1. 體裁解讀
議論文是針對某個問題或某個事件進行分析、評論，表明自己的觀點、立場、態(tài)度、看法和主張的一種文體。議論文三要素是論點、論據(jù)、論證。
議論點表明作者對某一方面的問題所持的主張、觀點和態(tài)度。
論據(jù)是用來證明論點的根據(jù)。它包括事實論據(jù)和理論論據(jù)。事實論據(jù)即通常所說的“擺事實”，如客觀存在的現(xiàn)實、發(fā)生的事件、確切的數(shù)字及案例等；而理論論據(jù)即通常所講的“講道理”，如原理、規(guī)則、法則、名人名言、經(jīng)典著作等。
論證如同一條線，把需要的論據(jù)圍繞著論點組織起來，貫穿在一起。
2. 寫作攻略
初中生在寫議論文時要首先考慮自己的觀點是什么，明確觀點后要圍繞觀點進行論證，最后再進行總結(jié)。議論文在寫作手法上以議論為主，但有時也要運用說明、敘述、描寫等手法。初中議論文的寫作格式一般為三段式：開頭、主體和結(jié)尾。一般寫作步驟如下：
第一步：確定主題，引出論點；
第二步：通過擺事實、講道理來支持自己的觀點。所用的事實、原因、理由應緊密地同結(jié)論聯(lián)系在一起；
第三步：得出結(jié)論。要簡明扼要、回扣全文。
寫作模板
模板①?觀點態(tài)度型（一）
Many students think that _____________, because _____________ ?????????
But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think, _____________, so _____________（我的看法）. First of all, _____________（原因一）. Secondly, _____________（原因二）. Thirdly/Most important of all, _____________（原因三）.
All in all/In a word, I hold the opinion that _____________（總結(jié)觀點）. And I hope _____________（提出愿望）. ?????????
【模板范文】
Many students think that?they do not need to learn Engish, because?they don't plan to go abroad.
But as to me, I am not in favour of this point of view. I think?that English is very important to us, so we should learn English well. First of all, in the opening times, if you want to do business with foreigners, you must use English because most of them speak and write in English.?Secondly,?in the world today most books are written in English. If you know much English, you can read newspapers and magazines in English. Most important of all, you can learn something more widely.
All in all,?I hold the opinion that?we should learn English well. And I hope?that all the students can use English freely.
模板②?觀點態(tài)度型（二）
The topic of ????主題 ????is becoming more and more popular recently. There are two sides of opinions about it. Some people say ????A ????is their favourite. They hold their view for the reason of ????理由一 ???. What’s more, ????理由二 ???. Moreover, ????理由三 ???. While others think that B is a better choice in the following three reasons. First, ????理由一 ???. Second(Besides), ????理由二 ???. Third(Finally), ????理由三 ???.
From my point of view, I think ????我的觀點 ???. The reason is that ????原因 ???. As a matter of fact, there are some other reasons to explain my choice. For me, the former (later) is surely a wise choice.
模板③?說明利弊型
Nowadays, _____________ like to?_____________（社會現(xiàn)象）. About this different people have different opinions. ??
On the one hand, some people think _____________（優(yōu)點一）.?Moreover _____________（優(yōu)點二）. But every coin has two sides. Firstly, _____________（缺點一）. Besides, _____________（缺點二）.
I think _____________（我的觀點）.
【模板范文】
Nowadays,?many students like to?make friends online. About this different people have different opinions.
On the one hand, some people think?it's interesting to talk with friends online. So you will never feel lonely when you are alone. If you are lucky enough to make a friend from English speaking country, you can improve your English greatly. Moreover, it's pretty cool to have several foreign friends. But every coin has two sides. Firstly, only a few people have made really good friends online. Many people are cheated by the ＂friends＂. Besides,?it is terrible for students to spend much time making friends and talking online.
Some people say making friends online is making trouble. I think?there is something in what they say.
模板④?解決方法型
In recent days, we have to face a problem: that is _____________（問題）. For example, some _____________（例一）; some _____________（例二）; some _____________（例三）and still some _____________（例四）.
Faced with this, we should take a series of effective measures to deal with it. For one thing, we should _____________（解決方法一）. For another thing, we'd better _____________（解決方法二). Because, we should _____________（解決方法三）.
In my opinion, if _____________ , we will _____________.
【模板范文】
In recent days, we have to face a problem: that is?many students have bad eating habits. For example, some go to school without breakfast; some?like to eat snacks; some?always like to eat the same food; and still some eat or drink too much. All these habits are bad for our health.
Faced with this, we should take a series of effective measures to deal with it. For one thing, we should?eat all kinds of healthy foods, such as rice, fish, meat, vegetables and fruit. For another thing, we'd better?have meals at the right time. Besides, we should?not eat too much especially before we go to bed.
In my opinion, if?we have god eating habits, we will?have good health. And we can study beer.
1. 表示反對
oppose v.?反對 ? be against... 反對……
be opposed to反對，不贊成 object to... 反對，對……反感
disagree with不同意；不一致 on the contrary反之，正相反
2. 表示贊同
support v.?支持 stand by支持
in favour of 有利于；贊成，支持 agree v.?同意
3. 表示對比
on one hand/side 一方面
on the other hand/side 另一方面
4. 表示遞進
further more 進一步 in addition此外
besides 除此之外
5. 表示順序
last/finally adv.?最后 first of all 首先
what's more而且 the last point 最后一點
last but not least 最后但同樣重要的是
6. 表示轉(zhuǎn)折
yet adv.?然而 however adv.?可是，然而
in all 總的說來 in a word 簡而言之
in short 總之
8. 其他
nowadays adv.?現(xiàn)在 discussion n.?討論
argument n.?爭論 as follows 如下
mental health 心理健康 establish v.?創(chuàng)建
limited adj.?有限的 reduce stress減壓
in the opening times在開放時代
take a series of effective measures 采取一系列有效措施
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