2018年英語(yǔ)中考?xì)w納復(fù)習(xí)專(zhuān)題:句子的種類(lèi)
【句子的種類(lèi)】
簡(jiǎn)單句通常只由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)(或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))構(gòu)成,按句子功能一般分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句、感嘆句。
【簡(jiǎn)單句的基本句型】
類(lèi)型
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例句備注
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例句備注
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主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)
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We?study?hard.我們努力學(xué)習(xí)。
?
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某些不及物動(dòng)詞加特定介詞后可帶賓語(yǔ),如listen?to等。
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主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)
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I?like?apples.我喜歡蘋(píng)果。
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賓語(yǔ)為代詞時(shí),要用賓格代詞。
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主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)
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The?girl?is?kind.這個(gè)女孩很友好。
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表語(yǔ)多為名詞或形容詞,系動(dòng)詞look,taste,smell等后面常跟形容詞作表語(yǔ)。
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主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)
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She?bought?me?a?card.她給我買(mǎi)了一張卡片。
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常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:give,buy,show,pass等。
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主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)
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He?made?the?baby?cry.他把這個(gè)嬰兒弄哭了。
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常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞:make,keep,let,see,hear,notice等。
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1】
1.My younger brother is smart and I have already taught ________ (he) some English.
2.The orange tastes ______ (good/well).
3.Loud music always makes me _____ (want) to dance.
答案:him??good ?want
【陳述句】
類(lèi)型
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用途
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例句
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肯定句
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肯定的陳述,表示?“是如此”。
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They?usually?go?to?school?by?bike.他們經(jīng)常騎自行車(chē)去上學(xué)。
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否定句
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否定的陳述,表示“不是如此”。
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They?won’t?go?to?the?park?tomorrow.他們明天不去公園。
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注意:否定句是在be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后加not,常用縮略形式,要注意人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)的一致。
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練2】
1.I woke up early in the morning.(改為否定句)
I ____________ up early in the morning.
2.Carrots are grown all over the world.(改為否定句)
Carrots ______________all over the world.
3.They have gone to Africa.(改為否定句)
They __________________ to Africa.
答案:didn’t ?wake ?aren’t grown ?haven’t ?gone
【疑問(wèn)句】
類(lèi)型
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用途
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句型
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例句
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一般
疑問(wèn)句
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詢(xún)問(wèn)一件事或情況是否屬實(shí)。
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1.be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)/動(dòng)詞原形/分詞?
2.答語(yǔ):Yes,代詞+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞;
No,代詞+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+not
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—Are?you?a?student?你是學(xué)生嗎?
—Yes,I?am./No,I’m?not.是的,我是。/不,我不是。
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特殊
疑問(wèn)句
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針對(duì)句子某一具體成分提問(wèn)。
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特殊疑問(wèn)詞+謂語(yǔ)/一般疑問(wèn)句?—
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What?are?you?doing?你在做什么?
—I?am?reading?a?book.我在看書(shū)。
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選擇
疑問(wèn)句
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提供兩種或兩種以上的情況供選擇。
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1.一般疑問(wèn)句+or+另一個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)?
2.特殊疑問(wèn)句+選擇項(xiàng)+or+另一個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)?
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—Do?you?like?English?or?math?你喜歡英語(yǔ)還是數(shù)學(xué)?
—English.英語(yǔ)。
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反意
疑問(wèn)句
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由“陳述句+簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句”構(gòu)成,表示問(wèn)話(huà)者欲對(duì)陳述句部分進(jìn)行證實(shí)。
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1.肯定陳述句+否定的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句?
2.否定陳述句+肯定的簡(jiǎn)短問(wèn)句?
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—Emily?has?been?to?Japan?twice,hasn’t?she?埃米莉去過(guò)兩次日本了,對(duì)嗎?
—No,she?hasn’t.不,她沒(méi)去過(guò)。
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◆常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)詞(組)及其用法
疑問(wèn)詞
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用法
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備注
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who
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詢(xún)問(wèn)身份
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?
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whose詢(xún)
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問(wèn)“所有者”
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意為“誰(shuí)的”
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which
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詢(xún)問(wèn)特定的人或物
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?
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what
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詢(xún)問(wèn)具體信息(電話(huà)號(hào)碼、地址等)
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還可詢(xún)問(wèn)職業(yè)、日期
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when
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詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間
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?
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where
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詢(xún)問(wèn)地點(diǎn)、位置
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?
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why
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詢(xún)問(wèn)原因
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常用because從句來(lái)回答。
?
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how
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詢(xún)問(wèn)方式(怎樣)
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常用來(lái)詢(xún)問(wèn)交通方式;
答語(yǔ)中出現(xiàn)by+v.ing時(shí),一般用how來(lái)提問(wèn)。
?
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練3】
1.—____ you ever ____ to Shanghai?
—Yes,I went there last year. ( ?????)
A.Are;going ???????????????????????????B.Do;go
C.Did;go ????????????????????????????????D.Have;been
2.—___ are you going to England?
—To visit my uncle.He lives there with his family.
( ?????)
A.What ???????????????????????????B.When
C.Why ???????????????????????????D.How
3.—Do you like listening to country music or rock music?
—____.It brings me pleasure. ( ????)
A.Yes,I do ????????????????????????????????????B.No,I don’t
C.I like music ???????????????????????????????D.Country music
4.David never fights with his classmates,____?
( ?????)
?A.does he ??????????????????????????????????B.doesn’t he
C.is he ????????????????????????????????????????D.isn’t he
答案:DCDA
祈使句
祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、勸告、叮囑、號(hào)召、建議等。
類(lèi)型
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結(jié)構(gòu)
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例句
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肯定
祈使句
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動(dòng)詞原形+其他
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Come?in,please.請(qǐng)進(jìn)。
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Let+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
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Let’s?go!我們走吧!
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Be+表語(yǔ)+其他。
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Be?careful,please.請(qǐng)小心
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否定
祈使句
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Don’t+動(dòng)詞原形+其他
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Don’t?do?that?again!不要再那樣做。
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No+名詞/動(dòng)名詞+其他
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No?parking?here!這兒禁止停車(chē)!
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練4】
1.____ me the truth,or I’ll be angry. ( ????)
A.Telling ?????????B.To tell ???????????C.Told ????????????D.Tell
2.—____ late for school again,Tim!
—Sorry,I promise that I ____. ( ?????)
A.Don’t;won’t ???????????????????????????B.Don’t be;won’t
C.Don’t be;don’t ???????????????????????D.Don’t;will
3.____ the baby cry. ( ????)
A.Not let ????????B.Let not ?????????C.Don’t let ?????????D.No let
答案:D BC
感嘆句
感嘆句是表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)的驚異、喜悅、氣憤、哀傷等強(qiáng)烈感情的句子。通常由What或How引導(dǎo),What后以名詞為中心,How后以形容詞或副詞為中心,句末常用感嘆號(hào)。
類(lèi)型
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結(jié)構(gòu)
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例句
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What
型
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What+a/an+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
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What?a?beautiful?girl?she?is!她是多么漂亮的女孩?。?/span>
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What+形容詞+可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式/不可數(shù)名詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
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What?important?jobs?they?have?done!他們做了多么重要的工作??!
What?sweet?water?it?is!多么甜的水??!
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How
型
?
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How+形容詞+a/an+可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
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How?beautiful?a?picture?it?is!多么漂亮的一幅畫(huà)啊!
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How+形容詞/副詞(+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ))!
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How?cute?the?dog?is!這只狗多么可愛(ài)?。?/span>
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How+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)!
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How?time?flies!時(shí)間過(guò)得多么快??!
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練5】
1.The weather is very hot.(改為感嘆句)
__________ the weather is!
2.What surprising news it is!(改為同義句)
________________ the news is!
3.How delicious the food is!(改為同義句)
________________ food it is!
4.They are running fast.(改為感嘆句)
______________ they are running!
5.I have read a very interesting book.(改為感嘆句)
______________ interesting book I have read!
答案:How hot ?How surprising ?What delicious ?How fast What an
There be句型
There be句型表示“某地或某時(shí)有某人或某物”,there是引導(dǎo)詞,沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義,句中的be與離它最近的名詞在數(shù)方面保持一致。
1.There be句型的常用結(jié)構(gòu)
時(shí)態(tài)
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結(jié)構(gòu)
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例句
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一般
現(xiàn)在時(shí)
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There?is/are+sb./sth.+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)
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There?is?a?pen?on?the?desk.桌上有一支鋼筆。
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一般
過(guò)去時(shí)
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There?was/were+sb./sth.+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)/表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
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There?were?many?people?in?the?theater?last?night.昨晚劇院里有很多人。
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一般
將來(lái)時(shí)
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There?will?be(is/are?going?to?be)+sb./sth.+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)/表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
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There?is?going?to?be?a?basketball?match?next?Friday.下周五將有一場(chǎng)籃球比賽。
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與情態(tài)
動(dòng)詞連用
?
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There+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+sb./sth.+地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)/時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
?
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There?must?be?some?cute?animals?in?the?zoo.動(dòng)物園里一定有一些可愛(ài)的動(dòng)物。
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2.There be句型的句式變化
句式
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變化規(guī)則
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例句
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否定句
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一般是在be動(dòng)詞(或助動(dòng)詞)后面加not。
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There?isn’t?any?water?in?the?bottle.瓶子里沒(méi)有水。一般
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疑問(wèn)句
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一般是把be動(dòng)詞提前到句首。—
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Are?there?many?people?in?the?park?on?weekends?周末公園里有很多人嗎?
—Yes,there?are./No,there?aren’t.是的,有。/不,沒(méi)有。
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練6】
1.—Is there a watermelon on the table?
—_____. ( ?????)
A.Yes,there is ?????????????????????????B.Yes,it is
C.No,there is ???????????????????????????D.No,it isn’t
2.There ____ a football match between Class One and Class Three this afternoon. ( ????)
A.is going to be ??????????????????????????B.are going to be
C.is going to have ??????????????????????D.will have
3.There ___ some juice in the glass just now.
( ?????)
A.is ?????????????????????????????????????????B.are
C.was ?????????????????????????????????????D.were
答案:AAC
?【倒裝句】
初中階段對(duì)于倒裝句的考查主要集中在對(duì)so與neither/nor引導(dǎo)的倒裝句的辨析。
結(jié)構(gòu)
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說(shuō)明
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例句
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So+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
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表示與上文提到的肯定情況相同。
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I?like?reading?English,and?so?does?he.我喜歡讀英語(yǔ),他也喜歡。
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Neither/Nor?+be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)
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表示與上文提到的否定情況相同。
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You?won’t?go,and?neither?shall?I.你不去,我也不去。
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注意:當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí),不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu);意為“的確如此”。如:
—He is a good actor.他是個(gè)好演員。
—So he is.的確如此。
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練7】
1.—What language is that guy speaking? I can hardly catch a single word!
—____.He’s from India,so I guess it’s Hindi.
?( ????)
A.Neither I can ?????????????????????????B.Neither can I
C.So I can ????????????????????????????????D.So can I
2.—I think you are different now.
—Of course,times have changed and____.
( ?????)
A.so have I ????????????????????????????B.so I have
C.neither have I ????????????????????D.neither I have
答案 B A
【考題熱身】
1.— ______ have you felt like this?
—Three days. ( ??????)
A.How long ??????????????????????????B.How often
C.How much ????????????????????????D.How many
2.There ____ some students on the playground. ( ??????)
A.is ??????????????B.have ????????????C.has ???????????????D.are
3.—Sandy likes English best.She reads the texts every day.
—_______. ( ??????)
A.So does Jim ?????????????????????B.So Jim does
C.So Jim is ??????????????????????????D.So is Jim
4.Your mother is very busy.She hardly does morning exercises,_____? ( ????)
A.isn’t she ???????????????????????????B.does she
C.doesn’t she ??????????????????????D.is she
5.—_____?
—She is of medium height with blue eyes.
( ????)
A.How is Rita
B.What does Rita like
C.What does Rita look like
D.How do you like Rita
6.—Excuse me,but can you tell me where the nearest bank is?
—Just ___ going for two more blocks and you’ll see it. ( ????)
A.keep ????????B.to keep ??????????C.keeping ??????????D.keeps
7.—The final exam is over.Will you stay at home or visit your grandparents?
—_____.I miss them very much. ( ????)
A.Yes,I will
B.I’ll stay at home
C.No,I won’t
D.I’ll visit my grandparents
8.___ bad day! It’s raining hard.We have to stay at home. ( ????)
A.How a ????????????????????????????B.What a
C.How ???????????????????????????????D.What
9.—Is there any outdoor learning in your school?
—____.We learn outdoors once or twice every month. ( ????)
A.Yes,there is ?????????????????????????B.No,there isn’t
C.Yes,it is ???????????????????????????????D.No,it isn’t
10.____ exciting it is! Our country put her first homemade aircraft carrier(國(guó)產(chǎn)航空母艦) in the water on April 26 in Dalian. ( ????)
A.How ????????????????????????????????????B.What
C.How an ???????????????????????????????D.What an
答案:ADABCADBAA
?
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