2018年英語中考?xì)w納復(fù)習(xí)專題:動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
【動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)】
初中階段學(xué)習(xí)的時(shí)態(tài)有以下八種:一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般過去時(shí)、一般將來時(shí)、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過去完成時(shí)、過去將來時(shí)。前六種為??紩r(shí)態(tài),要掌握各時(shí)態(tài)的構(gòu)成、用法以及標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語。
【一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)】
謂語形式
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用法
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例句
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動(dòng)詞原形
或第三人稱
單數(shù)形式
(do/does)
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表示經(jīng)常或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。
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I?often?go?to?school?at?seven.我經(jīng)常在七點(diǎn)鐘去上學(xué)。
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表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)。
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It?is?twelve?o’clock?now.現(xiàn)在12點(diǎn)了。
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表示主語具備的性格、能力、特征等。
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He?looks?like?his?father.他看起來像他爸爸。
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表示客觀事實(shí)和普遍真理。
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The?sun?rises?in?the?east?and?sets?in?the?west.太陽東升西落。
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在時(shí)間、條件狀語從句中,代替一般將來時(shí)。
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If?it?doesn’t?rain?tomorrow,I?will?leave.如果明天不下雨我將離開。
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go,come,leave,arrive等動(dòng)詞常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示在時(shí)間上已確定或安排好的事情。
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The?train?to?Beijing?leaves?at?5:30.開往北京的火車5:30離開。
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
?
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always,usually,often,sometimes,every?day/year/week,on?Sunday,twice?a?week...
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1】
1.My father is a teacher and he _________ (teach) in a middle school.
2.Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _______ (go) around the sun.
3.—When shall we begin our meeting?
—We’ll begin it when Helen ___ . ( ???)
A.comes ????????????????????????????????B.came
C.will come ?????????????????????????????D.come
4.—How do you usually go to school?
—I usually ___ to school on foot. ( ?????)
A.go ??????????????????????????????????????????B.went
C.was going ??????????????????????????????D.will go
答案:teaches??goes A A
?
?
【一般過去時(shí)】
謂語形式
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用法
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例句
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動(dòng)詞的
過去式
(did)
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表示過去某個(gè)時(shí)間里發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
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I?met?him?in?the?street?yesterday.昨天我在街上遇見他了。
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表示過去習(xí)慣性、經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作、行為,常和often,always等頻度副詞連用。
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He?often?went?to?school?by?bus?last?term.上學(xué)期他經(jīng)常乘公共汽車去上學(xué)。
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
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yesterday,the?day?before?yesterday,last?night/week/year,a?moment?ago,just?now,then,in?2000,when?he?was?very?young...
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要點(diǎn)提醒:
“used to+動(dòng)詞原形”表示過去的習(xí)慣或狀態(tài)。如:Mum used to tell us stories.媽媽過去常給我們講故事。
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練2】
1.Mike ________ (not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night.
2.He asked if I _____ (be) a student.
3.Will you please say it again?I ___ quite ___ you.
?( ?????)
A.don’t;hear ??????????????????????????B.didn’t;hear
C.don’t;heard ????????????????????????D.didn’t;heard
4.He _____ go out with his parents,but now he ____ staying at home alone. ( ????)
A.used to;is used to
B.is used to;used to
C.use to;is used to
D.used to;used to
答案:didn’t go ?was ?B ?A
【一般將來時(shí)】
謂語形式
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用法
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例句
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will/shall+
動(dòng)詞原形(shall
用于第一人稱);
be?(am/is/are)
going?to+
動(dòng)詞原形
?
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表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
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My?friends?will?go?to?America?in?two?days.兩天后我的朋友們將去美國。
Look!It’s?going?to?rain.瞧,要下雨了。
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表示按計(jì)劃、打算要做的事,多用be?going?to。
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I’m?going?to?climb?the?mountain?this?afternoon.今天下午我打算去爬山。
?
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
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tomorrow,next?week/month/year,in?a?few?days(in+時(shí)間段),in?the?future,from?now?on,soon...
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?
要點(diǎn)提醒:
be going to與will的區(qū)別
1.be going to 指已計(jì)劃好的事或思考過的意圖、打算,will表示未事先思考或未計(jì)劃而臨時(shí)做出的決定。如:I’m going to see him tomorrow.我打算明天去看他。(事先經(jīng)過思考)
I’ll answer the door.我去開門。(未經(jīng)事先考慮)
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be going to可表示客觀跡象表明馬上要發(fā)生的事,而will則表明說話者的主觀意愿。如:
Look at the clouds.There is going to be a storm.看看這些云,暴風(fēng)雨就要來了。(客觀跡象表明要發(fā)生)
I hope it will be warm tomorrow.我希望明天會(huì)暖和起來。(主觀意愿)
3.在含有條件狀語從句的復(fù)合句的主句中,一般用will,不用 be going to。 如:
I will come if it doesn’t rain.如果不下雨的話,我就來。
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練3】
1.____ a concert in our school next Saturday. ( ????)
A.There is ????????????????????????????????B.There are
C.There will be ?????????????????????????D.There will have
2.If they can arrive by 9:00 am,we ___ a meeting.
( ????)
A.have ???????????????????????????????????B.will have
C.had ?????????????????????????????????????D.would have
3.He ___ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
( ??????)
A.gives ???????????????????????????????????B.gave
C.will giving ????????????????????????????D.is going to give
答案:C B D
【現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)】
謂語形式
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用法
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例句
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am/is/are
+現(xiàn)在分詞
(doing)
?
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表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。
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They?are?watching?TV?now.他們正在看電視。
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表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(常與these?days等連用)。
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These?days?we’re?working?on?the?farm.這些天我們?cè)谵r(nóng)場(chǎng)干活。
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與always,forever等詞連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡或不滿等情感。
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Alice?is?always?thinking?of?others.艾麗斯總是想著別人。
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表示位置移動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞,如come,go,leave,arrive等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示最近即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。
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I’m?coming.我這就來。We?are?leaving?tomorrow.我們明天將離開。
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
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now,Look!,Listen!,at?the/this?moment...
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練4】
1.They ____________ (have) a math test in the classroom now.
2.Look! He ___________ (lie) on the beach.
3.—Pass the raincoat to me.It ___ hard now.
—Here you are. ( ???)
A.rain ?????????????????????????????????B.is raining
C.rained ?????????????????????????????D.will rain
4.—Cathy,can you answer the door?I ___ the room.
—I’m coming,Mum. ( ???)
A.Clean
B.cleaned
C.have cleaned
D.am cleaning
答案:are having ??is lying ?B D
【過去進(jìn)行時(shí)】
謂語形式
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用法
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例句
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was/were
+現(xiàn)在分詞
(doing)
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表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作(動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間常用一個(gè)短語或時(shí)間狀語從句來表明)。
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I?was?watching?TV?at?eight?o’clock?last?night.昨天晚上八點(diǎn)我正在看電視。
She?was?reading?books?all?day?last?Saturday.上周六她一整天都在看書。
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與always,forever等詞連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭惡或不滿等情感。
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He?was?forever?complaining?about?something.他老是怨這怨那。
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
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at?that?time,at?this?time?yesterday,at?9:00?last?night,from?nine?to?ten?last?night,when/while?引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句等
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?
要點(diǎn)提醒:
1.在含有時(shí)間狀語從句的復(fù)合句中,延續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)的動(dòng)作常用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),另一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作用一般過去時(shí)。如:
When the UFO landed,I was shopping at the clothes store.當(dāng)UFO落地時(shí),我正在服裝店買衣服。
2.表示兩個(gè)延續(xù)性動(dòng)作在過去某一時(shí)刻同時(shí)進(jìn)行,不考慮動(dòng)作的先后順序,主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞都用過去進(jìn)行時(shí),連詞常用while。如:
Tom was doing his homework while I was reading a newspaper.我在看報(bào)紙時(shí),湯姆在做作業(yè)。
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練5】
1.Mike and I ___________ ?(play) basketball at that time yesterday afternoon.
2.While Mr.Johnson _______________ (work) in the office,the phone rang.
3.The girl ___ for the bus when the rainstorm came.
( ????)
A.waited ??????????????????????????????B.have waited
C.is waiting ??????????????????????????D.was waiting
4.—Jenny,I called you at nine last night,but you didn’t pick up.
—Oh,I ____ a popular program called Go Fighting!.
( ?????)
A.watch ??????????????????????????????????????B.watched
C.was watching ?????????????????????????D.am watching
?
答案:were playing ?was working D ?C
【現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)】
謂語形式
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用法
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例句
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have/has+
過去分詞
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表示過去發(fā)生或完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。
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I?have?seen?the?film?already.我已經(jīng)看過這部電影了。
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(已知電影內(nèi)容)表示過去開始的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在乃至將來(謂語常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,與so?far,since/for...連用)。
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I?have?studied?in?the?school?since?2009.自從2009年我就在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
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already,just,yet,so?far,up?to?now,ever,since?then,in/during?the?past...years,“since+過去時(shí)間點(diǎn)”,“since+一般過去時(shí)從句”,“for+時(shí)間段”...
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?
要點(diǎn)提醒:
1.have/has been to,have/has gone to與have/has been in(考點(diǎn)講解詳見P74考點(diǎn)1)
2.延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞英語中的動(dòng)詞按動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式、發(fā)生過程的長(zhǎng)短可分為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞兩種,非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞也可稱為短暫性動(dòng)詞或瞬間動(dòng)詞。在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中,有時(shí)要將非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞,這樣才能和時(shí)間段連用。轉(zhuǎn)換方法如下:
(1)將短暫性動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)換為“be+形容詞或副詞”。請(qǐng)看下表:
begin/start→be?on
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go?there→be?there
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come?back→be?back
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come?here→be?here
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open→be?open
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close→be?closed
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die→be?dead
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marry/get?married→be?married
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finish/end→be?over
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go?to?bed→be?in?bed
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leave→be?away
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return→be?back
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get?out→be?out
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fall?asleep→be?asleep
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wake?up→be?awake
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fall?ill→be?ill
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arrive/reach/get?to→be?in/at
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join→be?in/be?a?member?of
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如:這間商店開門6小時(shí)了。
The shop has opened for 6 hours.( × )
The shop has been open for 6 hours.( √ )
-
有的短暫性動(dòng)詞可以轉(zhuǎn)換為意思相同的延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。請(qǐng)看下表:
borrow→keep(借)
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become→be(成為)
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buy→have/own(買)
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catch/get?a?cold→have?a?cold(感冒)
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get?to?know→know(認(rèn)識(shí))
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go?to?sleep→sleep(睡覺)
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put?on→wear(穿)
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receive→have(收到)
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如:這本書我借了一個(gè)月了。
I have borrowed the book for one month.( × )
I have kept the book for one month.( √ )
3.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果,不能和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用;一般過去時(shí)只表示過去的事實(shí),不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系,可以和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用。如
I bought a ticket yesterday.我昨天買了一張票。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我昨天做的一件事是買票)
I have already bought a ticket.我已經(jīng)買了一張票。(強(qiáng)調(diào)我已經(jīng)有票了,無須再惦記票的事了)
4.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的其他句型
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練6】
1.— you _____ your homework yet?
—Yes.I ______ it a moment ago. ( ????)
A.Did;do;finished
B.Have;done;finished
C.Have;done;have finished
D.Will;do;finish
2.His father ___ the Party since 1978. ( ???)
A.joined ??????????????????????????B.has joined
C.was in ?????????????????????????D.has been in
3.Miss Green isn’t in the office.She ?to the library.
( ????)
A.has gone ?????????????????????B.went
C.will go ??????????????????????????D.has been
答案:B D A
【過去完成時(shí)】
謂語形式
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用法
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例句
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圖示
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had+
過去分詞
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表示在過去的過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。
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I?had?had?three?pieces?of?cake?when?you?arrived.你來的時(shí)候我已經(jīng)吃了三塊蛋糕了。
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?
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表示過去某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)持續(xù)到過去另一時(shí)間。
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The?old?man?had?lived?in?Shanghai?for?ten?years?before?Tom?came?here.湯姆來這兒之前,這個(gè)老人已經(jīng)住在上海十年了。
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
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by?the?time...,before,when等構(gòu)成的短語或引導(dǎo)
的從句
|
?
?
?
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練7】
1.在我們到達(dá)電影院之前,電影已經(jīng)開始了。
The film __________ ?before we _______ to the cinema.
2.警察趕到時(shí),小偷已經(jīng)逃跑了。
When the police __________,the thief
____________________ .
答案:had begun got ?arrived ?had run away
【過去將來時(shí)】
謂語形式
|
用法
|
例句
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would+動(dòng)詞原形;
was/were?going?to+動(dòng)詞原形
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表示在過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)(多用于間接引語或賓語從句中)。was/were?going?to多用于口語中,表示根據(jù)計(jì)劃或安排即將發(fā)生的事。She?said?she?would?be?back?the?next?day.她說明天她將回來。
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Mr.Green?told?us?we?were?going?to?have?a?party?at?the?weekend.格林先生告訴我們周末我們要舉辦一個(gè)晚會(huì)。
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時(shí)間標(biāo)志
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the?next?day,the?following?week...
|
?
?
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練8】
1.李明說如果布萊恩下個(gè)月來中國,他將會(huì)很高興。
Li Ming said he ___________ happy if Brian came to China the next month.
2.蒂娜說她下周三打算來參加我的生日派對(duì)。
Tina said she ________________ my birthday party the next Wednesday.
答案:would be ?was going to
【中考示例】
If he _____ Guilin,he’ll probably go to Yangshuo. ( ???????)
A.visits ???????????????????????????????B.is visiting
C.will visit ??????????????????????????D.has visited
【解析】考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意:如果他游覽桂林,他有可能會(huì)去陽朔。if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句時(shí),時(shí)態(tài)遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。
【考題熱身】
1.(2017·甘肅)I promise I ________ (send) you an email to explain all of these tomorrow.
2.Be quiet! The patients ______________(sleep).
3.Sandy’s grandparents
__________________ (marry) for 50 years.
4.A true friend always ____________(support) you whenever you are in trouble.
5.I ______________(wash) the dishes while my sister was sweeping the floor.
6.—What do you think of your hometown, Kate?
—It ?a lot.It’s more beautiful than before. ( ?????)
A.has changed ?????????????????????B.changes
C.will change ????????????????????????D.change
7.—Linda is not coming for the party tonight.
—But she ______! ( ???????)
A.promises ???????????????????????????B.promised
C.will promise ???????????????????????D.had promised
8.It’s nice to see you again.We ___ each other since 2016. ( ??????)
A.won’t see ???????????????????????????B.haven’t seen
C.don’t see ???????????????????????????D.didn’t see
9.If it doesn’t rain this weekend,we ___ a picnic in the Jinquan Park. ( ?????)
A.have ??????????????????????????????????B.will have
C.have had ???????????????????????????D.had
10.Some exchange students ___ with their host families this time yesterday. ( ???)
A.are chatting ???????????????????????B.will chat
C.were chatting ????????????????????D.have chatted
11.—Where is your uncle?I haven’t seen him for a long time.
—He _____ Beijing for about half a year.He moved there in January. ( ?????)
A.has gone to ???????????????????????????B.has been to
C.has arrived in ????????????????????????D.has been in
12.John and I ___ to visit his grandparents last Sunday afternoon. ( ????)
A.go ??????????????????????????????????????B.went
C.will go ????????????????????????????????D.have gone
13.In the past few years,many schools ?____ the ways of doing morning exercises. ( ????)
A.change ???????????????????????????????B.changes
C.will change ?????????????????????????D.have changed
14.As soon as the rain _____ ,they will go out to pick apples. ( ????)
A.stops ??????????????????????????????????B.stopped
C.will stop ?????????????????????????????D.is stopping
15.Don’t take the dictionary away.I ___ it. ( ????)
A.use ??????????????????????????????????????B.used
C.am using ?????????????????????????????D.have used
答案:will send are sleeping ?have been married supports A B BBCDBDAC
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