??2020屆中考語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)練之定語(yǔ)從句講解及配套真題專(zhuān)練
定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
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關(guān)系詞
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先行詞
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從句成分
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例句
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備注
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關(guān)系代詞
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who
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人
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主語(yǔ)
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Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?
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whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that
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whom
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人
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賓語(yǔ)
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Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
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whose
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人，物
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定語(yǔ)
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I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
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that
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人，物
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主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)
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A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
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which
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物
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主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)
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The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
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as
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人，物
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主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)
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He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
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as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略
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關(guān)系副詞
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when
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時(shí)間
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時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
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I will never forget the day when we met there.
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可用on which
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where
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地點(diǎn)
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地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
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This is the house where I was born.
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可用in which
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why
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原因
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原因狀語(yǔ)
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I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer.
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可用for which
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II. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別：
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情況
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用法說(shuō)明
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例句
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只用that的情況
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1．
先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。
2．
先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)
3．
先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
4．
先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)
5．
先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)
6．
句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)
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1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
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只用which, who, whom的情況
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1．
在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2．
在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3．
先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。
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He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
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III. as與which的區(qū)別：
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定語(yǔ)從句
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區(qū)別
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例句
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限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
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名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which
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He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
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非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中
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as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。
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They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
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IV. 限制性定語(yǔ)從句與非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：
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類(lèi)別
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語(yǔ)法意義及特征
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例句
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限制性定語(yǔ)從句
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對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用，如果去掉，主句意思就不完整明確，這種從句與主句的關(guān)系十分密切，寫(xiě)時(shí)不用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。
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The accident happened at the time when I left.
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非限制性定語(yǔ)從句
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對(duì)先行詞作附加的說(shuō)明，與主句的關(guān)系不十分密切，較松散。從句和主句之間用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)插入語(yǔ)，不能用that引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系代詞做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)也不能省略。
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His mother, whom he loved deeply, died ten years ago.
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定語(yǔ)從句
1. The charities have helped more children with the money _______ people raise. (2019.江蘇淮安)
A. who B. what C. where D. which
2.Du Fuguo is?a hero? is known to millions of Chinese?people.?（2019福建）
A.?who B.?which C. what
3. The movie ____ I have seen twice is The Wandering Earth.?(2019甘肅蘭州)
A. who B. which C. where D. when
4. —Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth(流浪地球) ? (2019甘肅天水)
—Yes. ?It's the best one______________?I have ever seen.
A. that ??????B. which ??????C.what ???????D.it
5.I prefer?music_____has great lyrics（2019甘肅敦煌).
????A.who ?????????B.?whose ??????C?.that ???????D./
6. Not all children ____ watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science. (2019廣東)
A. whom B. which C. who D. whose
7. —Hey, Anna. Would you like to see The White Storm with me?
—You mean, the new police story _____was filmed by Chen Musheng??(2019廣西玉林)
A. who ???????B. what ????????C. whose ????D. which
8. Sweet wormwood(青蒿)is a common plant in China and Tu Youyou is the woman _________
used the special power of the plant to save __________lives. （2019 貴州安順）
????A. which, millions of ????????????????? B. who, millions of
????C. whose, million of ?????????????????? D. who, million of
9.—Do you know the boy over there?
—The one is holding a ball? Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.?(2019 河南)
A. what B. which C. who D.不填
10.?The book ___ I read last night was fantastic.?(2019黑龍江大慶)
A. that ???B. what ??C. whose ??D.who
11.?—Have?you?got?ready?for?the?soccer?game?
—Yes.?I’ve?done?everything ____ I?can?to?win?the?game.
A. who B. that? C.?which
12. —Tomorrow?is Father’s Day. ?What’s your surprise for your father?
??—The first thing____ I will do is to make a card for him.?(2019湖北黃岡)
??A. who ??????????B. where ???????????C. whose ?????????D. that
13．China is getting better at making hi-tech products ______?can be bought in all parts of the world.?（2019湖南長(zhǎng)沙）
A．who B．which C．what
14. All the classmates enjoyed the cake _________I made at the party. It was really delicious(2019湖南郴州)
A. that ????????????????? B. who ?????????????? C. what
15.Mr.Brown is a teacher?????????is strict with all is students.?（2019吉林）
A.which??????????B.who?????????????C.where
16. Sitting down after a walk is relaxing. But would you like to sit on a seat_____tell you your weight??(2019呼和浩特)
?????A. / ???????????????B. who ???????????????????C. whom ???????????????D. that
17. –Do you know the man ____________ spoke at the meeting just now?
???- No, I don’t know. (2019山東濱州)B
A. what B. who C. which D. whose
18．（1分）﹣﹣Frank， look! Who are the children under the tree___waiting in a line？
﹣﹣They are the students from No． 1 Primary School．（ 2019年四川省達(dá)州?。?/span>
A．that are B．where are C．which is D．who is
19. Success always belongs to those ???????have tried their best to make their dreams come true.?(2019四川眉山)
A. who B. whom ?? C. whose ? D. which
20. The book ______was written by him is very interesting. (?2019四川內(nèi)江)
???A. who ??????B. whom ?????C. which ???????D. /
21. Peppa Pig?(《小豬佩奇》) is a British cartoon _________has been popular in China and is
much loved by little children and their parents.?（2019山東臨沂）
A. who ??????????????????? B. which ??????????????????? C. /
答案：1.DABAC ???6.CDBCA ??11.BDBAB ??16. DBAAC ???21B
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