U8
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必會(huì)詞匯
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1. neither ??['naie?, 'ni:e?]????adv. 也不
?????【提示】 neither的用法小結(jié)如下：
??1) neither作為副詞表示“也不”，常用于倒裝句的開頭，緊跟在一個(gè)否定句后面。如：
????—— John can’t swim. ??約翰不會(huì)游泳。
????—— Neither can I. ??我也不會(huì)。
??2）neither用作形容詞，表示“（兩者）都不”，置于單數(shù)名詞之前。如：
?????Neither watch is made in China. ?這兩只手表都不是產(chǎn)自中國(guó)。
??3）neither用作代詞，表示“兩者都不；雙方均不”。如：
?????He answered neither of the letters. ?兩封信他都沒有回。
??4）neither用作連詞，常用短語為“neither...nor...，表示既不……也不……”。如;
?????Neither he nor I am well educated. ?我和他都沒有受過良好的教育。
?批注：1. 倒裝句中，so引導(dǎo)的倒裝句與neither引導(dǎo)的倒裝句區(qū)別和共同點(diǎn)是什么，讓學(xué)生總結(jié)，在稍后的語法中會(huì)具體講解。
???????2. 在提及neither…nor的搭配是，比較both, neither, none, all的區(qū)別以及搭配，可用表格形式讓學(xué)生自己列出，動(dòng)手填表格，加深印象。
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????都（肯定）搭配
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???都不（否定）搭配
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兩者
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Both ??(…and…)
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Neither ??(…nor…)
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三者或三者以上
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All of
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None of
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either用法： ?????1. Too的否定形式 ??e.g. He is a student, too.
???????????????????????????????????????He isn’t a student , either.
??????????????????2. either… or… ?兩者選一
????????????????????e.g. Language is a living thing. You will either use it or lose it
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2. cartoon ??[kɑ:'tu:n]????n. 動(dòng)畫片；卡通片
??【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】 cartoonist ???[kɑ:'tu:nist]???n. 漫畫家
This is one of the most vivid cartoons I have ever seen. ?這是我所見過的最生動(dòng)的漫畫之一。
批注：這個(gè)單詞很簡(jiǎn)單，可以根據(jù)拼音發(fā)音就可念出。注意提醒拼寫是別少了r,不少學(xué)生會(huì)拼寫成catoon.
??????類似的英語外來詞還有坦克-tank 、沙發(fā)- sofa、卡通-cartoon、撲克-poker、尼龍-nylon等。
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3. war ??[w?:]?????n. 戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)
??【近義詞】 battle ??['b?tl]???n. 戰(zhàn)斗
??【反義詞】 peace ??[pi:s]????n. 和平（之前學(xué)過，讓學(xué)生聯(lián)想）
??We have had two world wars?last century. ?上世紀(jì)我們已經(jīng)經(jīng)歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)。
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4. outing ??n. （集體）出外游玩；遠(yuǎn)足
??【記憶】 go on an outing ???外出游玩
??The students of Class 7B will go on an outing to the zoo. ?七年級(jí)二班的同學(xué)將要到動(dòng)物園去游玩。
??【知識(shí)鏈接】go camping 去露營(yíng) ??go boating 去劃船 ?go bowling 去打高爾夫
?批注：go outing形式為go+doing 表示去做某事，類似的還有go shopping, go cleaning.
????????Out 表示外面，那去外面不就是出去玩嗎？所以go outing解釋為遠(yuǎn)足。
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5. sheet ???[?i:t]????n. 一張（紙）
??She wrote her name and address on a sheet of paper. ??她把名字和地址寫在一張紙上。
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6.?bar ???[bɑ:]??n. 條；塊
???Here is a bar of soap. ???這兒有一塊肥皂。
批注：sheet和bar都是本節(jié)課學(xué)的量詞，可以給學(xué)生簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)習(xí)量詞的用法。在下面的語法點(diǎn)中會(huì)具體講解
本單元中出現(xiàn)了很多量詞，如：packet, glass, box, bottle, bar等。
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7. regularly ??['regj?l?li]???????adv. 有規(guī)律地；正常地
??【反義詞】 irregularly ???[i'regjul?li]????adv. 不規(guī)則地
??【詞性轉(zhuǎn)換】 regular ????['regjul?]????adj. 規(guī)則的；有規(guī)律的 ??
irregular ???[i'regjul?]??????adj. 不規(guī)則的；無規(guī)律的
??Take the medicine regularly three times a day. ??一天三次定期服藥。
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8. last ???[lɑ:st]??adj. 上一個(gè)的
??【提示】 last表示“上一個(gè)的”意思時(shí)，主要和名詞連用，使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下方面：
??1）last night（昨晚），last week（month）【上星期（月）】，last year（去年）last month指“上個(gè)月”，時(shí)態(tài)用過去式。如：
?????He came here last month. ??他上個(gè)月來過這里。
??2）表示“最近過去的；緊接前面的”。如：
?????He’s lived here for the last few years. ??近幾年他一直住在這兒。
批注：提醒學(xué)生在this,last,next,one+時(shí)間表達(dá)前不能用介詞。
??????We will go outing next week.???√
??????We wil go outing in next week. ×
練習(xí)：
II. Choose the right words to complete the sentences. (從括號(hào)里選擇正確的單詞，完成句子)
1. ?You should have your meals_______ (regular, regularly).
2. ?He used to_______ (smoke, smoking) in the bedroom.
3. ?We should take care of ourselves and keep_______ (health, healthy).
4. ?I have got a stomach ache. Maybe I had_______ (too many, too much) ice cream.
5. ?I like the film_______ (call, called) Spiderman.
?1. regularly ??2. smoke ??3. healthy ????4. too much ???5. called
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III. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. ( 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式，完成下列句子)
1. ?Shanghai has ??????????????????a lot in the past 30 years. (change)
2. ?You look much ?????????????????than before. (health)
3. ??Do not see that film. It’s???????????????????. (frighten)
4. ?Why don’t we go shopping instead of ?????????????????at home. ?(stay) ????
5. ?He must be very ____________(please) to meet us at the airport.
6. ?I'm glad to know that he is still in good_______ (healthy).
7. ?If you want to be good at English, you should practice________ (regular).
8. ?I haven't seen my cousin for many years. He is no_______ (long) a child.
9. ?If we are careful enough, there will be_______ (few) car accidents.
10. ?I'm still hungry. I want to eat_______ (much) rice.
1.changed ??2. healthier ??3. frightening ??4.staying ??5. Pleased
6. health ????7. regularly ??8. longer ?????9. fewer ????10. more
二、必會(huì)詞組
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Neither do I./ So do I. ?(注意助動(dòng)詞) ??我也不.../ 我也...
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play badminton / play the piano ?????打羽毛球 / 彈鋼琴
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read magazines ??????\????讀雜志
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an outing ????\?一次郊游
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stay / keep healthy and strong ???保持健康和強(qiáng)壯
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exercise regularly ?????有規(guī)則地運(yùn)動(dòng)
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have a sore throat ?????得了喉嚨痛
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have toothache ???????得了牙痛
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have a stomach ache ??????得了胃痛
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last Sunday / this Sunday / next Sunday ?????????上周日/這個(gè)周日/下個(gè)周日
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three packets of crisps ??????三包薯片
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four bars of chocolate ?????四塊巧克力
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two boxes of ice cream ??????????兩盒冰淇凌
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too much sweet food /fried food ????????太多的甜食
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too many soft drinks ??????太多的軟飲料
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too little fruit/ too few vegetables ?????太少的水果、太少的蔬菜
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didn't do enough revision ????沒有做足夠的復(fù)習(xí)
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watch less TV, eat fewer crisps and more fruit
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change my bad habits /improve my habits ???改變我的壞習(xí)慣
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used to smoke ???過去常常吸煙
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I don't smoke any longer. ???我再也不吸煙了。
study hard / hardly (幾乎不) ?
練習(xí):?????????
I. Choose the best answer. (選擇最恰當(dāng)?shù)拇鸢?/span>)
( ???) 1. The old lady wanted to buy_______ vegetables but pay_______ money.
A) many ... less ?????B) more ... less ????C) much ... more ?D) fewer ... more
( ???) 2. My mother isn't used_______ sweet food before meal.
A) to eat ???????????B) to eating ?????????C) eat ??????????D) eating
( ???) 3. —Where is Lucy?
— She_______ her holiday in Tokyo.
A) spent ??????????B) spends ??????????C) is spending ??D) will spend
( ???) 4. Shall we go______ in the park?
A) cycle ??????????B) to cycle ??????????C) cycling ??????D) to cycling
( ??）5. ”Don’t drink too much coke, Betty.” “ ???????????????”
A) I do ????????B) I will ?????C) I don’t ????D) I won’t
( ??) ?6. Remember, eat ???????????meat and ?????????????vegetables.
A) less, less ??????B) more, less ?????C)fewer, fewer ?D) less ,more
( ???)?7 . ?“Enjoy your time, Kitty.” Which is closest in meaning to the underlined part?
??A) Have a good time ???B) Save your time
C) Use your time ??????D) Don’t be late
( ???) 8. “This morning Rose had little or no food before going to school.” ??“ ?????????????”
A)So had Lily ?????B)Neither had Lily ????C) So did Lily ?D) Neither did Lily
( ???) 9. Mr. Li used to collect matchbox cars?????????????.
A) as a child ?????B) last month ????C)in the future ?D) this year
( ???) 10. It is ??????????????late, Nancy. Our train has gone.
A) not very ?????B) much ????C) too ?????D) quite
( ???) 11. Look at the ?????????????child. Don’t make any noise and cover him with a blanket.
A) asleep ?????B) sleeping ?????C) sleepy ??D) slept
( ??) ?12. Do you often help your mother ????????????????the housework.
A) at ???????B) for ?????C) of ??????D) with
?BB CCD ?DADAD ?BD
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IV. ?Fill in the blanks with the given verbs in their proper forms(用括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)
1. ??He_______ (be) back in two weeks.
2. ?Martin_______ (read) a book in the library at the moment.
3. ?What can we do if there_______ (be) no rain?
4. ?More and more foreigners are used to_______ (speak) Chinese.
5. ?When he was on his way to the office, he_______ (see) an accident.
1. will be ?2. is reading ?3. is ?4. speaking ?5. saw
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V. Rewrite the following sentences as required. (按要求改寫句子，每空格限填一詞)
1. ?We are going to visit the Great Wall?this Sunday. (就劃線部分提問)
????_____ are you going to ?____ this Sunday?
2. ?I met my good friend at the airport yesterday. (就劃線部分提問)
?_____ and _______ did you meet your good friend?
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?I always spent all my pocket money in the past. (保持句意不變)
?I______ ______ spend all my pocket money.
4. ?He is a very good basketball player. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
????He does well ______ ______ basketball.
5 ?.He walks?to school every day.(對(duì)劃線部分提問)
????_______ does he ______ to school every day?
1. Where ?visit ????2. Where ??when ??3. used to ?4. in playing ?5. How ?go
三、必會(huì)知識(shí)點(diǎn)
1. Mr Hu and the students are spending their weekend?at Health Camp.胡老師和學(xué)生在健康營(yíng)度周末。
??★ spend one’s weekend意為“度周末”。spend除了意為“花費(fèi)（金錢）”之外，還有“度過”的意思。
?????如：Where are you going to spend your holiday? ??你準(zhǔn)備到哪里去度假？
Let’s spend a day out together tomorrow. ?明天我們一起出去玩一天吧。
批注：復(fù)習(xí)spend的用法搭配spend time/money on sth./ (in) doing. 提問學(xué)生take, pay, cost的搭配，在口語上操練spend+時(shí)間=take spend+錢=pay/cost的句型轉(zhuǎn)變。
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2. There’s a carton called?‘Computer War’. 有一部名叫《電腦大戰(zhàn)》的動(dòng)畫片正在上映。
???★ called是“被叫做……；名叫……”的意思,等于named。如：
?????I have a friend called Happy. = I have a friend named Happy ?我有個(gè)名叫“快樂”的朋友。
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3. If you want to stay healthy, you should go to bed?early and get up?early.
如果想保持健康，你就應(yīng)該早睡早起。
??★ stay healthy中的stay為系動(dòng)詞，意為“保持”，與keep意思相近。stay healthy也可說成keep healthy。
批注：帶學(xué)生回顧其他學(xué)過的系動(dòng)詞還有感官動(dòng)詞feel taste smell look sound等。
??★ go to bed意為“去睡覺”。要注意其與go to sleep的區(qū)別。
go to sleep表示“入睡，睡著”；而go to bed指“上床睡覺”的動(dòng)作及過程，人不一定睡著了。
??★ get up是go to bed的反義詞，意為“起床”。
要注意與wake up的區(qū)別。wake up表示“醒來”，人醒了并不一定就會(huì)從床上起來。
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4. ..., you should eat a lot of healthy food, like?fruit and vegetables, and drink at least eight glasses of water every day. ??……，你就應(yīng)該吃大量水果和蔬菜這樣的健康食品，一天至少喝八杯水。
??★ like在這里作介詞用，意為“像；諸如”，用于舉例子。如：
?????I want things like bowls, dishes and folks. ?我想要一些東西，諸如碗、碟、叉子之類。
??★ 要注意every day與everyday的區(qū)別。every day是副詞短語，常用來作時(shí)間狀語，表示“每天；天天”；everyday是形容詞，常用來修飾名詞，作定語。試比較：
?????She wears everyday clothes to work. ??她身著便裝去上班。
?????She wears those clothes to work nearly every day. ?她幾乎天天都穿那些衣服去上班。
批注：幫助學(xué)生巧記：每天的生活：everyday life。Everyday放在名詞前，所以是形容詞。記住這一個(gè)，另一個(gè)就好記啦。
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練習(xí)：
同義句轉(zhuǎn)換
1. “Where are you from ” I asked the foreigners .
I asked the foreigners where _____ _____ from .
2.The rain was very heavy last night .
It ______ ______ last night .
3.It took me an hour to work out .
I _____ an hour _____ it out .
4.She found that it’s impossible to jump so high .
She found _____ impossible to ______ so high .
5.I saw the boy swim in the river yesterday .
The boy was ______ _____ swim in the river yesterday.
6.This maths problem is not as difficult as that one.
This maths problem is _______ _____ that one .
7.The young man bought the bike for more than 200 yuan.
The bike ______ the young man _____ 200 yuan.
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必會(huì)語法
1. “So + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + somebody.”表示“某人也是某種情況”；
“Neither + be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 + somebody.”表示“某人也不是（某種情況）”。
前者用于對(duì)肯定句的回應(yīng)，后者用于對(duì)否定句的回應(yīng)。
????—— I’m interested in collecting stamps. ?我對(duì)集郵感興趣。
????—— So am I. ??我也是。
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????—— I am not pleased with my studies. ?我對(duì)自己的學(xué)業(yè)不滿意。
—— Neither am I. ??我也不滿意。
批注：提醒學(xué)生注意 ?so/neither所引導(dǎo)倒裝句中的be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞必須和前句的保持一致
且倒裝句中的人稱而相應(yīng)變化。
另外，由于neither已表示了否定的意思，因此在其引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中，be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞
不必再用否定形式。E.g. ?Neither isn’t he×
???????????????????????Neither is he.??√
練習(xí)：
完成下列句子
1. —— Tom will visit Thailand next month.
???—— _________ ________ I.
2. —— He didn’t finish his homework yesterday.
???—— __________ _______ I.
3. —— I have already had my dinner.
???—— ?_________ _______ he.
4. —— My father can swim across this river.
???—— ________ ________ my mother.
Keys: 1. So will ??????2. Neither did ?????3. So has ??????4. So can
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2. 本單元中出現(xiàn)了用“Shall we...?”和“Let’s...”提建議的句子。Shall we和Let’s后直接加動(dòng)詞原形。
???Shall we practice singing now? ?我們現(xiàn)在聯(lián)系唱歌好嗎？
???Let’s play games together！ ?我們一起做游戲吧！
批注：幫助學(xué)生回顧還有哪些表達(dá)提建議的句型。
讓學(xué)生總結(jié)，重點(diǎn)區(qū)分why not do/ why don’t+句子/about后+doing。這是常犯錯(cuò)誤。
另外，表示提建議的句型還有：
???Why not...?/Why don’t you...?
???How/What about...?
???If you are tired, why not have a rest? ??如果你累了，為什么不休息一會(huì)兒呢？
???Why don’t you do your homework first? ??你為什么不先做作業(yè)呢？
???How about/What about visiting France in summer holiday? ??暑假去法國(guó)游玩好嗎？
練習(xí)：
選出正確的答案
1. Let’s not _________ time!
??A. waste ?????????B. to waste ??????C. wasting ???????D. to wasting
2. What about _________ a picnic in the park?
??A. have ?????????B. to have ??????C. having ????????D. has
3. Shall we _________ with our teacher?
??A. to talk ????????B. talk ?????????C. talking ????????D. to talking
4. Why __________ the crisps with us?
??A. don’t share ????????B. not share ???????C. not to share ????????D. to share
Keys: 1. A ??2. C ??3. B ??4. B
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3. 在本單元中，if引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句，意為“如果”。
??What should I do if I want to catch the train? ??要想趕上火車的話，我應(yīng)該怎么做？
??He must work hard if he wants to pass the exam. ?如果想通過考試，他必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。
練習(xí)：
選出正確的答案
1. I didn’t see her here this evening. __________ she comes, I will tell you.
??A. How ???????????B. That ???????C. If ????????????D. Then
2. —— Our holiday cost a lot of money.
??—— Did it? Well, it doesn’t matter ________ you enjoyed yourself.
??A. if ?????????????B. unless ???????C. when ??????????D. or
Keys: 1. C ??2. A
批注：注意主將從現(xiàn)用法，復(fù)習(xí)一遍。
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4. 數(shù)量詞即數(shù)詞和量詞，用以表示一個(gè)確定的量。本單元中出現(xiàn)了很多量詞，
如：packet, glass, box, bottle, bar等。
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可數(shù)名詞可以直接用數(shù)詞來表示，而當(dāng)使用量詞來表示時(shí)，量詞和名詞都可用復(fù)數(shù)形式：
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不可數(shù)名詞使用量詞來表述時(shí)，只有量詞可使用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
???My mum bought two bags of vegetables for dinner tonight. ?媽媽為今天的晚飯買了兩袋蔬菜。
批注：幫助學(xué)生總結(jié)結(jié)構(gòu)：數(shù)詞+量詞+of+名詞。注意單復(fù)數(shù)問題。
練習(xí)：
中譯英
1. 一聽番茄醬 ___________________
2. 三片面包 ??___________________
3. 兩袋桔子 ??___________________
Keys: 1. a tin of tomato sauce ?????2. three pieces of bread ??????3. two bags of oranges
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5. less是little的比較級(jí)形式，意為“較少”，但用于修飾不可數(shù)名詞；
fewer是few的比較級(jí)形式，也意為“較少”，但用于修飾可數(shù)名詞；
more是many和much的比較級(jí)形式，意為“較多”，既可以修飾可數(shù)名詞又可以修飾不可數(shù)名詞。
練習(xí)：
根據(jù)中文譯句完成句子
1. I have decided to watch __________ television. ?我已經(jīng)決定少看電視。
2. Try to eat ________ sweets to protect your teeth. ?盡量少吃糖果來保護(hù)你的牙齒。
3. I want to get _________ information. ?我想要得到更多信息。
Keys: 1. less ??2. fewer ??3. More
?
6. used to后面跟動(dòng)詞原形，意為“過去常常”，言外之意是現(xiàn)在該情況已不存在。
He used to brush his teeth after breakfast. ?過去他常常在早餐后刷牙。
??Now he is used to Chinese food. 現(xiàn)在他習(xí)慣了吃中餐。
批注：較好的學(xué)生可以擴(kuò)充use的其他用法，一般學(xué)生容易將used to與be used to混淆。
be used to doing/sth.，意為“習(xí)慣于”。
練習(xí)：
選出正確的答案
1. He used _______ books in the morning.
??A. read ????????????B. to read ???????C. reading ?????????D. to reading
2. Did he use to _______ after dinner?
??A. smoke ???????????B. smoking ???????C. smoked ???????D. smokes
3. He __________ going to bed early in the evening.
??A. used to ??????????B. is used to ????????C .uses to ?????????D. used
Keys: 1. B ??2. A ??3. B
?
7. 本單元出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)not...any longer，意為“不再……”，在句子中起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，可與no longer替換。
??【注意】 any longer通常置于句末，而no longer則一般位于句中。
??I will not throw rubbish on the floor any longer. ?我不會(huì)再把垃圾扔在地上了。
練習(xí)：
按要求改句子。
He is no longer a student. ?（保持句意不變）
He isn’t a student __________ __________.
Keys: any longer
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