M3
動詞不定式和動名詞的句法功能比較
一、作主語
????⒈不定式作主語
????動詞不定式作主語時，句子的謂語動詞常用單數(shù)，其位置有以下兩種：
????(1)把不定式置于句首。如：
????To get there by bike will take us half an hour.
????(2)用it作形式主語，把真正的主語不定式置于句后，常用于下列句式中。如：
????①It＋be＋名詞＋to do
????It's our duty to take good care of the old.
????②It takes sb+some time+to do
????How long did it take you to finish the work?
????③It＋be＋形容詞＋for sb＋to do
????It is difficult for us to finish writing the compositionin a quarter of an hour.
????④It＋be＋形容詞＋of sb＋to do
????It is stupid of you to write down everything the teachersays.
????⑤It seems(appears)＋形容詞＋to do
????It seemed impossible to save money.
????在句型③中，常用表示客觀情況的形容詞，如：difficult,easy,hard,important,impossible,necessary 等；在句型④中，常用careless,clever,good,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise等 表示贊揚或批評的詞。在不定式前的sb，可看作其邏輯主語。這一句式有時相當于Sb is＋形容詞＋to do句式 ，如：It'skind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to helpme with my English.
????⒉動名詞作主語
????Learning without practice is no good.
????動名詞作主語時，也常用It句式。如：
????①It's +no good(no use,fun,a pleasure,a waste of time)+doing…
????It's no good reading in dim light.
????It's no use sitting here waiting.
????②It's＋形容詞＋doing
????It's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.
????這樣用的形容詞有expensive,nice,tiring等，但important,necessary則不適用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)，應用不定式 代替，如：It'simportant for you to keep fit.
????③There is no+doing
????There is no saying what will happen next.
????在這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，動名詞后常帶賓語，相當于"It's impossible to…"結(jié)構(gòu)。
????⒊動詞不定式和動名詞作主語的區(qū)別
????①不定式作主語經(jīng)常表示具體動作，常與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起；而動名詞作主語經(jīng)常表示抽象動 作，經(jīng)常不與特定的動作執(zhí)行者聯(lián)系在一起。如：
????It's no good eating too much fat.
????It's no good for you to eat so much fat.
????②動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語，可以用名詞或代詞屬格形式作邏輯主語。如：
????It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.
????
?
二、作賓語
????⒈不定式作賓語
????①以下動詞后，只能跟不定式作賓語。如：agree,ask,aim,arrange,choose,decide,demand,expect,fail ,help,hope,lean,long,
manage,offer,plan,prepare,pretend,promise,refuse,wish等，這些詞大部分可接th at引導的從句。如：
????I decided to ask for my money back.
????I decided that I would ask for my money back.
????When our visit to the farm was over,we expected to startback on foot.
????When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that wewould start back on foot.
????②當復合賓語中的賓語是不定式時，先用形式賓語it代替不定式，把不定式置于補語之后，即：主語＋動 詞＋it＋補語＋to do句式。如：
????We think it quite important for us to learn a foreignlanguage well.
????He feels it his duty to help the poor.
????③介詞but,except,besides+to do(do)
????在這種句型中，如介詞前有動詞do，后面應接不帶to的不定式；如無do，則接to不定式，即帶do不帶to， 帶to不帶do。如：
????The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.
????On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
????⒉動名詞作賓語
????①以下動詞后，只能接動名詞作賓語，如：admit,appreciate,consider,delay,enjoy,finish,keep,imag ine,mind,miss,practise,resist,risk,save,suggest,don't mind,give up,insist,on, put off等。如：
????I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.
????You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm toyour health.
????②動名詞作介詞的賓語
????I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.
????What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech?
????動名詞前的介詞有時可以省略，如：have difficulty(in)doing,have no trouble(in)doing,lose no ti me(in)doing,prevent/stop…(from)doing,there is no use(in)doing等。
????⒊部分動詞后面，既可接動詞不定式，也可接動名詞作賓語，意義不變。如：begin,continue,start,hat e,like,love,need,require,want等。
????在need,require,want后接-ing形式，表示被動意義，也可接不定式，但要用被動形式，如：Your handwr iting needs improving(tobe improved). hate,love,like接不定式表示特定的未來事件，接動名詞表示目前 正在進行的活動或一般的行為。
????在下列情況下，一般要用不定式：
????①hate,like,love前有would(should)時，如：I'd like to have a cup of coffee.
????②當謂語動詞begin,continue,start等是進行式時，如：Thestudents are starting to work on the di fficult maths problem.
????③begin,continue,start與know,understand等狀態(tài)動詞連用時，如：I soon began to understand what
????was happening.
????⒋advise,allow,encourage,forbid,permit等動詞后接動名詞作賓語，或帶不定式作賓語補足語。如：
????Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.
????Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.
????⒌部分動詞后接不定式或動名詞時，意義差別較大，應根據(jù)句子語境選擇使用。
????①forget,remember,regret后接不定式，表示現(xiàn)在或未來的動作，接動名詞表示動作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。如：
????Don't forget fo post the letter for me.
????Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing Airport?
????Remember to close the windows before you leave.
????I remember writing him a letter a year ago.
????We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited toattend the meeting.
????They regretted ordering these books from abroad.
????②mean to do 打算做某事
????doing 意味著……
????I meant to catch up with the early bus.
????This means wasting a lot of money.
????③try to do 設法盡力做某事
????doing 試著做某事
????You should try to overcome your shortcomings.
????Try working out the physics problem in another way.
????④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事（不定式作目的狀語）
????doing 停止做某事
????On the way to the airport,I stopped to buy a paper.
????You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.
????⑤can't help doing 禁不住……
????to do不能幫助干……
????They couldn't help jumping up at the news.
????Sorry I have lots of work to do.So I can't help to make up the room for you.
????⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同內(nèi)容的事
????doing 繼續(xù)不停地做某事，指同一動作的繼續(xù)
????He went on to talk about world situation.他接著又談了世界形勢。
????We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression inthe world.
????⑦leave off to do 離開某地去干什么（目的狀語）
????doing停下某事
????It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.
????They left off to go fishing.
三、做表語
????不定式作表語表示具體動作或?qū)韯幼?；動名詞作表語表示抽象的一般行為。
????①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.
????②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties ofthe matter.
????③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.
????當主語和表語都是不定式時，其含義一是條件，一是結(jié)果（例①）。當主語是aim,duty,hope,idea,mista ke,plan,purpose,suggestion等為中心詞的名詞詞組（例②）時，或以what引導的名詞性分句（例③），不定 式說明主語的內(nèi)容。
????④Our work is serving the people.
????⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.
????⑥The story told by Mr.Wang is interesting.
????④⑤句動名詞作表語，與主語部分可以轉(zhuǎn)換，如Serving thepeople is out work,而⑥句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作 表語，說明主語的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)，現(xiàn)在分詞具有形容詞的各種特征，另外，動名詞作表語還應與進行時態(tài)區(qū)別開 來。
四、作定語
????⒈不定式作定語
????不定式在句中作定語，置于被修飾的名詞或代詞之后。如：
????①The next train to arrive is from Washington.
????②Have you anything to be taken to your sister?
????③Do you have anything to say on the question?
????④Would you please give me some paper to write on?
????⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.
????不定式短語作定語和被修飾詞之間表示以下關系：
????(1)表示將來的動作（例①）。
????(2)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，如是不及物動詞，則需加介詞（例④）。
????(3)與被修飾詞之間有動賓關系，同時與句中其它詞之間又有邏輯上的主謂關系時，盡管有被動含義，卻仍 用主動語態(tài)（例③）；如只有動賓關系，而無邏輯上的主謂關系，則需用被動語態(tài)（例②）。
????(4)不定式作定語時，一般可轉(zhuǎn)換為定語從句，例①to arrive=that will arrive。
????⒉動名詞作定語
????①This passage can be used as listening materials.
????②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.
????③All moving bodies have energy.
????①②句動名詞作定語說明一種性能，即：用來……的；第③句為現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，單個分詞作定語常置于 被修飾詞之前，與被修飾詞之間，可構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關系，分詞短語作定語常置于被修飾詞之后。如：The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.
五、不定式作補足語
????⒈作賓語補足語
????一些及物動詞除要求按賓語外，有時還需要有賓語補足語，說明賓語的行為、狀態(tài)、特征，這時意思才相 對完整。
????(1)常要求不定式作賓補的動詞有：allow,ask,advise,beg,cause,drive（強迫），encourage,expect,fo rbid,force,get,would like(love,hate),order,permit,persuade,teach,tell,want,warn,wish等。如：
????①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary?
????②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.
????(2)部分動詞后常接to be＋形容詞、名詞短語等形式，有時to be可省略，如：believe,consider,discov er,find(=consider),feel(=think),imagine,judge,know,prove,think,suppose,see(=understand),understa nd等。
????①We all believe John(to be)honest.
????②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.
????但當不定式是完成式時，to不能省略，如：We consider him tohave been foolish.
????(3)感覺動詞和使役動詞后用作賓補的不定式須省略to。
????①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.
????②They make the students do too much homework every day.
????這種句式在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，to不能省略，如第②句：Thestudents are made to do too much homework
????every day.
????(4)help,know后面的"to"可有可無。如：
????Would you please help me(to) fill in the taxform?
????I've never known her(to)be late before.但：He was known to have been to France before.
????(5)部分短語動詞后，常接不定式作賓補，如：
????You may depend on them to be there early.
????The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.
????常這樣用的短語動詞有：ask for,care for,call on,count on,depend on,wait for,long for（渴望）， prepare for,wish for等。
????⒉作主語補足語
????不定式作主語補足語，和主語構(gòu)成一種邏輯上的主謂關系。如：
????①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.
????②The young university student is considered to have great promise. ????
六、不定式作狀語
????⒈作目的狀語
????(1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen.
????②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.
????(2)有時為了強調(diào)，不定式前可加in order或so as。如：
????Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not toforget it.
????有時為強調(diào)目的狀語可把in order to或不定式置于句首，但so as to不能這樣用。在這種句式中不定式部 分可轉(zhuǎn)換為so that,in order that,成為目的狀語從句，如：
????I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see whatwould happen.
????(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容詞、過去分詞或動詞之后可接不定式，如：astonished,glad,happy,laugh ,pleased, sad,smile,sorry,surprised等。
????①We are glad to hear the news.
????②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.
????在部分形容詞后接不定式，用主動形式表示被動意義，這種句型中的主語是不定式的邏輯賓語。如：The question raised by thestudent is difficult to answer.
????The room is really comfortable to live in.
????常這樣用的形容詞有：comfortable,easy,dangerous,difficult,expensive,fit,impossible等。
????⒉作結(jié)果狀語
????We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.
????不定式作結(jié)果狀語還常用在下列句式中。如：
????①so…as to;such…as to
????I'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到會把它寫下來。
????I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.
????②enough…to
????The speed is high enough for us to catch up with thefirst liner.
????③only to
????Jane hurried back only to find her mother dying inthehospital.
????④too…to
????I'm too tired to stay up longer.
????但在下列結(jié)構(gòu)中，too…to并非是“太……而不能……”之意。如：
????①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考試及格我太高興了。（too修飾glad to have…，相當 于very）
????②We have too much to learn.我們要學的太多了（不定式作定語）。
????⒊不定式短語還可作獨立成分，用于句首、句中或句末。如：
????To tell the truth,the play was a great disappointment tome.
????常見的短語有to be exact（確切地說），to begin with（首先），to do him justice（說句對他公道的 話），to be sure（真的）等等。 ????
七、動詞不定式、動名詞的其它用法
????⒈疑問詞＋不定式結(jié)構(gòu)
????疑問詞who,what,which,when,where,whether,how后可接不定式構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句中作主語、賓語、表 語等。如：
????①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.
????②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.
????③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.
????④The question was where to get the medicine needed.
????以上例句中疑問詞＋不定式部分，均可轉(zhuǎn)換為相應的從句形式。如：①When we shall leave…③…h(huán)ow I
????could learn…
????經(jīng)常在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中使用的動詞有：consider,decide,discover,explain,find out,forget,hear,know,lea rn,observe,understand,wonder等。
????⒉動詞不定式的時態(tài)、語態(tài)
????(1)時態(tài)
????①一般式：動詞不定式一般式表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之后，有時表示同時發(fā)生。如：
????I hope to become a university student this year.（tobecome發(fā)生在hope之后）
????We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.（play和hear同時發(fā)生）
????②完成式：表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞所表示的動作之前。如：
????I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.
????We are too young to have seen the old society.
????③進行式：表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生。如：
????The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when Icame in.
????They seemed to be discussing something important.
????(2)語態(tài)
????如果動詞不定式的邏輯主語是這個不定式所表示的動作的承受者，不定式一般要用被動語態(tài)形式。如：
????It's a great honour to be invited to Mary's birthday party.（不定式作主語）
????It was impossible for lost time to be made up.（不定式作主語）
????I wish to be sent to work in the country.（不定式作賓語）
????Can you tell me which is the car to be repaired?（不定式作定語）
????He went to the hospital to be examined.（不定式作狀語）
????在There be結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的不定式可用被動，也可用主動。如：There are still many things to t ake care of (to be taken care of).但有時兩種形式表達的意思不同，如：These is nothing to do now.( We have nothing to do now.) There is nothing to be done now.(We can do nothing now.)
????⒊動名詞的時態(tài)、語態(tài)
????(1)時態(tài)
????①一般式：動名詞的一般式所表示的動作可以是泛指，也可與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，或發(fā)生在謂語動作之前 、之后。如：
????We are interested in collecting stamps.
????I shall never forget seeing the Great Wall for the firsttime.
????We are not afraid of dying.
????②完成式所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。如：
????Lmagine having travelled on the moon.
????We were praised for having finished the work ahead of time.
????(2)被動語態(tài)
????①如果動名詞的邏輯主語為動名詞所表示的動作的承受者，動名詞要用被動語態(tài)，動名詞的被動語態(tài)有一 般式與完成式之分。如：
????The young man came in without being noticed.
????He prided himself on having never been beaten in class.
????②有些動詞后的動名詞用主動形式，但表示被動意義。如：
????The bike needs repairing.
????If a thing is worth doing, it is worth doing well.
????⒋在口語中，為避免重復，常用"to"代替不定式結(jié)構(gòu)，有時甚至可以把to省略。如：
????①—Did you go to visit the Great Wall?
????—No,I wanted to,but there wasn't enough time.
????②—Would you like to come to a party?
????—I'd love to.
????③—Don't make any mistakes in your homework,will you?
????—I'll try not to.
????④—Try to be back by 12,won't you?
????—OK,I'll try.
????另外，be going to,ought to,used to等也常用于這一結(jié)構(gòu)中。
????⒌在why引起的問句中，省略"to"。如：
????Why spend such a lot of money?
????Why not wait for a couple of days?
????⒍當兩個或更多作用相同的不定式并列使用時，只在第一個不定式前加"to"。如：
????It's quite necessary for us to read more and have morepractice.
????⒎"to"在下列短語中是“介詞”，后接動名詞或名詞形式。如：
devote…to,face up to（勇敢地面對），look forward to（盼望），object to（反對），take to（養(yǎng) 成習慣，對……感興趣；開始從事某種活動），be used to（習慣于）等。
形容詞的用法
I.限定用法（定語）
a.形容詞(一個字)+名詞
1. The old man lived in a small village.
2. His elder brother is a famous musician.
b.名詞+形容詞(~thing, ~body, ~one等,兩個字或以上的形容詞片語和子句)
1. I want to drink something cold.
2. Is there anything interesting in today’s paper?
3. I don’t like riding on trains full of people. ?ride on train搭乘火車
4. He tried to climb a fence two meters high.
5. He is a boy (who is) five years old. ??He is a five-year-old boy.
2. 敘述用法（表語）
a. 主詞補語
1. Sea water tastes salty. ?2. The rainbow is very beautiful.
b. 受詞補語
1. You’ll find the book difficult. ??
2. I left the windows open. 使開著(adj.) I let the windows be opened. 使被打開(v.)
重點
a. 只能用限定用法的形容詞(定語形容詞)
only ??mere 只~ ??main ??wooden ?upper上面的 inner 里面的 ?Live/living ?daily
lone 孤單的,古語
1. This is a wooden house.
2. He is a mere child. 他不過是孩子
b. 只能用敘述用法(表語形容詞)
alive ??alone ??afraid ??asleep ??awake ?well ?content ?glad ?aware ?
1. I’m afraid of dog. ???2. The baby is still asleep. ???3. Are you aware of your mistakes?
限定用法和敘述用法意思不同的形容詞
1. I met a certain lady. 某一個 ??It is quite certain. 確定
2. He is my present assistant. 目前 ???He is present today. 出席 absent缺席
3. The late Mr. Smith was an able man. 已故 ??He was late for the meeting. 遲到
4. She gave me a fond look. 溫柔的 ??I am very fond of ice cream. 喜歡
3. 形容詞的位置：
1) 形容詞作定語通常前置，但在下列情況后置：
|
1
|
修飾some, any, every, no和body, thing, one等構(gòu)成的復合不定代詞時
|
nobody absent, everything possible
|
|
2
|
以-able, -ible結(jié)尾的形容詞可置于有最高級或only修飾的名詞之后
|
the best book available, the only solution possible
|
|
3
|
alive, alike, awake, aware, asleep等可以后置
|
the only person awake
|
|
4
|
和空間、時間、單位連用時
|
a bridge 50 meters long
|
|
5
|
成對的形容詞可以后置
|
a huge room simple and beautiful
|
|
6
|
形容詞短語一般后置
|
a man difficult to get on with
|
2) 多個形容詞修飾同一個名詞的順序：
|
代詞
|
數(shù)詞
|
性狀形容詞
|
|
冠詞前的形容詞
|
冠詞
指示代詞
不定代詞
代詞所有格
|
序數(shù)詞
|
基數(shù)詞
|
性質(zhì)
狀態(tài)
|
大小
長短
形狀
|
新舊
溫度
|
顏色
|
國籍
產(chǎn)地
|
材料
質(zhì)地
|
名詞
|
|
all
both
such
|
the
a
this
another
your
|
second
next
|
one
four
|
beautiful
good
poor
|
large
short
square
|
new
cool
|
black
yellow
|
Chinese
London
|
silk
stone
|
3) 復合形容詞的構(gòu)成：
|
1
|
形容詞+名詞+ed
|
kind-hearted
|
6
|
名詞+形容詞
|
world-famous
|
|
2
|
形容詞+形容詞
|
dark-blue
|
7
|
名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
|
peace-loving
|
|
3
|
形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
|
ordinary-looking
|
8
|
名詞+過去分詞
|
snow-covered
|
|
4
|
副詞+現(xiàn)在分詞
|
hard-working
|
9
|
數(shù)詞+名詞+ed
|
three-egged
|
|
5
|
副詞+過去分詞
|
newly-built
|
10
|
數(shù)詞+名詞
|
twenty-year
|
復合形容詞有下列五類
1. 形容詞-連綴動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞a good-looking man
形容詞-及物動詞的過去分詞 a white-painted wall
2. 名詞-現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動) a peace-loving people
名詞-過去分詞 (被動)a hand-made cake
3. 副詞-現(xiàn)在分詞 (主動)a rapidly-moving tornado
副詞-過去分詞 (被動)a well-behaved boy
behave vt. [后接修飾詞語]使(自己)表現(xiàn)得，使(自己)舉止…
例句: he behaves himself well.
4. 名詞-名詞ed ??a baby-faced girl
形容詞-名詞ed ??a open-minded leader
5. 數(shù)詞-名詞ed ??a two-headed monster ?a three-legged table ?a second-hand car.
three-minute ??first-class 一流的 ??three-year- old ??ten-meter-long
4.特別注意的形容詞用法
a. 不能以人為主詞的形容詞
dangerous, difficult, hard, easy, useful, useless, tough, convenient, important, necessary, regrettable遺憾的, natural, possible
貌似這些形容詞都是人做某事才能體現(xiàn)
只能用It be 形容詞 for人 to V
1. It is necessary for you to see a doctor. ???2. Is it possible for you to attend the meeting?
b. 以人為主詞的形容詞都是與情緒有關的形容詞
angry, ashamed, delighted, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, proud, sorry, thankful
1.We were excited about the baseball game. ???The game was exciting for us.
c. The+形容詞
1.The rich are not always happy.2. We search for the true, the good, and the beautiful.
d. 形容詞的副詞用法
1. It is burning hot. 天氣熱的厲害 2. It is freezing cold. 3. They were dead asleep. 睡得很熟
5.數(shù)量形容詞
a. many/much
1.do you have many books in your study? 2.They’ve spent much money on adverting.
否定句中的not many/much 可譯成[不太多]
1.This garden doesn’t have many trees. ???2.My son hasn’t made much money.
口語中,可用a lot of, lots of, plenty of+可數(shù)/不可數(shù) 代替many/much
1. There were a lot of/lots of/plenty of people in the shop.
2. She ate a lot of/lots of/plenty of ice cream.
A large number of=large numbers of number中文有[數(shù)數(shù)]的意思,故后接可數(shù)名詞
A large amount of=large amount of amount指[量],故后接不可數(shù)名詞
b. a few/few
a few=some ??few=not many(幾乎沒有) 表否定,不可和not同時出現(xiàn)
1. There are a few vegetables in the refrigerator.
2. Few people were injured in the accident. ?幾乎沒有
c. a little/little
a little=some ???little=not much幾乎沒有
1. I have a little money with me.
2. We need little butter to make this cake.
3. The little of his work that remains should be done within a today.
口語中,可用not many/hardly any代替few
可用not much/hardly any代替little
1. There were not many/hardly any people in the park.
2. There is not much/hardly any danger of an earthquake.
d. some/any
some的用法
1. 肯定句 ??Some students take lessons in Spanish. 語言前用in
2. 表示邀請的疑問句 ??Won’t you have some more tea?
any的用法
1. 用于疑問句和否定句
--Do you have any question?
--Yes, I have some questions.
--No, I don’t have any questions.
2. 用于表示[任何~(皆可)]之意的肯定句 ??You may come any time.
3. 用于條件句(if子句) ???Ask him if you have any doubt
. Choose the best answer(選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢?/span>) （共20分）
26. Which of the following words matches the sound [seif]
A. save B. safe C. seven D. suffer
27. Human beings still can’t reach Mars for________ time being.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
28. People who have luck never depend ________ luck.
A. in B. on C. with D. for
29. Tu Yoyo was awarded the Nobel Prize in her ________.
A. eighties B. eighty C. eightieth D. eightieths
30. The children enjoyed ________ in the foreign culture festival last night.
A. himself B. yourself C. ourselves D. themselves
31. The Chinese team won the Women’s Volleyball World Cup ________ September, 2015.
A. in B. at C. on D. by
32. ________ hiking in the Gobi Desert is not easy, the girl still decided to have a try.
A. If B. Although C. When D. As
33. --Look! The students________ their outdoor life lesson on the farm.
A. take B. takes C. are taking D. took
34. Snoopy is one of________ hunting dogs in the world.
A. more famous B. most famous C. the more famous D. the most famous
35. With her teacher’s encouragement, the girl works even ________.
A. hard B. harder C. hardly D. hardest
36. The light from iPads at night may make you ________ before going to bed.
A. excited B. exciting C. excitedly D. excitement
37. The restaurant needs ________ thirty chairs for the coming guests.
A. other B. the other C. others D. another
38. The tourists have no idea ________ to meet the tour guide at 7 o’clock tomorrow morning. A. what B. when C. which D. where
39. -- Must I finish the work today?
???--________. The manager is looking forward to it.
A. Yes, you must. B. Yes, you can. C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you needn’t.
40. Americans________ New York City ”The Big Apple” since 1971.
A. call B. called C. has called D. have called
41. The exchange students will________ ?for Sydney during their winter holiday.
A. keep off B. set off C. get off D. turn off
42. ________ wonderful it is to produce Chinese first large passenger aircraft!
A. What a B. What C. How D. How a
43. One of the basic ways of improving your memory is_______.
A. use the link method B. to use the link method
C. used the link method D. uses the link method
44. --You look so sad, William. What’s the matter with you?
???-- ________.
A. I’ve lost my wallet. B. I’m very happy.
C. I’ve won the first prize. D. I don’t agree with you.
45. --In my opinion, buying second-hand books can save students a lot of money. ??
--________.
A. That’s all right. B. I’m sorry to hear that.
C. I think so, too. D. It’s my pleasure.
二、選詞填空。
A. filled B. large C. anything D. through E. nothing
A rich man loved crocodiles so much. Once he bought a new house. There was a___46_____ swimming pool in the back. However, it was _____47___ with fierce crocodiles. One day the man had a party to show off the big house as well as his favorite pets.
As the man expected, no one dared o stand next to the pool. “I think a real hero should have courage,” shouted the man. “If anyone is brave enough to swim ___48_____the crocodiles and make it to the other side, I will give that person_____49___ he wants. I will give him my job, my money, my house, and my crocodiles!”
?
A. serious B. luckily C. pushed D. crazy E. words
Everyone laughed at the ___50_____ idea. They thought it was a joke, and then left the pool area. Suddenly, they heard a loud splash (撲通聲). Everyone turned around and saw a man swimming for his life. The crocodiles tried to reach him quickly, but he swam to the other end and escaped from them____51____.
“Wow, unbelievable. He made it!” cried the rich man. “I keep my____52____ . Tell me what you want and what I can do for you.”
The friend finally got his breath back. Then he looked up and said, “You can tell me who___53_____ me into the pool!”
三、用所給詞的適當形式填空。
54. The detective dealt with many________ with the help of his assistant. (case)
55. A good________ should always keep his eyes on road. (drive)
56. It is ________ of you to waste so much time in watching TV. (fool)
57. Please measure the ________ ?of the rope with the ruler. (long)
58. Peter’s father seemed ________ with his spelling mistakes. (happy)
59. The book________ tells us that travelling will make our life colorful. (main)
60. Young people can learn to take care of others by ________ pet. (raise)
61. Shall we________ some information from Internet to finish our report? (collection)
四、改寫句子。
62. Bruce wrote some letters to his pen friend last month. (改為否定句)
??Bruce ________ ________any letters to his pen friend last month.
63. I borrow some books from Shanghai Library twice a month. (對劃線部分提問)
??________ ________ do you borrow some books from Shanghai Library?
64. The teacher didn’t tell us whether we should go on with the discussion or not. (改為簡單句)
??The teacher didn’t tell us________ ________ go on with the discussion or not.
65. The captain will choose ten boys to work as volunteers. (改被動)
??Ten boys will________ ________to work as volunteers .
66. Sally could not understand the English film she saw last night. (改為反義疑問句)
Sally could not understand the English film she saw last night, ________ ________?
67. The cook was too busy to notice the overcooked soup. (保持句意不變)
??The cook was ________ busy________ he didn’t notice the overcooked soup.
68.the bills, very, added up, the waiter, accurately (連詞成句)
??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????。
?
Part3 Reading and Writing (第三部分 讀寫)
VI. Reading comprehension (閱讀理解) （共50分）
A.Choose the best answer（根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容，選擇最恰當?shù)拇鸢福?（12分）
“Mona Lisa” attracts art lovers around the world. Do you know Lenardo da Vinci also painted an “Earlier Mona Lisa” before? It will be exhibited in Shanghai next year. Joel Feldman, the general secretary of the Mona Lisa Foundation, accepted an interview about the painting and the organization recently.?
Q: How was the “Earlier Mona Lisa” discovered?
A: In 1913, Hugh Blaker, a manager of the Holburne Museum in England, found the “Earlier Mona Lisa” and brought it to his museum. A year later, the painting was sent to the?US for publisher, bought the painting and kept it in the Bank of Swizerland.
Since the Mona Lisa Foundation was established in 2008, we have done lots of necessary research on the “Earlier Mona Lisa” and many high technologies were used. In the end, 28 out of the 29 experts believe this is certainly the painting created by Lenardo da vinci.
Q: Do you remember the feeling when you first saw the “Mona Lisa” painting and this “Earlier Mona Lisa” painting?
A: I first saw the “Mona Lisa” in the Louvre as a young boy. Quite honestly I was disappointed as the painting looked quite small and dark. When I first saw the “Earlier Mona Lisa”, I was absolutely stunned. Believe me, there is really something amazing that occurs when you are in the presence of this painting.
Q: Why did you choose Shanghai for this exhibition?
A: First, Shanghai is one of world art centers. In addition, the mission of the foundation is to show the painting to the world. Therefore, we decided to begin its Asian tour and Shanghai obviously would be the first stop.
Q: Could you tell me more details about the security for the painting?
A: I can’t tell you a lot. What I can say is that we paid huge amounts of money for the insurance and the painting will be allowed to visit the painting a day. But visitors will be able to come quite close to the painting.
69. _______ was the first owner of the ?“Earlier Mona Lisa” in the passage.
A. The Mona Lisa Foundation ? ? ?B. The Holburne Museum
?C. The Boston Museum of Fine Art ?D. The Bank of Switzerland
70. What was the main purpose of the research?
A. To learn the history of Leonardo da Vinci.
B. To know the value of the ?“Earlier Mona Lisa”.
C. To find out who painted the “Earlier Mona Lisa”
D. To test different high technologies.
71. The underlined word “stunned” is the closest in meaning to “____”
A. surprised ? ?B frightened ? ?C bored ? D ?worried
72. Which city will the ?“Earlier Mona Lisa” most probably travel to after Shanghai?
A. Los Angeles ?B. London ? ?C. Paris ? ? ? D Beijing
73. The organization did many things to keep the painting safe, except_____.
A buying an expensive insurance for the painting.
B.using a high-tech case to show the painting
C.limiting the number of visitors to the exhibition
D.keeping visitors a long distance away from the painting
74. In which section of the newspaper can you most likely find this passage?
A. Science section ? B. Sports section ?C. Arts section ? D. Business section
B． Choose the best answer and complete the passage（選擇最恰當?shù)倪x項完成短文） (12分)
? Xiao Yuwei is a 15-year-old beijinger. As the only child in the family, she often feels lonely. She hopes to have a sister or brother as company. Now it is the time for Xiao to realize her dream. Last month, China ____75______ its long-lasted one-child policy. Every couple can have two children. But what would it?be like growing up with a sibling（兄弟姐妹）？
A sibling can stop children from having bad feelings such as loneliness and fear, according to Laura Padilla-Walker, a professor of family research from Brigham Young University, US. “Sibling can give kids something that parents can’t,” she says. You may not feel lonely because there is someone else to ________76__________. You can also talk about various things and share secrets with each other.
But there are downsides, too. You have to share things with your siblings, including the TV, toys, the bathroom and even _____77_____ from parents. There could be lots of competition, quarreling and hair-pulling. “Children with siblings need to learn to compromise（妥協(xié)） and control their feelings well, _____78______ it will have bad effects on the family relationship,” says Laura Padilla-Walker.
Even the birth order can make a difference. US psychologist Keven Leman says that the birth order decides how parents treat their children. ?It will then lead to different ___79_____ in children. Leman explains that parents are usually very nervous and strict with their first child. Firstborns are often responsible and eager to succeed. When the couple has a second child, they are more _______80___. Thus late-born kids are usually funny and creative.
75. ? A made ? ? ? ? ? ? B ended ? ? ? ? ?C started ? ? ? ? ? D took
76. ? A play with ? ? ? ? ?B look for ? ? ? ? C get tired of ? ? ? ?D pick up
77. ? A problem ? ? ? ? ? B attention ? ? ? ?C proof ? ? ? ? ? ? D excuse
78. A or ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? B and ? ? ? ? ? ?C so ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?D but
79. A methods ? ? ? ? ? ? B commands ? ? ? C personalities ? ? ? ?D meanings ?
80. A confuse ? ? ? ? ? ? ?B upset ? ? ? ? ? C hopeless ? ? ? ? ? D relaxed
C Fill in the blanks with proper words.（在短文的空格內(nèi)填入適當?shù)脑~，使其內(nèi)容通順。每空限填一詞，首字母已給出） （14分）
? ? ?Gold is a rare metal with a lovely colour. It is not affected by a___81____ or water. Because gold is so soft, it can be make into very thin flat pieces and very fine thread.?
Over 5,000 years ago, gold had some special meanings for the ancient Egyptians. They believed that all gold b_____82___ to their kings, the Pharaohs. In fact, luckily for us, they put many precious gold objects in the palaces with their Pharaohs when they died, and we can see a lot of them in museums today. The Egyptians had a lot of skill in working with gold; they could make it into sheets so thin that a pile of 35,700 pieces would be only 2.5 cm high. Sheets like this are called gold leaf. Gold leaf is still used today to d____83_____ furniture and other things.?
The gold used to make jewellery is usually mixed?with other metals. This not only makes the things c______84___, but also harder. People use the word "karats" to talk about how good the gold is. One carat means one twenty-fourth part of it is made of gold.?
Because it was not c____85____ and therefore had a high value, gold was used as money all over the world in the past. Today, we use pieces of paper i__86__, but many countries still keep bars of gold in the banks. They can change this gold into money by selling it to other countries. About two thirds of all the gold in the world is kept in this way.?
Gold is found in many parts of the world, usually deep u___87___ the ground. It can also be found in rivers. The sea contains gold too, but it would cost more money to get the gold out of the sea than the gold is worth.
D. Answer the questions (根據(jù)以下內(nèi)容回答問題) ?(12分)
A boy has been injured in a traffic accident. His leg is badly damaged. In the emergency Room of Shanghai No.6 People’s Hospital, the doctors work so hard to save the leg. The boy cries out in pain. There is blood on the bed and on the gloved hands of the doctors. The room is full of tension. In the end, the doctors manage to save the young boy’s leg. This is real life, real drama and ……real TV!
Since its first show last December, The story in ER(急診室故事) has become popular with audience and pointed to a new direction in reality TV. We have already got used reality shows such as The Voice of China(中國好聲音) and Dad, Where Are We Going.(爸爸去哪)These shows only want to amuse people. Audience may think them interesting and funny while watching. But The story in ER takes us deeper into the lives of others.
Reality TV had its begging in Europe in the early 1990s. Since then, hundreds of reality shows have appeared around the globe---- there are 176 on British television, alone! These shows are not real documentaries(紀錄片), but focus on personal dramas ?and difficulties controlled by the producers to catch more?people’s eyes.
The story in ER, however, is really real---real pain, real suffering, and real situations. No need for controlling here! Some audience may feel uncomfortable, but we can’t help watching, because it’s human nature to be attracted by the ups and downs of the lives of other human beings. Also, we learn things by watching others. The Story in ER gives us a chance to go behind the scenes and see how hospitals work and how hard the medical staff work. It allows us to imagine how we might react in similar stressful situations. It also lets us appreciate how lucky we are.
88. Do the doctors save the boy’s leg successfully in The Story in ER?
89.How do audience like Dad, where are we going according to the passage?
90.Where did reality shows start?
91Who makes reality shows more attractive according to the writer?
92Why does The Story in ER need no controlling?
-
?Is The Story in ER a good choice for a TV station? Give your reason.
答案：
26-30：BCBAD ??31-35：AACDB ???36-40：ADDAD ??41-45：BCBAC
46-49：BADC ??50-53：DBEC
-
cases 55.driver 56.foolish ?57.length 58.unhappy 59.mainly 60.raising 61.collect
-
don’t write ?63.How often ?64.whether to ?65.be chosen ?66.could she ?67.so```that``` 68.The writer added up the bills very accurately.
69-74:BCADDC ?75-80:BABACD
-
air ?82.belonged 83.decorate ?84.cheaper ?85.common 86.instead 87.under
-
Yes, they do.
-
Audience may think them interesting and funny while watching.
-
Reality TV had its beginning in Europe in the early 1990s.
-
The producers.
-
Because it is real and cannot be controlled.
Yes,it is.It’s human nature to be attracted by the ups and downs of the lives of other human beings.
獲得更多試題及答案，歡迎聯(lián)系微信公眾號：ygjjcom
