2019-2020學(xué)年中考英語語法備考秘籍 — 數(shù)詞

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【分析解讀】

數(shù)詞為中考考點，但是考頻不高。主要考點為基數(shù)詞、序數(shù)詞 分?jǐn)?shù)以及hunfred/thousand/million的用法這些用法具有固定性，所以才用的記憶方法比較好。

【知識方法】

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???????????????????基數(shù)詞的用法 ??????????????

???????????????????序數(shù)詞的用法 ?????????????????

???????????????????年代表達(dá)法 ????????????

???????????????????日期表達(dá)法 ???????????

????????數(shù)詞 ?????分?jǐn)?shù)的表答法 ????????????????????????????????

???????????????????小數(shù)的表達(dá)法

??????????????????百分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法 ???????????????????????????????????

???????????????????倍數(shù)的表達(dá)法

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知 識 清 單

數(shù) ?????詞

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???英語數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目或者順序， 可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞。基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。

知識梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點和難點！

1. 基數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成

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注意：

(1)基數(shù)詞1-12是獨立單詞，需逐個記憶。

(2)基數(shù)詞13-19是在個位數(shù)詞的詞干后加-teen構(gòu)成，其中 thirteen,fifteen,eighteen變化不規(guī)則。

(3)基數(shù)詞20-90的整十?dāng)?shù)除twenty,thirty,forty,fifty, eighty為特殊形式外是在個位數(shù)詞后面加-ty構(gòu)成?；鶖?shù)詞21-99的非整十?dāng)?shù)是在十位數(shù)詞后面加上個位數(shù)詞構(gòu)成，中間加上連字符“-”。

如21 twenty-one

1. 基數(shù)詞的讀法

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   (1)在讀三位數(shù)或三位數(shù)以上的基數(shù)詞時，需在十位數(shù)之前（若十位數(shù)是“0”，在個位前）加連詞and。

   304-three hundred and four

   1,342-one thousand,three hundred and forty-two

   (2)阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字每三位數(shù)就需用一個逗號隔開，從后往前數(shù)；所用的英語單詞為：thousand(千）,million(百萬）,billion(十億）,英語中沒有“萬”和“億”，在表示“萬”和“億”時要按十進(jìn)位法來推算。

   1萬可用10千來表示，即10,000。

   100,000,000可寫成a hundred million。

   35,845可寫成thirty-five thousand,eight hundred

2. 基數(shù)詞的基本用法

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4.hundred,thousand,million與billion的用法

(1)與具體數(shù)詞one,two…或several,some,many等車用時，要用單數(shù)形式。

five hundred people 500人

two thousand books 2,000本書

many million trees幾百萬棵樹

(2)與of連用時，要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但前面不能再加數(shù)詞。

hundreds of people 成百上千的人

thousands of factories 成千上萬的工廠

millions of birds 數(shù)以百萬計的鳥兒

hundreds of trees幾百棵樹

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1. 序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成

   1.序數(shù)詞的基本構(gòu)成

   序數(shù)詞一般是以與之相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞尾加-th構(gòu)成，例如 fourth, tenth,但以下的這些基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時， 有特別之處。

   1.one--- first, ?two --- second, ?three --- third, five --- fifth, ?nice --- ninth, ?twelve --- twelfth

   2. 以ty 結(jié)尾的單詞， 要先變y為I, 在加-eth. 例如：thirty ---thirtieth, fifty ---fiftieth

   3. 以one, two, three 等結(jié)尾的多位數(shù)詞， 要將各位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。 例如： ?twenty-one --- twenty-first, ?one hundred and one --- one hundred and first

   ?注意： 序數(shù)詞前常用定冠詞， 有時還可以用不定冠詞 a/an 則表示 “又一 ”的意思。 ?

   ????????例如：Mr Brown has a second car. ?布朗先生另外還有一輛車。

   He has tried a second time. ?他又嘗試了一次。

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   三、數(shù)詞的應(yīng)用??

   1．時刻的表示：小時、點鐘、分鐘、秒鐘要用基數(shù)詞。

   ???①“幾點鐘”用基數(shù)詞加o'clock。o'clock可省略。如： 5點鐘—five（o'clock）．

   ???②“幾點過幾分 ?”，≤30分鐘”用介詞past。如： 7：05—five past seven；7：15—fifteen （a quarter）past seven；7：30—half past seven。

   ???③“差幾分幾點”用介詞“to”。如：7：40—twenty to eight；7：45—fifteen（a quarter to eight。

   ???④日常生活中的時間讀法常常簡化，直接按基數(shù)詞的順序讀。如：7：05—seven o five；7：15— seven fifteen。

   2．年月日的表示：

1. 年份用基數(shù)詞，如：1999年—nineteen ninety-nine； 1900年—nineteen hundred； 2000—two thousand；1905—nineteen o five；

2. 年用基數(shù)詞，日用序數(shù)詞。如：1998年6月8日 ?寫作：June 8，1998；讀作：June the eighth， nineteen ninety-eight或the eighth of June， nineteen ninety-eight。

   3. 世紀(jì)、年代表示法：

   ??（在）90年代 ??(in) the nineties

   ??（在）19世紀(jì) ??(in) the nineteenth century

   ??（在）18世紀(jì)30年代 ?(in) 1730s或1730’s

   4．編號的表示：

1. Lesson One ＝the first lesson第一課；

2. Bus No．3＝the No．3bus 3路公共汽車；

3. 表示住所時不用“No．”如：302房間—Room 302（讀作：room three o two）；

4. 如果編號的數(shù)詞比較長，一般用基數(shù)詞。如：Page 457第457頁；

5. 電話號碼，用基數(shù)詞,如：3855633—three eight five five（double five） six three three（double three）。 ?

   5．分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)：

   分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子大于“1”，分母則加“s”。如：1／3 one third，2／3two thirds； ??

   另外：1／2 a（one）half; 1／4one fourth或a（one）quarter;3／4threefourths或three quarters。

   ???half a second; a quarter of a second四分之一秒

   6. 表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。

   　　5.5 five point five 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

   12.135 twelve point one three five

   7．表示百分?jǐn)?shù)

   5℅：five percent (per cent)， 0.8℅ zero point eight percent (per cent).

   8．表示有小數(shù)的詞用基數(shù)詞。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

   　　5.5 five point five 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

   　　12.135 twelve point one three five 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

   9．其他用法：

   1）基數(shù)詞＋單數(shù)名詞＋形容詞構(gòu)成合成形容詞。如：一個五歲的男孩a five-year-old boy； ??

   ???一座800米長的橋an 800-metre-long bridge；女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay race。

   2）具體數(shù)詞＋metre（s）／kilometre（s）／kilo（s）long ／ high ／tall ／deep ／away等。如：長江長6300公里。The Changjiang River is 6，300 kilometres long．

   3）表示"幾十歲"用序數(shù)詞，eg. 在他三十幾歲時 ?in his thirties

   4）倍數(shù)的表達(dá)：(一倍用once，兩倍用 twice，兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞＋times。如：5倍five times)。 ?

   例如：He is as tall a boy as I.

   He is a head taller than I .

   He is two years older than I

   China is four times as large as Europe.

   I am twice as old as you. (=I am twice older than you. /I am twice the age of you.)

   My books are twice as many as yours.

   China is four times larger than Europe.(=China is four times the size of Europe.)

   I pay twice as much as it was worth.

   I pay twice as much for the house.

   例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！

   ?1. _______ Chinese are looking for ways to learn English well before Beijing ?2008 Olympic. ????????????

   ?A. Thousand ??????B. Thousands ??????C. Thousand of ????D. Thousands of

   ?2. Both of the rules are broken. I want to buy a ______ one. ?

   ?????A. three ??????????B. third ??????????C. forth ???????D. /

   3). --- Which is the smallest number of the four? ??????????--- _________.

   ?????A. Two- thirds ????B. A half ??????C. A quarter ????D. Three-fourths

   4). Please write down the new words in the text of _______.

   ????A. Lesson Eleven ??B. the Lesson Eleven ??C. Lesson Eleventh

   解析：1.基數(shù)詞hundred, thousand, million, billion 等前有具體數(shù)字時，它們后面不能加s,若這些詞后面有介詞of (幾百，成百上千) ，thousands of (幾千，數(shù)千個)，millions of, billions of 前不可用數(shù)詞修飾。但可用many, some, several 等修飾。故選答案D.

   ?????2．答案： B。此題主要考查序數(shù)詞的運用。

   ?????3．答案：C。此題主要考查英語中的分?jǐn)?shù)表示法。英語中表示分?jǐn)?shù)時，分母用序數(shù)詞，分子用基數(shù)詞，當(dāng)分子大于1時，表示分母的序數(shù)詞后要加s.

   ?????4．答案： A。 此題主要考查基數(shù)詞的編號。在通常情況下，名詞編號有這幾種表示法： 1。事物名詞+基數(shù)詞，且每個單詞的首字母都要大寫。如：Lesson Eleven；2。定冠詞+基數(shù)詞+事物名詞。如： No. 6 Middle School

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   練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績！

   選擇填空：

1. _______ ?of people in the world are sending information by E-mail ever day.

   ??A. Many million ??B. Several million ??C. Several millions ?D. Many millions

2. About _______ of the surface of the earth _______ covered with water.

   ??A. three quarter, is ????B. three quarters, has ???C. three quarters, is ???D. three quarter, are

3. It will take _______ time to finish the work.

   ??A. one and a half years’ ???B. a year and half ????C. one and a half year’s ?D. a year and half’s

   4．--- How long will your stay here ?、

   ???---For ________ .

   ???A. one and two day’s ??B. one and two day ?C. a day or two ??D. one or two day

   5．When he moved to Germany in ______ , he was already in _______ .

   ???A. the fifties; his sixties ??B. fifties; his sixties ?

   ??C. the fifties; his sixty ????D. fifty; sixty

   6．My brother lives in ______ on ______ floor.

   ??A. six Room ;second ??????B. Room six ;the second ?

   ??C. Room six; two floor ????D. the room six ; the second

   7．December is _______ month of the year.

   ??A. twelve ??B. twelfth ?C. the twelfth ???D. the twelve

   8．This took place in the ______ .

   ??A. 1940 ??B. 1940s ?C. 1940es ?D. 1940^th

   9．It is only _____ from my home to the train station.

   ??A. ten minutes walk ??B. ten-minutes walk ?C. ten minutes ‘s walk ?D. ten minutes’ walk

   10．There are ______ in this building , I live on ______.

   A. nine floors ,the ninth floor ???B. nine floor, the ninth floor

   C. nine floor , nine floors ?????D.ninth floor,the ninth floor

   11．The water behind the Three Gorges Dams (三峽大壩) should be ______ higher than downstream（ 下游）。

   ???A. sixty-five meter ????B. sixty-fifth meter ????

   C. sixty-five meters ??D. sixty-fifth meters

   12. There are _______ days in a year.

   ???A. three hundred sixty-five ?????????????B. three hundred and sixty-five

   ???C. three hundred and sixty –five ?????????D. two hundreds and sixty-five

   13. ---How many teachers are there in your school?

   ??--- __________. , but I'm not sure.

   ???A. Hundreds ??????B. Hundred ?????C. Hundreds of ???????D. One hundred

   14. There are _________ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.

   ??A. thousand ???????B. two thousand ???????C. two thousands ??????D. two thousands of

   15. --- What's one fourth and a half, do you know?

   ???--- Yes, it's _________.

   ???A. two sixths ???????B. three fourths ??????C. one three ???????D. three sixth

   16. Now children, turn to page ________ and look at the _______ picture in Lesson Two.

   ??A. twentieth, one ????B. twenty, one ???C. twentieth, first ????D. twenty, first

   17. Both of the two rulers are broken. I want to buy a _______ one.

   ???A. three ???????B. third ?????????C. forth ????????D. /

   18. December is the __________ month in year.

   ??A. twenty ??????B. twelve ????????C. twentieth ????????D. twelfth

   19. --- What is the date today?

   ???--- It's _________.

   ??A. Thursday ??????B. June the sixteenth ???C. the best day ????D. June fifteen

   20. She knows a lot about China as she has been to China ________.

   ???A. for the forth time ??????B. four times ?????C. a fourth time ????D. for four times

   ?1-5 ?CCACA ??6-10 BCBDA ??11-15 CCCDA ???16 –20 ?DBDBB

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