2019-2020學(xué)年中考英語語法備考秘籍 — 連詞
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【連詞命題趨勢】
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根據(jù)對連詞部分全國各地考試題的分析可知,今后該部分將是重點考查點之一。其考查重點為:
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并列連詞的用法
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從屬連詞的用法
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相似連詞的辨析
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【知識方法】
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???????????????????????表順承、并列和遞進(jìn)---- and both ...and..., as well as, not only...but also ?
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???????????????????????表轉(zhuǎn)折和對比------but yet while
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并列句和并列連詞 ?????????????????????????????
????????????????????????表選擇-----either ....or...., or ???????????????????????????????????????????
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???????????????????????表因果----so for
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知 識 清 單
?連 ?????詞
????連詞是連接詞、短語、從句語句子的詞,它是虛詞,所以不能單獨擔(dān)任句子成分。
知識梳理:提綱挈領(lǐng),抓住重點和難點!
連詞的分類:
連詞主要分為兩大類:并列連詞和從屬連詞。
1.. 并列連詞
并列連詞用來連接具有并列關(guān)系的詞,短語或句子。常見的并列連詞有:
(1)表并列關(guān)系的and, both…and, not only…but also, neither…nor等。
(2)表選擇關(guān)系的or, either…or等。
(3)表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的but, while等。
(4)表因果關(guān)系的for, so等。
2.. 從屬連詞
從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句。常見的從屬連詞有:
(1)引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的after, before, when, while, as, until, till, since, as soon as等。(2)引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的if, unless等。
(3)引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的because, as, since等。
(4)引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的so that, in order that等。
(5)引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的though, although, even if等。
(6)引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的so that, so…that, such…that等。
(7)引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的than, as…as等。
(8)引導(dǎo)名詞從句的that, if , whether等。
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連詞用法示例與解析:
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“ and”
??????1. He got up and?left the room.
???????2. He went to Kunming and?I went Harbin last year.
特別用法: 句型 “祈使句, and …”= If you…, you will…
??????3. Work hard, and you will do well in the exam.
“or”
?????1. Tom or I am?right. (or連接兩個名詞或代詞做主語時謂語動詞依照后面的詞而定)
??????2. Would you like coffee or tea?
特別用法: 句型 “祈使句, or…”= If you don’t …, you will…
??????3. Hurry up, or?you will miss the bus.
“but”
?????1. She is sixty, but she still looks young.
??????2. She is tired but?happy.
??????3. I came here not for myself but?for my son.
??????4. Mary likes piano but Tom doesn’t (like可以省略).
“for”?
??????1. I went to sleep soon, for?I was very tired.
??????2. The sun has risen,for?the birds are singing.
?比較:表示原因,譯為”因為”, 表示說明、解釋。與because不同,用語解釋某事的原因、動機(jī),強(qiáng)調(diào)因果關(guān)系。用語回答why引導(dǎo)的問句。
“both …and …”
????1. Both?you and?I are?Chinese.
????2. I like both?sports and?music.
特別用法: both…and…的否定句表示部分否定。
????3. He can’t play both tennis and volleyball.?它并不是既會打網(wǎng)球又會打排球。
either…or…, neither…nor…
???????1. Either you or she is?wrong. ???????
????????2. Can you speak either French or English?
????????3. Neither the teacher nor the students like?this song.
特別提示:
用either…or…, neither…nor…連接兩個名詞或代詞做主語時謂語動詞依照后面的詞而定。
比較: both…and…, either…or…, neither…nor…的相互關(guān)系:
肯定句: 1. I like both A and B.
否定句: 2. I don’t like both A and B.= I like either A or B.
否定句: 3. I don’t like either A or B.= I like neither A nor B.
“Not only…but also…”
??????1. Not only you but also your father?is?coming. (連接兩個名詞或代詞做主語時謂語動詞依照后面的詞而定)
??????2. She learns not only English but also Japanese.
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【考點詮釋】
一、考查表示轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系的并列連詞
這類并列句常用并列連詞but (但是),yet (可是),while(而,另一方面)等連接前后簡單句,but常譯為‘但是”,“可是”,切不可與從屬連詞though或although一起使用。
1.but(但是,可是,而,卻)
????連接兩個并列句,有時句中某些詞可以省略;連接兩個并列成分,可以放在一個句子的句首,后面不接逗號。
【考例】——Would you like to come to my house for dinner tonight?
——I'd love to,____I have lots of work to do.[北京市]
A so ??? B or ??? C and ??? D.but
[答案]D。
【解析】考查轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。so(表結(jié)果),or(表選擇),ad(表并列),but(表轉(zhuǎn)折),根據(jù)句意:“我很樂意去,但我還有一些事要做”可推斷選but,表轉(zhuǎn)折。
It was very cold and windy, _________ those farmers were working hard on the farm.[吉林省]
A. and ?????????? B. or ???????????? C. but ?????????? D. so
[答案]C。
【解析】考查連詞的用法。 but表轉(zhuǎn)折,and表并列,or表選擇,So表順接。根據(jù)句意選C。
?二、考查表示因果關(guān)系的并列連詞 ???
????這類并列句常用并列連詞for,so等連接前后簡單句。
1.for在意義上與從屬連詞because,since和as相同,但它們引導(dǎo)的是原因狀語從句,而for則連接兩個簡單句。由并列連詞for引導(dǎo)的分句只能置于句末,而且必須用逗號與前面的分句隔開。for分句主要是對前一分句補充說明理由或推斷原因。for分句不能用來回答why問句。
2. so意為“因此”、“所以”,但不能與because同時出現(xiàn)在同一個句子中。因為because是從屬連詞,而so是并列連詞,用來連接并列句。其結(jié)構(gòu)為:簡單句(原因)+so+簡單句(結(jié)果)。
【考例】I have been trying my best to study English ________I want to have a chance to be a volunteer for the Beijing Olympics. [太原市]
A, until ????????????????B. because ??????????????C. though
[答案]B。
【解析】 本題考查連詞的用法。until表示“直到……才”常用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句;because"因為”用來引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句,而though"盡管”用來引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。根據(jù)主從句的前后關(guān)系判斷,應(yīng)該選用表示原因的B項。
. Ricky caught a "bad cold yesterday, ___________ he had to stay at home. [南京]
A. because ???? B. but ????????? C. or ??????????? D. so
【答案】D
【解析】 because 因為,引導(dǎo)句子;because of因為引導(dǎo)短語But 但是,(表示轉(zhuǎn)折=however,=whereas),不能夠和though/although連用對不起,除了(=except)?Or 和( and的否定形式),或者,否則(通常是將來時態(tài),表示結(jié)果)So 所以,表示結(jié)果,不能夠和because連用;如此引導(dǎo)形容詞/副詞。句意為: Ricky昨天得了重感冒,所以他不得不呆在家里。
三、考查表示選擇關(guān)系的并列連詞
????這類并列句常用并列連詞or (或者,否則),either..or...(或是……或是;不是……
就是)等連接前后簡單句。
????or連接并列成分時,意為“或者,還是”;用于否定句中,意為“也不”,這時不宜用and;還有“否則,要不然”之意,相當(dāng)于otherwise。
【考例】Tom ,keep away from the fire,__ you will get burnt. [河南省]
A. and ?????????? B. so ???????????? C. or ???????????? D. but
【答案】C。
【解析】考查連詞。 or是連詞“否則”的意思。and表示順承關(guān)系;but表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;or表示選擇關(guān)系或轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系;so表示因果關(guān)系。
四、考查表示并列關(guān)系的并列連詞
【考例】Study hard, ________ you'll pass the exam. [長沙市]
A. or ?????? B. and ???????? C. but
【答案】B。
【解析】 考查并列連詞。or表示選擇,and表示并列,but表示轉(zhuǎn)折。
【語法過關(guān)】
1.How did you try to get to school on time ______ you missed the school bus, Mary?
A. when B. if C. once D. that
【答案】A
【解析】用來引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。
2.-I'm going to the supermarket.
-Will you get me some chocolates ______ you are there, mum?
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since B. because C. if D. while
【答案】D
【解析】"since,because,if"都不符合語境意思,"while(當(dāng)------時候)"指在超市的時候(買巧克力),語意清楚。
3.Never give up, ______ you'll make it.
A. and B. but C. or D. yet
【答案】A
【解析】前后句子是遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。
4.Her grandparents are still in good health________ they are over eighty.
A. though B. as soon as C. until D. because
【答案】A
【解析】 語境表明兩個句子是"讓步關(guān)系"。
5. --- Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
--- I'd like to, ___ I'm too busy.
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and B. so C. as D. but
【答案】D。
【解析】but與前面形成轉(zhuǎn)折,符合語意。而表并列的and, 結(jié)果的so,原因的as都不符合句意。
6. When I got the news that the ship would sink, I was _____ frightened_______ my legs couldn't move forward. ?
A. so; that B. very; that C. too; that D. too; to
【答案】 A ?
【解析】so --- that用于表示"如此------以致于------",so 后接形容詞, that后接從句。
7. I won't believe that the five-year-old boy can read five thousand words ________I have tested him myself. ?
A. after B. when C. if D. until
【答案】D ?
【解析】not---until 表示"直到------才-----"。
8.Be careful , ___________ you will fall off the tree. ?
A. so B. or C. but D. and
?【答案】B 【解析】or意思是"否則;不然的話",與句意相符。
9. Mr. Brown knows little Japanese, _______ he can't understand the instructions on the bottle of the pills. ?
A. so B. or C. but D. for
【答案】 A
【解析】 so這里表示原因。
10.---I don't like chicken ___ fish.
---I don't like chicken, ___ I like fish very much.
A. and; and B. and; but C. or; but D. or;and
【答案】C。
【解析】否定句中表并列用or, but 表轉(zhuǎn)折。
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