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一、必會詞匯
1. peaceful ?adj. 平靜的
???????{聯(lián)想} peace ??n. 和平 ??
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2. convenient ??adj. 方便的
???????{反義詞} inconvenient ??adj. 不方便的
???????{聯(lián)想} convenience ??n. 便利
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3. neighbourhood ??n. 街區(qū)；城區(qū)
4. bottom ??n. 底部
???????{反義詞} top
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5. *steep ??adj. 陡的
???????{反義詞} gentle ??adj. 緩和的
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6. step ??n. 臺階
???????{提示}steps可以用來表示“（室外的）石頭階梯”或“四腳梯折梯”等。
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?7. noisy ??adj. 吵鬧的；嘈雜的 ??
{聯(lián)想} noise ??n. 噪音 ???noisily ??adv.吵鬧地；嘈雜地
{反義詞} quiet ??adj. 安靜的；寧靜的
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?8. exciting ?adj. 令人激動的；令人興奮的
???????{反義詞} boring ??adj. 令人厭煩的
???????????????Uninteresting ?adj. 無趣的；乏味的
???????{聯(lián)想} excite ?v.使激動；使興奮 ??excitement ??n. 激動；興奮
?????????????excited ?adj. 激動的；興奮的
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?9. pleasant ?adj. 令人愉快的
???????{反義詞} unpleasant ??adj. 是人不愉快的；討厭的
???????{近義詞} enjoyable ???adj. 令人愉快的
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?10. relaxing ??adj. 令人放松的
????????{聯(lián)想} relax ??v. 放松；休息
??????????????relaxed ?放松的
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11. financial ?adj. 金融的；財政的
????????{聯(lián)想} finance ??n. 金融；財政
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12. church ??n. 教堂
????????{比較} go to church與go to the church
??????????????go to church表示“去教堂做禮拜”；go to the church僅表示“去教堂”。
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13. *statue ??n. 雕塑；雕像
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14. *fountain ?n. 噴泉
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15. storybook ?n. 兒童故事書；童話書
練習(xí)：
II. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
1. Life in the suburbs is quiet and ????????????????. ?(peace)
2. There is a new garden in our ?????????????????? . ( neighbour)
3. It is ???????????????????(convenience) to go to Beijing by plane.
4. We had a ???????????????journey last summer holiday. ( pleasure )
5. Fishing is a kind of activity for people to ????????????????. (relaxing)
6. Nobody can tell whether this new age of globalization would end soon because of the ???????????????. crises.(financially)
【Keys】1. peaceful ???2. neighbourhood ???3. convenient ??4. pleasant ??5. relax ???6. financial
二、必會詞組
1. take a bus to ??乘公交車去、、、、
??take +交通工具 +介詞to ???意為“搭乘、、、、去某地”=go to 、、、by +交通工具
???eg：You can take a bus to the park.
???????You can go to the park by bus.
2. It takes about forty minutes.
??It takes +時間 ???表示“做某事花了多長時間”
??It takes +sb. +some time to do sth. ??表示“某人花了多少時間做某事”
???eg：It takes five hours to travel from Shanghai to Nanchang by train.
3. at the bottom of ??在、、、、底部
???eg：The apples at the bottom of the basket are smaller.
4. not any ?意為“什么都沒有” = no
????eg: There aren’t any shops or restaurants.=There are no shops or restaurants.
5. It is +adj. + to do sth. ?表示“做某事很怎么樣”
???其中，it不是句子真正的主語，它替代了to do sth.的部分，我們稱之為“形式主語”，而把動詞不定式部分稱為“真實主語”。
????eg: It is difficult to learn French.
練習(xí)：
用括號中所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：
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I like ___ (live) in the countryside.
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The life in the countryside is ____ (relax).
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Most of the people like the ____ (peace) life.
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We all liked the ____ (please) trip.
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On ____ (wind) days, we can fly kites.
?按要求改寫句子：
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Ben usually does his homework before dinner. (對劃線部分提問)
____ does Ben usually ____ his homework?
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Peter goes to visit his grandma once a week. (對劃線部分提問)
____ ____ does Peter go to visit his grandma?
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It takes me one hour?to go to school. (對劃線部分提問)
____ ____ does it take you to go to school?
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We often take the underground?to go to school. (對劃線部分提問)
____ ____ you often go to school?
三、必會語法
I?現(xiàn)在進行時和過去進行時
現(xiàn)在進行時
1. 表示說話時正在進行的動作。
—What are you doing now?
—We are having a test.
2. 表示現(xiàn)階段暫時的習(xí)慣動作，該動作說話時不一定正在進行。
Mr. Brown is a teacher of maths, but he is now teaching computer lessons.
3. 表示不斷重復(fù)的動作，常帶always等頻度副詞，而且?guī)в懈星樯省?/span>
Alice is always helping others.
4. 表示漸進的過程，通常適用于表示“轉(zhuǎn)變”的動詞。
When autumn comes, the weather is getting cooler and cooler.
5. 表示即將發(fā)生的事情，通常適用于暫短性動詞。
Pm going to Paris for my holidays next week.
6. 現(xiàn)在進行時的動詞形式通常以助動詞be (am, is, are)及動詞原形加-ing，即動詞的現(xiàn)在 分詞表示，其規(guī)則如下：
1) 一般動詞都在詞尾加-ing，如：working，planting, carrying, discussing 等。
2) 當(dāng)動詞以-e結(jié)尾時，先去掉-e，再加-ing，如：shining, leaving, skating, writing。
以-oe，-ee，-ye 結(jié)尾的動詞，直接加-ing，如：hoeing，dyeing，agreeing 等.
還有特殊變化的，如:die+ing—dying lie+ing—lying
3) 當(dāng)動詞為重讀閉音節(jié)或以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾時，要重復(fù)詞尾的輔音字母，再加-ing,如： running, stopping, swimming, beginning 等.
7.現(xiàn)在進行時常用的時間狀語有:now, nowadays, at the moment, these days等。
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過去進行時
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1.表示過去某時正在進行的動作。
We were taking a walk when we met our maths teacher.
2.表示過去某個階段暫時性習(xí)慣動作。
He is a driver, but at that time he was working in a factory.
3.表示過去不斷重復(fù)的動作。
Mrs. Green was always complaining about something.
4.過去進行時的動詞形式通常以助動詞be (was，were)加動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞-ing形式表示， 其構(gòu)成規(guī)則與現(xiàn)在進行時相同。
5.過去進行時常用的時間狀語有：this time yesterday, at that time, at the moment 等。
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練習(xí)一：寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：
Play _______ ?run__________swim________ ?make_______ go________like________
write_______ ?read________ ?have_______ ??sing_______ dance_______put______
see ?_______ ?buy_____ ???_love__________live_______ ?take________come________
ge ??_______ ?stop________ ?sit________ ??begin________shop__________
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答案： playing ??running ??swimming ??making ??going ??liking ??writing skiing ??reading ??singing ??dancing ??putting ??seeing ??buying loving ??living ??taking ??coming ??getting ??stopping ??sitting beginning ??shopping
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練習(xí)二：用所給動詞的適當(dāng)時態(tài)填空。
1. Don’t make any noise. The teachers ????????????(have) a meeting.
2. Betty ????????????(make) a telephone call to her pen pal at that time yesterday:
3. I ????????????(not do) anything at the moment.
4. He told me that my mother ????????????(wait) for me outside.
5. Spring is here. It ????????????(get) warmer and warmer.
6. What ????????????you ????????????(do) when I called you yesterday evening?
7. All those wastes ????????????(pollute) the river these years.
8. My mother ????????????(cook) in the kitchen when my father returned home.
9. I ????????????(see) him when I ????????????(walk) in the park.
10. It ????????????(rain) at the moment, so we ????????????(stay) indoors yesterday afternoon.
keys: 1. are having 2. was making 3. am not doing 4. was waiting 5.is getting 6. were, doing
7. are polluting 8.was cooking 9. saw, was walking 10. was raining, stayed
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練習(xí)三：完成下列句子:
What_________you__________(do)??????
I_____________(sing) an English song.
What________he____________(mend)????
He______________(mend) a car.
______you__________(fly) a kite?
Yes, _______.
______she___________(sit) in the boat????
______you_____________(ask) questions?
We_______________(play) games now.?
答案：1. are; doing ?2. am; singing ?3. is; mending ?4. is; mending ?5. are; flying; I am
??????6. is; sitting ??7. are; asking ??8. are playing
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一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時比較
用法比較：
1.概念：一般過去時：過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或單純敘述過去的事情，強調(diào)動作。
?????現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時為過去發(fā)生的，強調(diào)過去的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，重點是強調(diào)現(xiàn)在的是影響。
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2．時間狀語：
1）一般過去時的時間狀語: yesterday, ?last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, （具體的時間狀語） ?
2）現(xiàn)在完成時的時間狀語：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, before (以前)等
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3．動詞搭配：
1）現(xiàn)在完成時中有瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)分：
瞬間動詞：come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married 等后面不能跟表示一段時間的時間狀語。
延續(xù)性動詞：live, teach, learn, work, study, know. ??
[說明]?“終止”、“延續(xù)”要轉(zhuǎn)換：英語中的動詞從詞義上可以分為延續(xù)性和非延續(xù)性（瞬間動詞）兩種，在現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)中一定要注意動詞這一特性，當(dāng)句中含有一段時間狀語時應(yīng)將這類瞬間動詞轉(zhuǎn)換為延續(xù)性動詞。
例如： The film has begun. → The film has been on for an hour.
???????He has gone . → He has been away for ten minutes.
2）一般過去時中不存在瞬間動詞和延續(xù)性動詞的區(qū)分： ?
I saw this film （yesterday）.（強調(diào)看的動作發(fā)生過了。）
I have seen this film. （強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在的影響，電影的內(nèi)容已經(jīng)知道了。）
Why did you get up so early?（強調(diào)起床的動作已發(fā)生過了。）
Who hasn't handed in his paper?（強調(diào)有卷子，可能為不公平競爭。）
She has returned from Paris. 她已從巴黎回來了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回來了?！?/span>
??????????He has been in the League for three years.(在團內(nèi)的狀態(tài)可延續(xù)) ??
?He joined the League three years ago. ( 三年前入團，joined為短暫行為。
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練習(xí)：
一、單項選擇
????1、Both? his? parents? look? sad . Maybe they? _________what's? happened?to?him .
??A.?knew? ???????B.?have known?? ????C.?must know?? ??D. will know
2、He?has? _______ been? to? Shanghai , has? he ?
??A.? already?? ????B. never??? ?????????C. ever??? ???????D. still
3、Have? you? met? Mr.? Li ______？
??A.?just?? ????????B.?ago???? ??????????C. before?? ??????D.? a moment ago
4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two years.
??A. is?writing?? ????B. was?writing??? ????C. wrote? ??????D. has?written
????5、-Our country? ______ a lot so far .
-Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
??A. has?changed ; well?? ??????????????B.?changed ; good
??C. has?changed ; better ??????????????D.?changed ; better
6、Zhao Lan ______already? ______in this school for two years .
???A. was ; studying?????????????? ??????????B. will ; study
???C. has ; studied????????????????? ??????????D. are ; studying
7、We ______ Xiao? Li? since? she? was? a? little? girl .
???A. know?? ????B.?had? known?? ?????C. have? known?? ?D.?Knew
?8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
???A.?will? see??? ?B.?have? seen???? ?????C.?saw?? ?????????D. see
9、-These? farmers? have? been? to? the? United? States .
?? ??-Really ? When _____? there ?
???A. will?they?go????? ?????????????????B.?did?they?go
???C.?do?they?go????? ??????????????????D.?have?they?gone
10、-______ you ___ your? homework? yet ?
-Yes . I _____? it? a? moment? ago .
???A.?Did ; do ; finished??? ?????????????B.?Have ; done ; finished
???C.?Have ; done ; have? finished?? ?????D.?will ; do ; finish
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答案：1—5：BBCDC ?6—10：CCBBB ?
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二、句型轉(zhuǎn)換
1、The old man _________ last year. He?????????????????? for a year. (die) （動詞填空）
2、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
??This factory???????????????????for twenty years.
3、Miss Gao left an hour ago.? (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
??Miss Gao ________ _______ ________ ?an hour ago.
4、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同義句）
??Her? mother _______ the? Party? three? years? ________ .
5、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同義句轉(zhuǎn)換)
???_______ two years ________ the Green family moved to France.
6、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把兩個句子合并成一個句子)??
???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
答案：
1、died, has been dead? ???2、has been open????? 3、has been away??????4、joined；ago
5、It is, since?????? 6、The bus has been here for ten minutes.
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