2018年英語中考?xì)w納復(fù)習(xí)專題：代詞
【人稱代詞、物主代詞與反身代詞】
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?????????????????????類別
人稱
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人稱代詞
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物主代詞
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反身代詞
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主格
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賓格
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形容詞性
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名詞性
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第一
人稱
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單數(shù)
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I
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me
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my
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mine
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myself
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復(fù)數(shù)
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we
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our
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our
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ours
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ourselves
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第二
人稱
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單數(shù)
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you
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you
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your
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yours
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yourself
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復(fù)數(shù)
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you
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you
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your
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yours
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yourselves
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第三
人稱
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單數(shù)
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he
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him
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his
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his
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himself
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she
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her
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her
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her
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sherself
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it
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it
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its
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its
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itself
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復(fù)數(shù)
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they
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them
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their
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theirs
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themselves
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1.人稱代詞
人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化，有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語，賓格用作賓語或表語。
（1）主格通常用在動(dòng)詞前作主語。如：
I like apples.我喜歡蘋果。
（2）賓格通常用在動(dòng)詞或介詞后作賓語。如：
He often helps me learn English.他經(jīng)常幫助我學(xué)習(xí)英語。 （動(dòng)詞后作賓語）
My younger brother is ill.We’re worried about him.我弟弟生病了，我們很擔(dān)心他。（介詞后作賓語）
2.物主代詞
物主代詞表示所屬關(guān)系，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱和數(shù)之分。形容詞性物主代詞具有形容詞的功能，不能單獨(dú)使用，用在名詞前作限定詞。名詞性物主代詞具有名詞的特征，其后不跟名詞，名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞。如：
This pen is mine.（=This is my pen.）這支鋼筆是我的。
3.反身代詞反身代詞表示“某人自己”的意思,是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式,一般用在賓語和主語是同一人的情況下,或用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自做某事。其變化規(guī)則為:單數(shù)后面加self,復(fù)數(shù)后面加selves。一般用作動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語。反身代詞的常見搭配:
enjoy oneself 玩得開心;過得愉快
teach oneself=learn...by oneself 自學(xué)
by oneself=alone 獨(dú)自
hurt oneself 傷著自己
help oneself to sth.隨便吃點(diǎn)東西
look after oneself 照顧自己
leave sb.by oneself 把某人單獨(dú)留下
dress oneself 自己穿衣服
lose oneself in陶醉于……;沉浸于……
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練1】
1.I think it’s important for children to help _____ (they) parents with housework.
2.Don’t worry about____.I’m old enough to look after ______.(I)
3.____ (we) computers are new，but _____ (they) are old.
4.I have a cat and ___ name is Mimi. （ ???）
A.its’ ?????????????????????????????????B.it’s
C.it ???????????????????????????????????D.its
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Their??me??myself??Our ?theirs ?D
?
【不定代詞】
不明確指代某個(gè)（些）人、某個(gè)（些）事物而起名詞或形容詞作用的代詞叫做不定代詞。不定代詞沒有主格和賓格之分。常見的不定代詞如下：
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類別
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肯定意義的不定代詞
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both,all,each,either,many,much,a?few,a?little,one,other(s),the?other(s),someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything
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否定意義的不定代詞
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neither,none,nobody,nothing,few,little
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功能
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在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等
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1.普通不定代詞
(1)some與any
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代詞
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用法
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例句
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some
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一般用于肯定句中;但在疑問句中,當(dāng)說話者希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請(qǐng)求、建議時(shí)應(yīng)用some。
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Some?children?are?flying?kites?in?the?park.一些孩子在公園里放風(fēng)箏。
Would?you?like?some?coffee?你要咖啡嗎？?
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any
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多用于疑問句、否定句或條件句中;用于肯定句中表示“任何”。
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Is?there?any?water?in?the?bottle?瓶子里有水嗎？
I?can?see?you?at?any?time?on?Monday.星期一任何時(shí)間我都能見你。
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相同點(diǎn)：都表示“一些”。既可修飾可數(shù)名詞,也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
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?(2)many與much
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代詞
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用法
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例句
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many
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修飾可數(shù)名詞。
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There?are?many?students?on?the?playground.操場(chǎng)上有很多學(xué)生。
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much
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修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
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Don’t?eat?too?much?junk?food.不要吃太多垃圾食品。
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相同點(diǎn)：(1)都表示“許多”。都可以和表示程度的副詞so,how等連用。
(2)都可與a?lot?of/lots?of/plenty?of互換使用；a?lot?of/lots?of/plenty?of既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
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(3)few,a few,little與a little
(4)each與every
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代詞
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用法
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例句
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each
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強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體,可指兩者或兩者以上的人或物，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語或同位語,可與of連用。
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Each?of?the?houses?is?different.每座房子都不同。
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every
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強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況,指三者或三者以上的人或物，在句中只能作定語，不能與of連用。
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Every?student?should?work?hard?at?school.每個(gè)學(xué)生在學(xué)校都應(yīng)該努力學(xué)習(xí)。
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相同點(diǎn)：都表示“每一個(gè)”；作主語或修飾主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)形式。
注：every?one可與of連用。
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all,both,neither與either
（6）other,the other,others,the others與another
（7）none與no one
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代詞
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含義
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用法
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none
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(三者或三者以上中)沒有一個(gè)人或物
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其后可接of短語，none?of后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)形式均可；
常用來回答由how?many引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。
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no?one
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沒有人其后不可接of短語，no?one作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；
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常用來回答由who引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。
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None of these pens works/work.這些鋼筆沒有一支能用。
—How many people are there in that room?那個(gè)房間里有幾個(gè)人？
—None.一個(gè)人也沒有。
No one(=Nobody) knows what will happen in the future.沒人知道將來會(huì)發(fā)生什么。
—Who was late today?今天誰遲到了？
—No one.誰也沒有遲到。
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復(fù)合不定代詞
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Somebody
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anybody
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everybody
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nobody
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someone
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anyone
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everyone
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no?ones
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omething
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anything
?
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verything
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nothing
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(1)由some和any構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞，其區(qū)別與some和any的區(qū)別基本相同。
(2)nobody,nothing與no one表示否定意義。
(3)復(fù)合不定代詞常作主語、賓語或表語，不能作定語。作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。如：
Everything goes well.一切順利。
(4)當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時(shí),形容詞或else必須后置。如:
There’s nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.今天的報(bào)紙上沒有有趣的事情。
Can you talk to anyone else?你能和別的人談?wù)剢幔?/span>
【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練2】
1.I always believe that ___ is difficult if we try our best to do it. （ ???）
A.something ??????????????????????????B.anything
C.everything ??????????????????????????D.nothing
2.Unfortunately I was sitting at the table with smokers on ____ side of me. （ ?????）
A.either???????????B.both ????????????C.other ?????????????D.all
3.Hurry up,kids!The school bus is coming.We have ?___ time left. （ ?????）
A.few ???????????B.a few ??????????C.little ???????????????D.a little
4.We can’t do it that way-but whether it will work is ?___ matter. （ ????）
A.other ????????B.another????????C.each ?????????????D.every
5.He was too tired to do ___ work. （ ????）
A.some ???????B.any ?????????????C.each ?????????????D.either
6.Listen to me.I have ___ to tell you. （ ????????）
A.new anything ??????????????????????B.anything new
C.new something ???????????????????D.something new
指示代詞指示代詞是表示指示概念的代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語。常見的指示代詞包括:this這個(gè);that那個(gè);these這些;those那些。
1.指示代詞的用法
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指示代詞
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用法
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例句
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this/
these
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①一般用來指在時(shí)間或空間上較近的人或物。
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These?are?my?books.這些是我的書。
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②指下文要提及的事。
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Remember?this:No?pain,no?gain.請(qǐng)記住這個(gè)：不勞則無獲。
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that/
those
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①指在時(shí)間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的人或物。
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Those?boys?are?from?America.那些男孩來自美國(guó)。
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②指前面剛剛提過的事。
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She?was?ill;that’s?why?she?didn’t?go?to?school.她生病了，那就是為什么她沒有去上學(xué)(的原因)。
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注意:打電話時(shí)用this介紹自己,用that詢問對(duì)方。如：
This?is?Mike?speaking.Who’s?that?我是邁克。你是誰?
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it，one與that的用法
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代詞
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用法
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例句
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it
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特指上文提及的同一個(gè)事物或前面提及的情況；代替單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。
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The?cake?is?delicious.I?like?it?very?much.蛋糕很美味，我很喜歡。
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one
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泛指上文提及的同類事物中的一個(gè)，同類但不是同一個(gè)；其復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones。
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My?coat?is?very?old.I’ll?buy?a?new?one.我的外套很舊了，我要買一件新的。
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that
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常用于表示比較的句子中，代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞,以免重復(fù)。that指代單數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，those指代復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。
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The?population?of?Shanghai?is?larger?than?that?of?Kunming.上海的人口比昆明多。
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練3】
用適當(dāng)?shù)?/span>(指示)代詞填空。
1.The weather in Beijing is colder than ____ in Guangzhou in winter.
2.Only a small number of people went abroad in ______ days.
3.There are enough cups for each visitors to have ____ .
4.I can’t find my ticket.I think I may have lost _____.
5.I don’t have much time to read ______ days.
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That ?those ?one ?it ?these
【疑問代詞】
疑問代詞通常位于句子開頭，用來引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句，并在句中充當(dāng)某一句子成分，包括who,whom,whose，what,which等。具體用法如下：
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疑問代詞
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意義
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用法
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例句
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who
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誰
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通常作主語(指人)。
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Who?is?singing?over?there?誰在那里唱歌？
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whom
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誰
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通常作賓語(指人)。
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Whom/Who?did?you?go?swimming?with?你和誰一起去游泳的？
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whose
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誰的
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表示所屬關(guān)系，一般作定語，后接名詞。
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Whose?coat?is?this?這是誰的外套？
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what
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什么
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通常指物，一般用在沒有范圍限制的情況下，常作主語、賓語、表語或定語。
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What?do?you?plan?to?do?this?weekend?這周末你打算做什么？
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which
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哪一個(gè)；
哪一些
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指對(duì)一定范圍內(nèi)的人或物進(jìn)行選擇，常作主語、賓語或定語。
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Which?language?can?you?speak,English,Chinese?or?French?你會(huì)說哪種語言，英語，漢語還是法語？
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注：whom是who的賓格，在口語中who也可用作賓格，但在介詞后只能用whom。
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【考點(diǎn)訓(xùn)練4】
用適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡柎~填空。
1.— ____ will you do for your father on Father’s Day?
—I’ll make a card.
2.—______ basketball is this?
—It must be Jenny’s.She likes playing basketball.
3.—_____ teacher will you miss the most after junior high school,Lisa?
—Ms.Lee.
4.—______ is friendlier，Mr.Gao or Miss Chen?
—I think Miss Chen is friendlier.
What ??Whose ?Which ?Who
【中考示例】
—Is this your Apple watch?
—No,it isn’t _____ .It’s Lily’s. ( ?????)
A.my ?B.mine??C.your ?D.yours
【解析】考查代詞的用法。句意：——這是你的蘋果手表嗎? ——不是，它不是我的(手表)，它是莉莉的(手表)。根據(jù)句意可知，空格處表示“我的(手表)”，應(yīng)用I的名詞性物主代詞mine，相當(dāng)于my watch。
1.The little girl is so smart.She can make a cake by ________（she) without help.
2.We can read about everything in books.They provide hope to _____（we).
3.I left my dictionary at home.Can I borrow ______（you)?
4.Last week the students went skating and enjoyed ___________（them) very much.
5.The nice little dog waved _____（it) tail happily,welcoming the owner back home.
Herself ?us ?yours ?themselves ?its
6.My father is a worker.___ is very kind.
（ ????）
A.He?????????????B.She ?????????????C.His ?????????????D.It
7.—Is this iPad yours? （ ????）
—Yes.My parents bought ___ for my language learning.
A.one ??????????B.it ??????????????????C.other ??????????D.another
8.—Excuse me，what’s your name?
— ___ name is Betty. （ ?????）
A.My????????????????B.His ??????????????C.Her ????????????????D.Your
9.He got up to get some hot water but found there was ___ left in the bottle. （ ????）
A.a few ???????????????????????????????????????B.few
C.a little ??????????????????????????????????????D.little
10.Bryan will not want to have ___ to do with horses in the future. （ ????）
?A.everything ???????????????????????????B.something
C.Anything ??????????????????????????????D.nothing
11.—The frozen yogurt tastes like ice cream but has ____ of the fat. （ ???）
—It suits me fine.I’m on a diet.
A.none???????????B.neither ????????????C.any ????????????D.some
12.—What about these two coats,madam?
—___ of them fits me.Could you show me ?one?
（ ?????）
A.Either;other ?????????????????????????B.Neither;another
C.Neither;else ????????????????????????D.Either;another
13.—Is this Kate’s bicycle?
—No,___ is under the tree. She put it there this morning. ( ??????)
A.his ?????????????B.hers ????????????C.mine ?????????????D.yours
14.—I’m a little hungry,Mum!
—There are some apple pies on the table.You may take ___ . （ ????）
A.it ???????????????B.this ???????????????C.that ??????????????D.one
15.His name is James,but he usually calls ?___ Jim. ( ????????)
A.he ????????????????B.him ???????????????C.his ????????????D.himself
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