), times(時代), spirits(情緒), drinks(飲料), sands(沙灘), papers(文件報紙), looks(外表), brains(頭腦智力), greens(青菜)
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7
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表示“某國人”
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加-s
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Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans
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單復(fù)數(shù)同形
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Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese
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以-man或-woman結(jié)尾的改為-men,-women
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Englishmen, Frenchwomen
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8
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合成名詞
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將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
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sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends
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無主體名詞時將最后一部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
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grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches
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將兩部分變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)
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women singers, men servants
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III. 名詞的所有格：
名詞在句中表示所有關(guān)系的語法形式叫做名詞所有格。所有格分兩種：一是名詞詞尾加’s構(gòu)成，二是由介詞of加名詞構(gòu)成。前者多表示有生命的東西，后者多表示無生命的東西。
1. ’s所有格的構(gòu)成：
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單數(shù)名詞在末尾加’s
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the boy’s father, Jack’s book, her son-in-law’s photo,
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復(fù)數(shù)名詞
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一般在末尾加’
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the teachers’ room, the twins’ mother,
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不規(guī)則復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’s
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the children’s toys, women’s rights,
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以s結(jié)尾的人名所有格加’s或者’
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Dickens’ novels, Charles’s job, the Smiths’ house
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表示各自的所有關(guān)系時,各名詞末尾均須加’s
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Japan’s and America’s problems, Jane’s and Mary’s bikes
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表示共有的所有關(guān)系時在最后一詞末加’s
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Japan and America’s problems, Jane and Mary’s father
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表示＂某人家＂＂店鋪＂，所有格后名詞省略
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the doctor’s, the barber’s, the tailor’s, my uncle’s
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2. ’s所有格的用法：
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１
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表示時間
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today’s newspaper, five weeks’ holiday
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2
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表示自然現(xiàn)象
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the earth’s atmosphere, the tree’s branches
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3
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表示國家城市等地方的名詞
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the country’s plan, the world’s population, China’s industry
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4
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表示工作群體
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the ship’s crew, majority’s view, the team’s victory
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5
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表示度量衡及價值
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a mile’s journey, five dollars’ worth of apples
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6
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與人類活動有特殊關(guān)系的名詞
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the life’s time, the play’s plot
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7
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某些固定詞組
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a bird’s eye view, a stone’s throw, at one’s wit’s end(不知所措)
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3. of所有格的用法：
用于無生命的東西：the legs of the chair, the cover of the book
用于有生命的東西，尤其是有較長定語時：the classrooms of the first-year students
用于名詞化的詞：the struggle of the oppressed
1. Betty has a beautiful _________. She wants to be a singer in the future. (2019.江蘇淮安)
??? A. voice ?????? B. look ??????? C. noise D. sound
2.--- What should we do for the camping?trip?
??--- We’d better?make?a ? of things like foods, drinks, medicine and so?on.?（2019福建）
A.?list B.?card C. report
3. Which word goes with the sound
?(2019甘肅蘭州)
A. snack B. smile C. state D. snake
4. —Look! They are????????????.?(2019甘肅天水)
—Yes. ?We are proud of them.
A. man scientist ????B. women scientists ?????
C. woman scientists ??????D.man scientists
5--Here is my family___.We took it last year. 2019甘肅敦煌)
A.member ?????B.name ??????C.photo ????D.house
6．（1分）I'd like some_____and_____．（ 2019廣西百色 ）
A．banana； tomato B．bananas； tomato
C．bananas； tomatoes D．banana； tomatoes
7．（1分）In China， the color red is the ________of good luck． (2019廣西北部灣)
A．dream B．way C．symbol D．reason
8．（1分）﹣﹣﹣The air is very fresh in our city． There is less?????????than before．
﹣﹣﹣Yes． The government has taken action to protect the environment (2019廣西貴港)
A．wood B．pollution C．noise D．water
9. I'm not hungry at all because I have just had much ___________.(2019 廣西 柳州)
?? A. bread ?????????????? B. pears C. eggs
10．（1分）Jane is very thirsty， so ?she needs some????????． (2019 貴州 黔南州)
A．water B．bread C．cakes D．rice
11．（1分）My cousin and I often walk to the______to see pandas on weekends． (2019 海南)
A．bank B．zoo C．market
12．（1分）﹣﹣Would you please______your e﹣mail address？ I missed it just now．(2019 海南)
﹣﹣No problem．It's?fox@163．com．
A．repeat B．review C．record
13. I like this song. It’s by one of my favorite_________.(2019河北)
A. singers?????????????????? B. dancers????????????????? C. painters????????????????? D. writers
14For his son’s birthday, Steven is taking him to the new movie as a????.?(2019 河南)
A. task B. treat C. choice D. visit
15.The problems are difficult to solve.Please give me ____.(2019黑龍江大慶)B=
??A. many advice ???B.some advice ??C. an advice ?D.some advices
16.?Tim?got?four ____ from?his?relatives?on?Children?s?Day.
?A. toy B. toys C. toies
17. Journey to the West?is a traditional ____ book. It has been translated into different languages.
?A. American B. British C. Chinese
18. —Igorunning every day.
—Wow! That’s a good ________. It keeps you healthy. (2019黑龍江齊齊哈爾)
????A. task B. exercise C. habit
19.?—Oh, my God! We have missed the last bus. What shall we do?
???—I’m afraid that we have no____ ?but Io take a Laxi, (2019湖北黃岡)
???????A. idea ???B. decision ??????????C. reason ?????????D. choice
20. ?- More and more foreigners come to visit the Gfeat Wall.
????-Tnat's true. It is the____of China_(2019湖北黃石)
????A. praise ???B,pride ???C,effort ???D.courage
21. — Creative morning____?are popularin our school. (2019 湖北咸寧)
—Yes，we dance to fun music, such as the song Calorie(卡路里).
A. exams ???B. exercises ???C.examples ???D.expressions
22. —Nowadays more and more foreigners are becoming interested in Kungfu. (2019 湖北咸寧)
— That’s true. It’s an important part of Chinese____.
??A. invention ???B.story ???C. culture D.?custom
23.—Dad, what is the loudspeaker saying? ???（2019湖北武漢） ????????????????????????
—It is to the. The flight to Wuhan is boarding now. ???
?A. customers ????B. passengers ?C. members D. tourists
24一Everyone should stick to his dream.
????一Yes. A life without a dream is like a bird without ________, which can't fly. (2019 湖北孝感)
????A. wings ???????????B. water ??????????? C. clouds ?????????? D. food
25. -I know little about this product. (2019湖南郴州)
???-Surf the Internet, and you will get much _________about it.
A. information ?????????? B. message ??????????? C. suggestion
26. We should brush our ________ every day. （2019湖南岳陽）
A. tooth B. teeth C. hand
27. Which underlined letter pronounces differently from the others?（2019江蘇省連云港）
?? A. planet ????????? B. camping ???????? C. rabbit ???????? D. shape
28. On April 24, Xie Wenjun raced to gold in the __________110-meter hurdles at the Asian Athletics Championships in Qatar（2019江蘇省連云港）
????A. man ???????????? B. men ????????C. men's ???? D. mens'
29. US scientist Edward T. Hall said that in a conversation between two people, 65% of _________
is done through body language. （2019江蘇省連云港）
????A. application ???? B. pronunciation ???? C. introduction ? D. communication
30. High-speed trains are seen as one of the new Four Great?????????????of China. （2019南通江蘇）
???A. Achievements ???? B. Agreements ????
C. Environments ?????D. Instruments
31. - Keep quiet! I need complete__________ when I'm working. （2019江蘇蘇州）
??-Sorry, dad. I won't make any noise again.
????A. trust ??????????? B. silence ????????????C. control ?? D. strength
32. –Anna, how does the dress look on me? (2019江蘇宿遷)
-To tell you the ________, it doesn’t fit you well.
A. trade B. trust C. truth D. treat
33. My mother has a poor _________of direction, so she is always afraid to go out alone. （2019江蘇泰州）
?? A. scene ????????? B. silence ???????? C. service ???????? D. sense
34. Look at the two _________over there. They are teaching the girls to play the guitar. (2019湖南益陽)
????A. women teachers ??? B. woman teachers ??? C. woman teacher
35. My daughter helps me cook, but she isn’t old enough to be left alone in the ?__________.（2019江西）
A. bedroom ????????B. classroom ???????C. lab ???????D. kitchen
36. If I leave my house at 9 o'clock and drive to the airport, I'll arrive at about 11. So it's about two
_________drive from my house to the airport. （2019山東臨沂）
????A. hours' ???????????????? B. hour's ???????????????? C. hours
37. After years of war, the people in Syria are thirsty for ____________.(2019山東濱州)
A. price B. noise C. peace D. course
38. — Lucy, how?about?going?to the ?(2019山東青島)
— Sounds?great! Reading?books can give us much pleasure.
A.?library B. cinema C. museum D.?concert
39. The number of the people using Huawei ________is getting larger and larger. (2019江蘇鹽城)
A. cultures B. customers C. products D. histories
40. —I’m not sure what to write about The Secret Garden?in the report.
??—You should read some _____ about the book before writing. (2019江蘇揚州)
???A. reviews ???B. reasons ???C. results ????D. rewards
41. When I think of the worried _______ of foreign students who are learning Chinese, I can go to
???study English calmly. （2019江蘇鎮(zhèn)江）
A. looks B. designs C. efforts D. needs
42. Schools are good places for students to get __________and make friends.(2019遼寧撫順)
A. background ?????? B. knowledge ???????
C. attention ??? D. competition
43. The article gives students some___________ about how to stay safe online.(2019遼寧本溪)
A. suggestions B. activities C. decisions ????D. advantages
44.WeChat（微信）is one of the most convenient ways of????.（2019遼寧鐵嶺）
A.information ????????????B.competition
C.communication ?????????D.pollution
45. To keep our city?beautiful,?the are always very busy in the?streets.?We shouldn’t throw rubbish?everywhere.?（2019山西）
???A.policemen B.cleaners C. drivers
46.Night Safari is an amazing __________ and you can watch animals there at night. (2019四川廣元)
A. school B. zoo C. hospital
47. Upstairs are ???????bedrooms. They are tidy and nice. But ???????are in a mess. (2019四川眉山)
A. Lily’s and Lucy’s; our ????? B. Lily’s and Lucy’s; ours
C. Lily’s and Lucy; ours D. Lily and Lucy’s; our
48. The food safety is a serious ???????in many countries. People should try to solve it. (2019四川眉山)
A. subject B. program C. problem D. opinion
49. The _____________of the 2019 Beijing International Horticultural Expo(園藝博覽會)is“Live Green, Live Better.” (2019云南昆明)
A.symbol ???????B.condition ????C.theme ???????D.invention
50. - Sir, did you enjoy your stay in our________________?(2019浙江溫州)
??- Yes, I slept well and I like the breakfast.
?? A. hotel ??? B. school ??? C. factory D. company
51. One ____ of the book is missing, so I can’t learn the whole story. （2019重慶）
A. copy B. page C. writer D. reader
答案：1. AADBC ?6. CCBAA ???11. BAABB ??16. BCCDB
?????21. DCBAA ?26.BDCDA ???31. BCDAD ?36. ACACA
????41. ABACB ????46. BBCCA ?51.B
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