第二章 形容詞副詞比較級(jí)較難考點(diǎn)
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◇?少數(shù)單音節(jié)詞前面加 more, most?構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)， 這類形容詞一般為表語(yǔ)形容詞和由過(guò)去分詞變成的形容詞
afraid -more afraid,?most?afraid tired - more tired , most tired fond - more fond ,?most?fond glad -more glad , most?glad
bored - more bored ,?most?bored pleased---- more pleased , most?pleased
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下列形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)有兩種形式， 即： 既可加-er/-est?也可加more/most
strict, often, friendly, clever
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◇?下列形容詞和副詞沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高（即表示“最高程度”或“絕對(duì)狀態(tài)”的形容詞和副詞沒(méi)有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)）如：empty, wrong, perfect, unique, extreme, excellent, favourite, true, right, correct, extremely?...
◇?比較應(yīng)在同類事物之間進(jìn)行。
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誤 ：Your English is better than me. 正：Your English is better than mine.
◇?比較級(jí)前可以有一個(gè)表示程度的狀語(yǔ)，最常見的三大修飾詞是：a?little, much, even。以下單詞也可用來(lái)修飾：any, far, still, a lot, yet, rather。
My sister is a little taller than me. Their house is much larger than ours. ?另外，名詞短語(yǔ)也可修飾比較級(jí)，說(shuō)明程度。I’m three years older than?he.
特別提醒：very, quite, too 不可修飾比較級(jí)。
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◇?避免重復(fù)使用比較級(jí)。
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誤：He is more kinder to small animals than I. 正：He is much kinder to small animals than I. 誤：He is more cleverer than his brother.
正：He is cleverer than his brother.
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◇?比較要符合邏輯，在同一范圍內(nèi)比較時(shí)，避免將主語(yǔ)含在比較對(duì)象中，這時(shí)需使用 other 來(lái)排除自身。
誤：China is larger that any country in Asia.
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正：China is larger than any other country in Asia.
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誤：John studies harder than any student in his class.
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正：John studies harder than any other student in his class.
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正：John studies harder than any of the other students in his class. 正：John studies harder than anyone else in his class.
◇?比較要遵循前后一致的原則，注意前后呼應(yīng)。
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The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing. It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.
◇?序數(shù)詞通常只修飾最高級(jí)。
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Africa is the second largest continent.
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The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. This is the third most popular song of Michael Jackson.
◇?為避免重復(fù)，我們通常用 that, those, one, ones?代替前面出現(xiàn)的名詞。that?代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞，those?代替可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。one?既可指人又可指物，只能代替可數(shù)名詞。
The weather in China is different from that in America.
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The book on the table is more interesting than that(或 the one)on the desk. A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.
誤 ：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than it of Shanghai. 正：In winter, the weather of Beijing is colder than that of Shanghai.
◇?“否定詞 + 比較級(jí)”相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。
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----Wait until we get a satisfactory reply, will you?
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----I couldn't agree more. The idea sounds great to me.
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Nothing?is?so?easy?as?this.?=Nothing?is?easier?than?this.?=This?is?the?easiest?thing.
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◇?比較級(jí)前一般不加冠詞。但表示兩者中較突出者，且比較級(jí)后又有名詞或出現(xiàn)了 ?of?the?two，這時(shí)比較級(jí)前一定要加 the。
He is the taller of the two.
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Of the two jobs，he chose the harder.
Which is the younger one, Lily or Lucy?
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試比較：
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Which is larger, Canada or Australia?
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Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters.
She is the taller of the two sisters.
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◇?不含 than?的比較級(jí)前可加不定冠詞修飾，構(gòu)成“a/an+比較級(jí)+單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”表示“一個(gè)更……的人/物”。
Why don’t you use a sharper knife? 你為什么不用一把更鋒利的刀呢？
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◇?比較級(jí) than?后應(yīng)用人稱代詞的主格，但非正式語(yǔ)體中常用賓格。He is taller than I/me.
◇?為避免重復(fù)，比較級(jí)中同樣的動(dòng)詞用助動(dòng)詞 do, does, did?替代。I spend less time doing homework than John?does.
She tells more funny jokes than we do.
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以下內(nèi)容不是初中教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，僅供拓展之用。
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◇?形容詞 most?前面沒(méi)有 the，不表示最高級(jí)的含義，只表示“非?！?。It is a most important problem.=It is a very important?problem.
◇?倍數(shù)表達(dá)法
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▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B. The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one. 這座新樓是那座舊樓的四倍大（高）/這座新樓比那座舊樓大（高）三倍。
▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.
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Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亞洲是歐洲的四倍大/亞洲比歐洲大三倍。
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▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.
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Your school is three times bigger than ours.你們的學(xué)校比我們的學(xué)校大三倍。用times 表倍數(shù)通常用于三倍以上，兩倍可以用 twice 或 double.
第三章 形容詞副詞比較級(jí)最高級(jí)重點(diǎn)句型歸納
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◇?句型一：形容詞或副詞比較級(jí)+than…
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型為比較級(jí)的最基本句型。只要看到 than，即可確定前面使用比較級(jí)。He is taller than I am.
The boy does his homework more carefully than the girl.
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◇?句型二：less?+ 形容詞的原級(jí) + than
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型表示“不如、不及”，特別需要注意的是，less?本身就是?little?的比較級(jí)，后面必須跟形容詞的原級(jí)，否定就造成了比較級(jí)的重復(fù)使用。
This computer is less expensive than that one.
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◇?句型三：as?+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型表示對(duì)比的兩者程度相當(dāng)，as?之間必須跟形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)，決不能使用比較級(jí)。此外，還要確定使用形容詞還是副詞。確定的依據(jù)就是根據(jù)第一個(gè) as?前的動(dòng)詞，如果是系動(dòng)詞（如?be，感官動(dòng)詞?look,?sound,?smell,?taste,?feel?等），那么就用形容詞的原級(jí)，如果前面的動(dòng)詞是一般的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，那么就必須用副詞的原級(jí)修飾動(dòng)詞。
This lesson is as easy as that one.
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Lucy talks with old people as politely as her sister. 特別提醒：as…as 之間也可以跟名詞，句型如下：
☆as +形容詞+ a/an +單數(shù)名詞+as
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He is as kind a person as his father. 他和他爸爸一樣都是善良的人。
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☆as + many/much+不可數(shù)名詞/可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)+as
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I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少紙，我也能。I have as many books as you do. 我的書和你的一樣多。
We’ll?give?you?as?much?help?as?we?can. 我們將盡我們所能給你幫助。其它幾個(gè)關(guān)于 as…as?的句型：
☆as?… as?one?can：盡其所能
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He began to run as fast as he could.
☆as … as possible：盡可能
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Please help us as quickly as possible.
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☆as soon as…一……就……
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He will call me as soon as he comes here.
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◇?句型四：not?as/so?+形容詞或副詞的原級(jí)+ as
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型表示“前者不如后者……”，往往可以與句型一和句型二替換。第一個(gè)?as?可以換為 so。
This classroom is not as bright as yours. I cannot run as fast as you.
◇?句型五：the?+形容詞或副詞最高級(jí)+ in?/?of?/ among?+比較范圍
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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如果這里為副詞最高級(jí)，前面的 the?常常省略。介詞 in?和 of?的用法完全不一樣。in?表示“在某一范圍內(nèi)”，如：in?the?classroom，in?the?world。of?表示“在同類之間”，of?后面的詞與主語(yǔ)同類，另名詞前一般有冠詞?the。among?表示“在（三者或三者以上）之間”， among?后接代詞或沒(méi)有修飾語(yǔ)的名詞。
The Changjiang River is the longest river in our country. Peter is the tallest of the six students.
This picture is the most beautiful among these.
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◇?句型六：one?of?+ 形容詞最高級(jí)+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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one of?有三大考點(diǎn)：1. 后跟形容詞最高級(jí)；2. 后接可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；3. 作主語(yǔ)時(shí)主語(yǔ)為 one，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。
One of the smallest dinosaurs was about one metre long.
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◇?句型七：比較級(jí)+and?+比較級(jí) /?more?and?more?+多音節(jié)詞的原級(jí)
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型表示“越來(lái)越……”，如果該形容詞比較級(jí)構(gòu)成形式加?er，則用前面的句型；如果該形容詞比較級(jí)加 more?構(gòu)成，則用后面的句型。
It is getting hotter and hotter.
The girl is becoming more and more beautiful.
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◇?句型八：the?+比較級(jí)+…, the?+比較級(jí)+…
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型意思為“越……就越……”，表示兩種情況同時(shí)變化。 The more you eat, the fatter you will be.
In the test, the more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
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◇?句型九：be?different?from
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型沒(méi)有運(yùn)用比較級(jí)，但也是對(duì)兩者事物進(jìn)行比較。注意前后比較需在同類事物中進(jìn)行。 ??My schoolbag is different from?yours.
◇?句型十：the?same?as… /?the?same…as…
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型同樣沒(méi)有運(yùn)用比較級(jí)，表示兩者之間具有共同特性。注意這里的 as?和 same?為固定搭配，不能隨便變換。
I don’t want to buy the same things as Amy did.
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◇?句型十一：比較級(jí)+than?+ any?other +名詞單數(shù)形式
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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any?other?后面跟單數(shù)名詞，表示“任何別的”，即主語(yǔ)在范圍內(nèi)，必須把自身從這一范圍內(nèi)除去，否則邏輯上不通。如果主語(yǔ)不在這一范圍內(nèi)，那么要把 other?去掉，只用 any?即可。Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.
（上海在中國(guó)這個(gè)范圍內(nèi)，所以用 any other）
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Shanghai is larger than any city in Jiangsu. （上海不在江蘇，所以只需用 any）
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◇?句型十二：比較級(jí)+than?+ the?other +名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式
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□注意事項(xiàng)：
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該句型相當(dāng)于 any other?+名詞單數(shù)形式，常用來(lái)進(jìn)行同義句改寫。該句型與句型十一雖然波表面上都是比較級(jí)，但實(shí)際上相當(dāng)于最高級(jí)。以下三句表達(dá)的是同一個(gè)意思。
Daniel is the most hard-working student in our class.
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Daniel is more hard-working than any other student in our class. Daniel is more hard-working than the other students in our class.
特別提醒：表示兩者(人或物)比較時(shí)，比較的對(duì)象應(yīng)是同類事物，不同類的事物之間無(wú)法進(jìn)行比較。
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