牛津8A U4同步復習
詞匯Words
1. ancient???adj. very old; from a time long ago很久以前的;古老的,古代的
e.g. ?The ancient Chinese wore different clothes from the modern Chinese.
????中國古人與現(xiàn)代人穿的衣服完全不同。
????I feel pretty ancient when I see how the younger generation behaves.
????看到年輕一代的行為舉止,我覺得我太老了。
【反義】modern adj. 現(xiàn)代的;現(xiàn)代化的
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2.times 時代;時期
??e.g. In Shakespeare's times, not many people could read.在莎士比亞時代,沒有多少人認識字。
??【近義】 ?age n. 時代
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3.as ?像……一樣,正如
??e.g. She works in the same building as my sister.她和我的妹妹在同一大樓上班。
【指點迷津:like, as】
??like和as都有“像……一樣”的意思。它們的區(qū)別是:
??(l)like表示相似關系,但不等同;as指兩者完全或幾乎完全相同。
??e.g. Look, I have wings just like you. 看,我和你一樣有翅膀。
????He works as a servant.他以一名仆人的身份工作著。
??(2)as后接從句或省略的從句,但like后通常只接名詞或代詞。
????e.g. I have the same idea as you have.我和你有相同的主意。
????????I have a new coat like hers.我有件和她的相似的新大衣。
??(3)like常與系動詞或代詞搭配,如:look like,be like,like this,like that,like it。
????as常與動詞搭配,如:work as…,treat ...as
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4.nearly 幾乎,差不多
????e.g. I'm nearly 16 –it’s my birthday next week. 我就快16歲了,下個禮拜是我生日。
【指點迷津:almost, nearly】
??兩詞意思均為“幾乎,將近,差不多”,當與動詞、副詞、形容詞及名詞連用時,意義相近,可互換。
????e.g. ?It's nearly suppertime.=-It's almost suppertime,快開晚飯了。
??almost可與no,none,never以及nothing等不定代詞連用,而nearly則不可;nearly常用在含有not的否定句中,而almost則不可與not單獨連用。
????e.g. There’s almost no water left in the bottle. 瓶子里水快沒了。
????It is not nearly so pretty as it was before. 這兒遠不及以前漂亮了。
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5. count ?數(shù)數(shù);計數(shù)
????e.g. Can the baby count from l to 100?這個小寶寶會從1數(shù)到100嗎?
【知識擴展】 countable adj. 可數(shù)的;可計算的 countless adj. 無數(shù)的,數(shù)不盡的
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6. invent v. 發(fā)明,創(chuàng)造
????e.g. Who invented the plane? 誰發(fā)明了飛機?
????Thomas Edison invented the electric light. 托馬斯·愛迪生發(fā)明了電燈。
【知識擴展】 ?inventor n. 發(fā)明者;發(fā)明家 ?invention n.發(fā)明,發(fā)明物
????His 6,000 inventions included the electric light bulb, the phonograph, and the mimeograph machine.
????他的六千項發(fā)明中,包括電燈泡、留聲機和油印機。
【指點迷津:discover, invent, develop】
(1) discover指“發(fā)現(xiàn)”,是客觀存在的事物經(jīng)努力后而找到的。
e.g. Columbus discovered the new land-North America.哥倫布發(fā)現(xiàn)了北美新大陸。
(2)invent指“發(fā)明”,是原本不存在的事物經(jīng)科學創(chuàng)造后誕生。
e.g. Edison invented the first light bulb.愛迪生發(fā)明了第一只燈泡。
(3) develop指“開發(fā),發(fā)展”,是指在原有基礎上進一步提高、改進。
e.g. The Indians first invented the number“0”,and developed the l to 9 number system.
????印度人最早發(fā)明了0這個數(shù)字,從而發(fā)展了1至9這個數(shù)字系統(tǒng)。
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7. calculate 計算
????e.g. Can you calculate how much a holiday will cost? 你能否計算一下度個假要花多少錢?
【知識拓展】calculator n. ?電子計算器 ?
e.g. A calculator is a calculating machine which helps people to calculate faster and more accurately.
????計算器是一種幫助人們用來更加快速、準確計算的機器。
【知識拓展】calculating adj. 計算的;與計算有關的;精明的
????calculating machine計算機 ?calculating scale/ruler計算尺 ?a calculating businessman精明的商人
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8. accurate 正確無誤的;準確的,精確的
??e.g. The witness gave an accurate description of the thief. 那個目擊者準確描述了小偷的外貌。
【指點迷津 accurate, correct, exact】
??這三個詞均含“正確”的意思。
(1)accurate表示“準確的,精確的”,指“通過努力,使事情達到正確”。 ???
e.g. He gave an accurate account of the accident. 他對事故做了準確的描述。
??(2) correct為一般用語,指“正確的”。
??e.g. He gave correct answers to the questions. 他為這些問題給出了正確的答案。
??(3) exact表示“確切的,精確無誤的”,指“與事實完全相符”。
??e.g. His answer is quite exact. 他的回答完全正確。
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9. ?electronic 電子的
??e.g. electronic typewriter電子打字機 ?electronic watch電子表 ?electronic music電子音樂
????Don't use an electronic dictionary in your English study. 在你的英語學習中不要使用電子詞典。
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10. add 加
????e.g. If you add 4 to 5, you get 9. 四加五得九。
???????Add up these figures, please. 請把這些數(shù)字加起來。
【友情提示】在進行加法的描述時,我們常常說4 plus 3 equals/is 7,但千萬不可用add去代替plus, add是個動詞,而plus是個介詞。
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11. subtract 減
????e.g. If you subtract 3 from 8, you get 5. 八減去三就得五。
【友情提示】我們同樣也不能用subtract去代替minus。上面這句話我們換種方式說就是8 minus3 equals/is 5.
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12. multiply 乘
????e.g. 6 multiplied by 5 is 30. 6乘5等于30。
????????If you multiply 6 by 5, you get 30. 你用5去乘6,得到30。
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13. divide除;除盡
????e.g. ?30 divided by 6 is 5. 30除以6等于5。
?????????If you divide 30 by 6, you get 5. 如果你把30除以6,就得到5。
?????????Three will not divide into eleven. 3除不盡11。
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14. percentage 百分數(shù);百分率;百分比
????e.g. 40% is a percentage. 40%是個百分數(shù)。
【知識拓展】percent (或 per cent) n. 百分比,百分數(shù):thirty percent 百分之三十
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15. powerful ?強大的;強有力的; 有力量的
????e.g. The car has a very powerful engine. 這輛車有強勁的引擎。
????????The president is very powerful. 總統(tǒng)享有很大的權力。
【知識拓展】 power n. 能力,力量,權力
????e.g. Don’t forget to turn off the power when you go out. 出去時別忘了關電源。
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16.whole 完全的;完整的;全部的
????e.g. He ate the whole cake. 他一個人吃了整個蛋糕。
????????We are going to Spain for a whole month. 我們要去西班牙一整個月。
【指點迷津 whole 與all】
????whole意為“全部的,整個的”,強調(diào)沒有任何一個部分可以被忽視或被拆去;在句子或短語中,可用在可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前,用在冠詞、所有格、指示代詞之后。all意為“全部的,所有的”,可以修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞; ?在句子或短語中,用在冠詞、所有格、指示代詞之前。
????e.g. all the night, the whole night整夜
????????All the students are here. 所有學生都未了。
????????The whole class are here. 全班同學都到齊了。
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17. against 對著,對立;不喜歡,反對,防止,預防;靠著,倚著
????e.g. They played a football match against a team from another country. 他們跟另一個國家的足球隊比賽。
????????Many people are against the plan.很多人都反對這個計劃。
????????Have you had an injection against the disease? 你注射過針對這種疾病的預防針了嗎?
????????Put the cupboard against the wall. 把這個櫥柜放在靠墻的地方。
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18. living 活著的
????e.g. Some people say he is the greatest living writer. 有人說他是健在的最偉大作家。
【指點迷津 alive, live和living】 ???
(1)通常情況下,alive作表語(be alive),而living 一般放在名詞前作定語用。
????e.g. That great man is still alive. 那個偉人依然活著。
????all living things 一切生物
????Latin is not a living language。拉丁語不是現(xiàn)代語言。
(2)live也是“有生命的,活著的”之意,但往往指動物。
????e.g. a live fish 一條活魚
????此外live還有“現(xiàn)場直播”的意思。
????e.g. a live show現(xiàn)場直播的節(jié)目。
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19. amazing ?令人驚奇的
????e.g. What an amazing embroidery!多么了不起的一幅刺繡作品!
It's amazing that you can't ride a bike.你不會騎車可真令人驚訝。
【知識拓展】 amaze v. 使吃驚 ????amazed adj. 吃驚的,驚奇的
?????e.g. Jack amazed everyone by passing the English exam.
?????杰克通過英語考試使我們每個人感到驚訝。
????We were amazed by his change in his study. 我們?yōu)樗趯W習中的變化而感到吃驚。 ???
【友情提示】 ??amaze的形容詞有兩個,一個是amazed,一個是amazing,但用法不同,通常人做主語時用
amazed,物作主語時用amazing。
????e.g. It is an amazing game. 這真是一場令人驚奇的比賽。
????I am amazed by his words. 我對他的話感到吃驚。
【例題】 ?用amazed, amazing填空
????(1)1 think it is an___________ animal.
????(2)1 am_________ how big the school is.
【解析】 ?(l)it作主語,形容詞用amazing。 ?(2)I作主語,形容詞用amazed.
【答案】 ?(1) amazing ?(2)amazed
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20. ?instruction說明,指示,指令
????e.g. ?Read the instructions on the box before you make the cake.
制作蛋糕之前請閱讀一下盒子上的說明。
【例題】 ?-I don't know how to use this digital camera.
??????????-It doesn't matter. Here is the——,
????A. instruction ???B. ?direction ???. ???C, ?information ???D. advertisement
【解析】 ?句意:——我不知道怎么使用這個數(shù)碼相機。——沒關系,這兒有說明。instruction“說明”,direction“方向”,information“信息”,advertisement“廣告”,根據(jù)句意應選A.
【答案】 ?A
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(此部分測試時間為20分鐘左右,講評時間為15分鐘左右。對本次所學內(nèi)容進行檢測)
I. 用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當形式填空。
1. It’s an important meeting. __________ (not, be )late.
2. ____________ (not,make) any noise! Your mother is sleeping.
3. ____________ (not, speak) with your mouth full of food and ____________ (be) polite.
4. ____________ ( not, talk) and ____________ (read) aloud.
5. ____________ (not,leave) your homework for tomorrow, Larry.
6. ____________ (look) out! A car is coming.
7. ____________ (give) us ten years and just see what our country will be like.
8. ____________ (not, let) the baby cry.
9. Wear more clothes or you ____________ (catch) a cold.
10. Let’s ____________ (not, say) anything about it.
II. 選擇填空
?( ???) 1 .Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”
???????A. Stop ??????????B. Don’t ??????????C. Can’t ?????????D. No
?( ???) 2.Cindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
???????A. is sure ????????B. is sure that ??????C. will be sure ?????D. be sure
?( ???) 3.________ when you cross the road.
???????A. Do care ???????B. Care ???????????C. Do be careful ???D .To be careful
?( ???) 4. ________him the secret, will you?
???????A. Don’t tell ??????B. Not to tell ??????C. Not telling ??????D .No telling
?( ???) 5. ________ in bed. It’s bad for your eyes.
???????A. Not to read ?????B. Don’t read ?????C. Don’t to read ?????D. Not read
?( ???) 6. ________ Your child. We’ll look after him.
????????A. Not to worry about ???????????????B. Don’t worry about
C. Not worry for ???????????????????D. Don’t worry with
?( ???)7.They are very tired. Why ________ have a rest?
???????A. not they ????????B. do not they ????C. don’t they ???????D. not to
?( ???)8 --You look rather tired. ________ stopping to have a rest?
????????-- All right.
???????A. Why not ???????B. How about ?????C. Why not to ??????D. why don’t
?( ???) 9 ______ tell a lie.
???????A .Hardly ?????????B. Not ???????????C. No ????????????D. Never
10.Please ________ look outside. Look at the blackboard.
???????A. not ???????????B. don’t ???????????C. aren’t ?????????D .can’t
?( ???)11. Why don’t you?join us in the game?
???????A. What not ??????B. Why not ????????C. Why to ????????D. How to
?( ???) 12 ______ go for the book alone, Ms. Zhang.
???????A. Let’s ?????????B. Let me ??????????C. Let us ?????????D .Allow
?( ???)13 John, read the text for us,________?
???????A. does he ???????B. will he ??????????C. do you ????????D. will you
?( ???)14. Let’s do it at once, ________ ?
???????A .shall we ??????B. will you ?????????C. do we ?????????D. do you
?( ???)15. Let us do it at once, ________ ?
???????A. shall we ??????B. will you ?????????C. do we ?????????D. do you
KEYS:
1. Don’t ?2. Don’t make ?3. Don’t speak…be ?4. Don’t talk …read ?5. Don’t leave ?6. look 7. give ?8. don’t let
9. will catch ?10. not say
1-5 BDC AB ?6-10 BCBDB ?11-15 ACDAB
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I.祈使句
I.祈使句(Imperative Sentence)
1. 定義:用于表達命令、請求、勸告、警告、禁止等的句子叫做祈使句,祈使句最常用于表達命令,因此在學校文法中也常稱為命令句。
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2.祈使句因?qū)ο螅粗髡Z)是第二人稱,所以通常都省略。祈使句的動詞都為一般現(xiàn)在時。
例:Go and wash your hands. (去洗你的手。——命令)
?? Be quiet, please.(Please be quiet.) (請安靜。——請求)
???Be kind to our sister. (對姊妹要和善。——勸告)
??? Watch your steps. (走路小心。——警告)
???Look out!Danger! (小心!危險!——強烈警告,已如感嘆句)
???Keep off the grass. (勿踐草坪。——禁止)
???No parking. (禁止停車。——禁止)
3.祈使句也常把主語“You”表達出來,使對方聽起來覺得柔和些,
例: You go and tell him, Chris. (克立斯去告訴他。)
II.相關口令
祈使句無主語, 主語you常省去;
動詞原形謂語當, 句首加don't否定變;
朗讀應當用降調(diào), 句末常標感嘆號。
III.表現(xiàn)形式
●肯定結構:
1. Do型(即:動詞原形(+賓語)+其它成分)。如:Please have a seat here. 請這邊坐。
?有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下,動詞可省略。如:This way, please. = Go this way, please. 請這邊走。
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2. Be型(即:Be + 表語(名詞或形容詞)+其它成分)。如:Be a good boy! 要做一個好孩子!
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3. Let型(即:Let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分)。如:Let me help you. 讓我來幫你。
●否定結構:
1. Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't構成。如:Don't forget me! 不要忘記我!
?Don't be late for school! 上學不要遲到!
2. Let型的否定式有兩種:“Don't + let + 賓語 + 動詞原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 賓語 + not + 動詞原形 + 其它成分”。
如:Don't let him go. / Let him not go. 別讓他走。
3. 有些可用no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。如:No smoking! 禁止吸煙!No fishing! 禁止釣魚!
練習:
將下列漢語翻譯成英語。
1. 請照看好您的包。 ___________________.
2. 讓我們?nèi)W校吧! ___________________!
3. 親愛的,高興點兒! ___________________!
4. 不要把書放這兒。 ___________________.
5. 不要讓貓進來。 ___________________.
Keys:
1. Please look after your bag.
2. Let's go to school.
3. Be glad, dear 4. Don't put the book here .
5. Don't let the cat come in / Let the cat not come in .
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IV.祈使句句型轉(zhuǎn)換
祈使句與陳述句的改寫
1.祈使句=You must …(陳述句)
??Come here . =You must come here .
??Don''t do that again.
2.Please +祈使句=Will you (please) ~?(陳述句)
Please help me . =Will you (please) help me?
Come here on time ,please .=Will you (please) come here on time ?
3.祈使句有時相當一個“if”引導的條件狀語從句。
祈使句:Use your head and you''ll find a way.
條件句:If you use your head,you''ll find a way.
練習:
I.將以下祈使句改為否定式:
1. Come here early. ????????????????????????????????
2. Ask him. ?????????????????????????????????
3. Please wait for her. ????????????????????????????
4. Read the book carefully. ??????????????????????????
5. Sit under the tree, please. ??????????????????????
6. Let’s go there together. ????????????????????????????
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II.選擇最佳答案填空:
1. If you are tired, ______ a rest.
A. have ??????B. having ????C. to have ?????D. had
2. ______ me go. It is very important for me.
A. Do let ?????B. let do ?????C. Doing let ????D. To do let
3. He is not honest. ______ believe him.
A. Not ???????B. Don’t ?????C. To not ??????D. Not to
4. If you want to stay, let me know, ______?
A. will you ????B. shall we ???C. do you ?????D. do we
5. Never come late again, ______?
A. will you ????B. won’t ?????C. do you ?????D. does he
6. _____ up early tomorrow, or you can’t catch the train.
A. Getting ?????B. Get ??????C. To get ??????D. Got
7. _____ in the street. It’s dangerous.
A. Not play ????B. Not to play ?C. Don’t play ?D. Don’t to play
8. Please ______ me some money, will you?
A. lend ????????B. lending ???C. to lend ????D. be lend
9. The film is about to begin. Please ______ seated.
A. be ?????????B. are ????????C. is ???????D. being
10. _____ the boxes. You may use them later.
A. Keep ??????B. Keeping ????C. To keep ??D. Kept
keys: 1-5 A A B A A ?6-10 B A A A
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