牛津8A U7同步復(fù)習(xí)
一、詞匯Words
?1. immediately ?adv. 立即；馬上
????????e.g. I?recognized her immediately. 我立刻認出了她。
???????????He came immediately when he heard the news.
???????????他一聽到這個消息，馬上就來了。
????????【近義】at once ???????right now ??????right away
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?2. snore ??v. ?打鼾
????????e.g. My father was snoring again. ?我的父親又在打呼嚕了。
???????????We knew Dad was asleep because we could hear him snoring.
???????????我們指導(dǎo)爸爸已經(jīng)睡著勒，因為我們能聽到他的鼾聲。
???????批注：通過表演加深學(xué)生對這個單詞的記憶。
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3．attract ?v. ?吸引
????????e.g. Last night’s concert was able to attract a big crowd. 昨晚的音樂會吸引了很多人。
????????????Can a magnet attract steel and iron? ?磁鐵可以吸住鋼鐵嗎？
????????【知識拓展】 attractive ??adj. 吸引人的；引人入勝的
?????????????????????attraction ??n. 吸引力；吸引人的事物
?????????e.g. She wears very attractive clothes. 她穿著漂亮的衣服。
????????????I?don’t find her attractive. ?我發(fā)現(xiàn)她一點兒都不討人喜歡。
????????????Nowadays the Internet has more attraction for the young. 現(xiàn)在網(wǎng)絡(luò)對年輕人有更大的吸引力。
???????批注：讓學(xué)生注意+ive為形容詞，+ion為名詞；并且例舉其他類似詞匯，
如：act v. --- active adj. ---action n. ?
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4. escape v. 逃脫；避開；溜走
???????e.g. The thief tried to escape from jail, but the police caught him.
??????????那小偷試圖要逃離監(jiān)獄，但是警察逮住了他。
??????????They escaped from the burning house.
??????????他們從燃燒的房子里逃了出來。
??????批注：escape讀音近似“一時開跑”，容易讓學(xué)生聯(lián)想到逃跑的意思。
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5. interrupt v. 打斷；中斷；妨礙
???????e.g. Don’t interrupt me. 別打斷我。
??????????It is not polite to interrupt when someone is talking.
??????????在別人講話時插嘴是不禮貌的。
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6. weak ?adj. 虛弱的；無力的
???????e.g. Mary was weak after her illness. ?瑪麗病后很虛弱。
??????????My mother’s legs felt weak. ?我母親的雙腿感覺無力。
??????【反義】 strong ?adj. 強壯的，強大的
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7. aim v. 對……瞄準
???????e.g. Mary aimed her camera at the bird and snapped the picture.
??????????瑪麗用相機對準了那只鳥，拍下了那個鏡頭。
??????【知識拓展】 aim n. 目標(biāo) ??v. 力求達到，旨在
???????e.g. He went to London with the aim of finding a job.
??????????他懷著找工作的目標(biāo)去了倫敦。
??????????We aim to be there around six. 我們力求六點左右到達那里。
??????批注：結(jié)合八年級第一單元中ambition, dream 兩個單詞，講解ambition, dream，aim to be 的用法。
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8. attack v. 進攻；攻擊
???????e.g. The police dogs attacked the robber who fell to the ground.
??????????警犬攻擊那個跌倒在地上的劫匪。
??????????He was attacked by words. 他受言論攻擊。
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9. damage v. 損害；傷害
???????e.g. The earthquake damaged several buildings. 地震使一些建筑受到了破壞。
??????????Smoking seriously damaged your health. 吸煙嚴重傷害了你的健康。
???????【知識拓展】 damage n. 損害；傷害
????????e.g. The storm didn’t do much damage. 這場暴風(fēng)雨沒有造成很大損壞。
????????批注：可以聯(lián)系destroy進行講解，destroy破壞程度大，damage破壞程度較小，可修復(fù)。
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10. whisper v. 耳語；密談
????????e.g. He is whispering to her neighbor. 他向鄰座的人耳語。
???????????The two girls were whispering in the library. ?這兩個女孩在圖書館里低聲說話。
???????【知識拓展】 whisper n. 低語，耳語
????????e.g. She spoke in a whisper. 她低聲說話。
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11. panic v. 使恐慌；使驚慌
????????e.g. The crowd panicked at the sound of the guns. 槍炮聲使群眾驚慌失措。
???????????The banks were panicked into selling dollars. 銀行驚恐地拋售美元。
???????【友情提示】過去式和過去分詞為panicked, 現(xiàn)在分詞為panicking.
???????【知識拓展】panic n. 驚恐
????????e.g. They were in a state of panic. 他們驚恐萬分。
12. free ?adj. 自由的
????????e.g. Are you free tonight? 你今晚有空嗎？
???????【知識拓展】freedom n. 自由
????????e.g. The children enjoyed the freedom of the school holidays. 孩子們喜歡學(xué)校放假時的無拘無束。
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13. finally ?adv. 最后；終于
????????e.g. Our flight finally took off five hours later. 我們的航班終于在五個小時后起飛了。
???????【知識拓展】final ?adj. 最后的
????????e.g. They are waiting for the final result. ?他們正等著最后的結(jié)果。
????????批注：讓學(xué)生回憶相關(guān)近義詞，如：at last, in the end. 回顧表示時間先后順序的詞，如：first, second, then, after that, finally.
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14. maybe ?adv. 大概，也許
????????e.g. It’s clouding up. Maybe it?will rain this afternoon. 天陰了，今天下午也許有雨。
???????【指點迷津】maybe, may be
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maybe ?adv. 表示大概、可能，在句中作狀語，通常放在句首。
e.g. Maybe you put the letter in your pocket. 大概你把信房子衣服口袋里了吧！
???????(2) may be 是情態(tài)動詞may+系動詞be， 表示肯能是的意思，在句中作謂語，通常放在句中。
???????e.g. You may be right. 你可能是對的。
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二、重要短語Important Phrases
1. lie down 躺下
???????e.g. He was very tired and lay down on his brother’s bed.
??????????他非常累，于是就躺在他哥哥的床上了。
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2. make sure 確信，確定
???????e.g. Find some evidence and make sure that you are right.
???????????找出一些證據(jù)來證明你是對的。
??????【知識拓展】
???????make sure of/ about sth.
???????e.g. We must make sure of the time and place. 我們必須弄清時間和地點。
???????make sure + that 從句
???????e.g. Make sure that she turned off the gas. 確保她已經(jīng)關(guān)掉煤氣了。
???????make sure to do sth.
???????e.g. Make sure to turn off the radio before you go out.
??????????在你出去之前一定要關(guān)掉收音機。
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3. one by one 一次一個
???????e.g. The teacher asked the young?children to go into the tube one by one.
??????????老師叫小孩一次一個地進入那通道。
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4. be done for 完蛋
???????e.g. Those plants will be done for if you don’t water them soon.
??????????如果你不給那些植物澆水的話，它們會很快死去的。
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5. go out 熄滅
???????e.g. The fire has gone out. 火已經(jīng)熄滅了。
??????【知識拓展】go 構(gòu)成的常用詞組：
???????go away 離開 ?????go ahead 開始，進行 ????go over 復(fù)習(xí)，檢查
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6. be finished 被殺，被毀滅
??????e.g. The scandal means he’s finished in politics. 這一丑聞意味這他在政治上已身敗名裂
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重要句型Important Sentences structures
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1. We’re too weak to open the door.我們的力氣太小，是打不開門的。
too…to…是“太……以至于不能……”的意思。
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換： so…?that…?????enough to ….
The boy was too weak to carry that suitcase.?(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
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2．By this time ,I had joined my crew among the kangaroos.
???這時，我已經(jīng)和我的隊員們一樣躲在袋鼠中間了。
???本例是過去完成時的句子。By this time是“到這時為止”的意思，“by+過去某一點的時間”可以表示“到……為止”的意思，常常用于過去完成時中。過去完成時表現(xiàn)的是在過去的某個時刻之前已經(jīng)完成的事物或行為。過去完成時的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“助動詞had+動詞的過去分詞”。又如：
By the end of last year, the boy had already learned 3,000 English words.
到去年為止，這個男孩已經(jīng)學(xué)會了3000個英語單詞。
???????????????????????????I．代 ?詞
代詞的分類：英語中代詞分為：人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關(guān)系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。
一、人稱代詞：人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。
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第一人
稱單數(shù)
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第二人
稱單數(shù)
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第三人稱單數(shù)
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第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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陽性
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陰性
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中性
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主
格
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I
(我)
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you (你)
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he
(他)
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she
(她)
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it
(它)
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we
(我們)
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you
(你們)
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they (他們,她們,它們)
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賓
格
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me
(我)
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you (你)
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him
(他)
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her
(她)
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it
(她)
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us
(我們)
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you
(你們)
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them (他們,她們,它們)
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1、主格用來作句子的主語、表語。
如： I often go shopping on Sundays. ???(星期天我常去購物)?/
Are they?from Brazil? ?????????????(他們是巴西人嗎？)?
Where have?they gone? ????????????(他們上哪兒去了？)?
That’s it.??????????????????????????(就那么回事)?
It’s he! ??????????????????????????(是他！)
2、賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。
如：Who teaches you?English this year? ??????(今年誰教你們的英語？)?
?Help me! ??????????????????????????????(救救我！)?
We often write letters ?to ?her. ???????(我們常給他寫信)
3、人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than或as之后時,可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語中大多用賓格。
如：----Who is it? ????(是誰？) ?????----It’s I/me. ???(是我。)
4、?三個不同人稱同時出現(xiàn),或者主語中包含“我”時,按照“you→he→I”的順序表達。
如：Both he?and?I are working at that computer company. ?????(我和他都在那家電腦公司上班) ?
?----Who will go there? ??????(誰要去那兒？)
----You?and me. ?????????????(你和我)
5、?人稱代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示“時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義,此外還可以作“非人稱代詞”使用,替代作主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。
如：-----What’s the weather like today? ???(今天天氣怎樣？)
----It’s fine. ???????????????????????(天氣晴好)?
----What’s the time? ??????????(幾點啦？)?
----It’s 12：00. ???????????????(12點)?
It’s a long way to go. ??????????(那可要走好長的路)?
It?took him three days?to clean his house. ???????(打掃屋子花了他三天的時間)?
It?is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space. ??(很顯然,公眾想知道這些人什么時候能進入太空)?
We found it?very difficult to learn a foreign language well. ???(我們發(fā)覺要學(xué)好一門外語是非常困難的)
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練一練：選擇正確的選項
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1.-How is your mother?
?-??????is very well.
A. I ?????B. You ????C. She
2. Bob and I are good friends.?????go to school ?together(一起)
A. They ??B.?We ????C. He
3.-?????is Cindy, and?????am Tina.
?-Nice to meet?????, Tina and Cindy.
A. He, I, you ????B. She, he, they ??C.?She, I, you
4.??????are always good friends
A. I and you ????B. You and I ?????C. You and me
5.???????are always(一直) good friends.
A. I, you and she ?B.?You, she and I ?C. She, I and you
6. I think???????are all wrong.
A. I, you and she ?B. you, she and I ??C. she, I and you
7. Here is a pen. Oh,?????is Lily’s. Give?????to???????.
A. He, him, her ??B. It, her, it ???????C. it, it, her
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物主代詞：說明事物所屬關(guān)系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。
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第一人
稱單數(shù)
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第二人
稱單數(shù)
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第三人稱單數(shù)
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第一人稱復(fù) ???數(shù)
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第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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陽性
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陰性
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中性
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形容
詞性
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my
(我的)
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your
(你的)
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his
(他的)
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her
(她的)
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its
(它的)
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our
(我們的)
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your
(你們的)
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their (他們的,她們的,它們的)
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名詞
性
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mine
(我的)
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Yours
(你的)
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his
(他的)
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hers
(她的)
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its
(她的)
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ours
(我們的)
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yours
(你們的)
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theirs(他們的,她們的,它們的)
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形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語,后面要跟名詞。
如：Is that your?umbrella? ????????????????????(那是你的傘嗎？)
?I often go to see my?aunt on Sundays. ???????(我經(jīng)常在星期天去看望阿姨)?
They are?their?books. ???????????????????????(是他們的書)
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名詞性物主代詞相當(dāng)于名詞, 既代替事物又表明所屬關(guān)系,在句子中往往獨立地作主語、賓語或者表語,后面千萬不可以跟名詞。
如： This is your cup, but where is?mine? ???????????????????(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒？)?
?Your classroom is very big, but?ours?is rather small. ????(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)
3、“of + 名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語時放在名詞的后面。
如：A friend?of mine?came to see me yesterday. ??????(我的一個朋友昨天來看我了)
(指若干朋友中有一個來看我。)
[試比較] ?My?friend came to see me yesterday. ????????(我的朋友昨天來看我了)
(指我的那個特定的朋友來看我。)
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練一練：
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根據(jù)提示和語境填入適當(dāng)?shù)奈镏鞔~和人稱代詞。
1.?????(他的) coat is black, but ?????(她的) is red.??His ?hers
2. Whose wallet is this? It’s???????(我的). It’s???????(我的) wallet.??mine my
3. I’m a new student.????????name is Helen.?my
4.-Are these???????(你們的) skateboards??your
??-Yes, they’re???????(我們的).ours
5. Nancy is my cousin.???????eyes are big.?Her
6. Look, there is his new book. ?????????(我的) is as new as his.?mine
7. Can??????show???????????????book? （你能把你的書借給我看一下嗎？）you me your
8. This is no???????(I) shirt. It’s???????(he).?my hers
9.???????are listening to the radio. Don’t talk to ???????(他們).?They them
10.?????????(我們) will buy a pair of shoes for ??????(他).?We ?him
二、選擇正確的選項。
1. This is Sandy. ??????looks like??????mother.
A. He, her ???????B. She, her ??????C. She, his
2. Let ????give ????a book..
A. me, your ??????B. you, my ??????C. me, you
3.-Is that bike????
-Yes, it’s ?????.
A. yours, mine ????B. my, mine ?????C. mine, your
4. This is not??????bike.???????is broken(壞了).
A. his, He’s ??????B. her, His ???????C.?his, His
5. These are my friends.????names are Sam and Jack.
A. His ??????????B. Theirs ????????C. Their
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反身代詞：表示謂語的動作與主語有關(guān)或者賓語補足語的動作與賓語有關(guān)。
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第一人
稱單數(shù)
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第二人
稱單數(shù)
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第三人稱單數(shù)
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第一人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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第二人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)
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陽性
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陰性
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中性
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myself
(我自己)
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yourself
(你自己)
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himself
(他自己)
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herself
(她自己)
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itself
(它自己)
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ourselves
(我們自己)
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yourselves
(你們自己)
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themselves (他們/她們/它們自己)
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1. 反身代詞在句子中作賓語表示反射(指一個動作回到該動作執(zhí)行者本身)。
如：Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself. ????(不要玩刀子,那會割傷你的)
2. 在句子中作同位語表示強調(diào)(即用來強調(diào)名詞或代詞的語氣)。
如：The story?itself?is good. Only he didn’t tell it well. ?????(故事本身是好的,只是他沒有講好)
3. 指示代詞： 指示說明近處或者遠處、上文或者下文、以前或者現(xiàn)在的人或事物。
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單數(shù)
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復(fù)數(shù)
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含義
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this(這個)
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these(這些)
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指較近的人和物
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that(那個)
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those(那些)
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指較遠的人和物
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such?(這樣的人/物)
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指上文提過的人和物
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same (同樣的人/物)
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指和上文提過的相同的人和物
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it (這人/這物)
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指不太清楚是誰或者是什么時
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指示代詞既可以單獨使用做句子的主語、賓語或表語,也可以作定語修飾名詞。
如：What’s?this? ????(這是什么？)?
That model plane is made of plastic. ????(那只模型飛機是塑料做的)(被動句)
Remember never to do such?things. ?????(記得永遠不要做這樣的事情)?
Do the?same as the teacher tells you. ???(按老師說的做)
---Who is it? ???(是誰？)??????---It’s me! ???(是我！)
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練一練：根據(jù)漢語填空或選擇適當(dāng)?shù)囊豁椡瓿删渥印?/span>
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1. ______ ??was a doctor.
A. He????????????????B. him????????????????C.his
2.______is too young to look after.
A.She??????B.Her????C. Herself
3. We???????at the party last Sunday.
A. enjoyed myself ?????B. enjoyed ourselves ????C. enjoyed ourself
4. “Make??????at home.” He said to his friends.
A. yourself ???????????B. yourselves ??????????C. you
5. Let Tony do it by?????. He is no longer a kid.
A. him ??????????????B. his ?????????????????C.?himself
6. you are twelve now.??????must look after??????.
A. You, yourself ??????B. Your, yourself ?????????C. You, your
7. She and her mother enjoyed??????at the party.
A. herself ???????????B. them ?????????????????C. themselves
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四、不定代詞：代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。
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單數(shù)
含義
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some
any
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no
none
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/
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/
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each
(every)
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one
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either,
neither
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so
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the other,
another
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復(fù)合不
定代詞
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不可數(shù)
含義
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much
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little,
a little
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all
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/
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/
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/
|
/
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/
|
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復(fù)數(shù)
含義
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many
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few,
a few
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ones
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both
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others,
the others
|
?
※?注：復(fù)合不定代詞有12個：something (某事), ?someone (某人), ?somebody (某人), ?anything
(任何事), ?anyone (任何人), ?anybody (任何人), nothing (沒事), nobody (沒有人), ?no one (沒有人), everything(一切), everyone(每個人), everybody(每個人).??
(1) some和?any 的用法：
some一般用于肯定句中,意思是“幾個”、“一些”、“某個”作定語時可修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞。
如： I have some?work to do today. ????(今天我有些事情要做)
?They will go there some?day. ??????(他們有朝一日會去那兒)
some 用于疑問句時,表示建議、請求或希望得到肯定回答。
如：Would you like some?coffee with sugar? ????(你要加糖的咖啡嗎？)
any 一般用于疑問句或否定句中,意思是“任何一些”、“任何一個”,作定語時可修飾可數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞
如：They didn’t have ?any?friends here. ??????(他們在這里沒有朋友)
?Have you got?any?questions to ask? ???????(你有問題要問嗎？)
any 用于肯定句時,意思是“任何的”。 ??Come here with?any?friend. ????(隨便帶什么朋友來吧。)
(2) no和none的用法：
no是形容詞,只能作定語表示,意思是“沒有”,修飾可數(shù)名詞(單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù))或不可數(shù)名詞。
如：There is no?time left. Please hurry up. ???????(沒有時間了,請快點)?
?They had no?reading books to lend. ??????????(他們沒有閱讀用書可以出借)
none只能獨立使用,在句子中可作主語、賓語和表語,意思是“沒有一個人(或事物)”,表示復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。
如：None?of them is/are in the classroom. ???????(他們當(dāng)中沒有一個在教室里)
?I have many books, but none?is interesting. ??(我有很多的書,但沒有一本是有趣的) ?
(3) all和both的用法：
all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞；也可用來代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
both指兩個人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。all和both在句子中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。
如：I know all?of the four British students in their school. ???(他們學(xué)校里四個英國學(xué)生我全認識)?
?----Would you like this one or that one? –Both. ???????????(你要這個還是那個？兩個都要。)
all和both既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞),也可以獨立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名詞(復(fù)數(shù))
的形式,其中的of?可以省略。
如：All?(of) (the) boys are naughty. ????(是男孩都調(diào)皮)
(4) every和each用法：
every是形容詞,只能作定語修飾單數(shù)名詞,意思是“每一個”,表示整體概念；
each是形容詞、代詞,可用作主語、賓語、定語等,意思是“每個”或者“各個”,表示單個概念；each可以放在名詞前,可以后跟of短語,與動詞同時出現(xiàn)時要放在“be動詞、助動詞、情態(tài)動詞”之后或者行為動詞之前
every和each都用作單數(shù)理解,但是下文中既可以用單數(shù)的代詞(如he/him/his)也可以用復(fù)數(shù)的代詞(如they/them/their)替代。
如： Every?one of the students in his class studies very hard. ?????(他班上每個學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)都很用功)?
?They are very busy. Each?of them has something to do. ???????(他們很忙,人人都有事干)?
(5) either和neither的用法：
either意思是“兩個中間的任何一個”；neither是either的否定形式,意思是“兩個都不”。
neither和either在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語等,都用作單數(shù)。
如：I don’t care much for what to drink. Either?of the two will do.??
(我不介意喝些什么,兩個之中隨便哪個都行)?
----Will you go there by bus or by car? ????---–Neither. I will go there by train. ??
(你坐公車去還是坐轎車去？一個都不坐,我坐火車去。)
(6) other、the other和another的用法：
other意思是“另一”、“另一些”,有復(fù)數(shù)形式。在句子中可作主語、賓語和定語。another意思是“另外”、“又一個”,表示增加,在句中可作賓語和定語。
如： Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others?are sitting on the grass talking.
(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) ?
You have had several cakes. Do you really want another?one? ?????(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊？)??/ ?I want another?four books.(我還要四本書)
another(另外的,再一,又一)與the other(另外的一個) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個時用the other,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。如： This is one of your socks. Where is?the other one?(這是你的一只襪子,還有一只呢？)?/ I have eaten 4 cakes, but I still want another.(我已經(jīng)吃了4塊蛋糕,但是我還要以塊。)
others與the others的主要區(qū)別：others指“剩余的人/物”(指大部分)；the others指“其余的人/物”,(指全部)。如：A few students are playing soccer while others?are watching them.(有幾個學(xué)生在踢足球,其他一些人在觀看)?/ Two of the ten boys are standing and?the others?are sitting round them.(十個男孩中有兩個站著,其他人都圍著他們坐著。)
(7) many和much的用法：
many意思是“很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；much意思是“很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。它們在句中可作主語、賓語和定語等。如：I don’t have many?friends here.(在這里我沒有很多的朋友。)?/Many?died in the bus accident.(許多人在公交車禍中喪失)?/ We can learn much?with the help of him.(在他的幫助之下我們能學(xué)到很多)?
?many和much一般用于否定句,肯定句中通常用a lot of?或者lots of; ?many / much用于肯定句時可以在前面加上so、very或too.如： ?There are a lot of people on the playground.(操場上有許多的人)/ They haven’t got much?work to do.(他們沒有多少事情可做)?/ There are too many?people in the room.(房間里人太多了。)
(8) few、little、a few、a little的用法：
few、little意思是“很少幾個”、“幾乎沒有”,有否定的意思,a few、a ?little意思是“有幾個”、“有些”,有肯定的意思 ；few、a few與可數(shù)名詞連用或代替可數(shù)的事物,?little、a little與不可數(shù)名詞連用或代替不可數(shù)的事物。它們在句中可作主語、賓語和定語。
如：He is very poor and he has little?money. ???????(他很窮,幾乎沒有什么錢。)?
Don’t worry. There is still a little?time left. ?????(別著急,還有一點兒時間呢。)?
In that polar region there live?few?people. ??????(在那個極地地區(qū)幾乎不住人)?
You can get a few sweets from him. ????????????(你可以從他那兒弄到一些糖果)
?
(9) 復(fù)合不定代詞somebody ,something ,anything, nothing ,everything, everybody等是由some , any ,no ,every, 加上body, thing?構(gòu)成的,叫做復(fù)合不定代詞,在句子中當(dāng)單數(shù)使用。
somebody, something, someone 一般用于肯定句中；anything,?anybody,anyone一般用于疑問句、否定句和條件狀語從句中。修飾復(fù)合不定代詞的定語,應(yīng)放在它們的后面。
如：Hey,Lily. There is someone?outside the door. ???????(嗨,麗麗,門外有人。)?
Did you meet anyone?when you came to school last Sunday? ??
(上個星期天你來學(xué)校時見到什么人了嗎？)
He has nothing?much?to do today.(他今天沒有多少事情做)
?(10) ?one與ones用來代替上文的一個或多個人或事物,前面可以加冠詞、形容詞、指示代詞、which等。
如： Which jacket would you like, this one?or that one? ?????(你要哪件夾克,這件還是那件？)
?I don’t like the green ones. ???????????????????????????(我不喜歡綠色的那些)
?(11) ?so可以代替一件事情,作句子的賓語或表語。
如： I don’t think so. ?????????????(我認為不是這樣的。)?
?He lost a book. ?So?did I. ??????(他丟失了一本書,我也是。)?
?(12) a lot of、lots of、a number of( /large numbers of)、a great deal of、plenty of的區(qū)別：五個“名詞+介詞”短語都表示“大量,許多”,a lot?of(或lots of)既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式,可以相應(yīng)地換為much和many；plenty of“足夠、大量”,既可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞也可以修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。?a number of / large numbers of只可以修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式)可以換為some、many、a lot of、plenty of。 a great deal of只可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞(它修飾的詞作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式)可以換為much。
如：A lot of?people think that time is money. ????????????????(許多的人認為時間就是金錢。)?
?I don’t have to do it in a hurry because I have plenty of?time. (我用不著趕忙,因為我有充足的時間。)??I have a number of letters to write today. ?????????????????(今天我有好多信要寫)?
I spend a great deal of time/money on shopping. ???????(在購物方面我花費了大量的時間/金錢。)
?(13) ?none、no one、nobody的區(qū)別：no one和nobody都表示“沒有人”,僅指人,后面不跟of?短語,作主語時謂語用單數(shù)形式；none表示“沒有一個人/物”,可指人也可以指物,后面可跟of短語,作主語時謂語可用單數(shù)也可用復(fù)數(shù)。
如：No one?knows how he managed to get the ticket. ????????(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的)
?Nobody?handed in his/their composition(s) yesterday. ???(昨天沒有一個人交作文。)?
None of my friends?came to see me that day. ????????????(那天沒有一個朋友來看我。)
?
練一練：
-
選擇正確的選項。
1.-Do you have a computer?
?-Yes, I have a good ??????.
A. some ???????????????B. one ????????????????C. it
2. He has one blue pen and two red?????.
A. one’s ???????????????B. ones ???????????????C. one
3. There are shops on???????sides of the street.
A. both ????????????????B. every ??????????????C. some
4.-Is there?????tea in that green cup?
?-Yes, there is ?????.
A.?any, some ???????????B. any, any ????????????C. some, any
5. Could you do???????for me, please?
A. everything ??????????B. anything ????????????C. something
6. Turns off(關(guān)掉) the TV, Betty. ??????is watching it.
A. somebody ??????????B. Nobody ?????????????C. Everybody
7.-Did you find?????in the room?
??-No, we found????there.
A. anybody; nobody ????B. somebody; everybody ????C. anybody; somebody
8. Would you like?????more coffee?
A. little ??????????????B. any ???????????????????C. some
9. Listen to me. I have?????to tell you.
A. anything surprising ??B. something surprising ?????C. surprising something
10.????????students are on the playground. They are????in the classroom.
A. All, all ????????????B. No, all ?????????????????C. Some, both ??
?
?
五、相互代詞：表示相互關(guān)系的詞叫相互代詞。
each other ,one another是相互代詞,譯成“互相”,可以通用。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。它們有所有格形式each other’s ,one another’s。
如： We must help each other?when we are in trouble. ?????????????(我們身處困境時要互相幫助。)
?They sat there without talking to one another / each other.????(他們坐在那兒,互相都不說話。)
練一練：
?
-
選擇正確的選項。
1. He and she are as tall as???????.
A. themselves ????B. them ?????C. each other
2. People usually put small presents (禮物) in ???????stocking (長筒襪) on Christmas Eve (圣誕夜).
A. each other ??????B. each other’s ?????C. each others’
3. The students often help??????.
A. one the other ??????B. each the other ?????C. one another
二、根據(jù)漢語完成句子。
1. We just said “ hello” ??????????????????????. （我們僅僅相互打了聲招呼。）
2. They often ??????????????????????????????????in English. (他們常常用英語書信來往。)
3. They should meet?????????????????????parents. (他們應(yīng)該見見彼此的父母。)
?
Key:1 to each other ?2 write to each other ??3 each other’s
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