2020屆中考語(yǔ)法專練之?介詞講解及配套真題專練
一、介詞的種類
1）根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分類
簡(jiǎn)單介詞：即由一個(gè)詞構(gòu)成的單一介詞。如：for，at，in，on，of，to等。
復(fù)合介詞：即由兩個(gè)詞組合在一起的介詞，也稱合成介詞。
如：without，inside，outside，into，within
短語(yǔ)介詞：即由短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的介詞。如：because of，according to，thanks to等。
2）根據(jù)意義分類
表示地點(diǎn)的介詞：at，behind，beside，around，near，on，by，in front of，across等。
表示時(shí)間的介詞：about，at，after，before，by，during，in，over，past，since，until等。
表示原因的介詞：for，with，from等。
表示手段和方式的介詞：by，in，with等。
表示“除去”的介詞：but，except，besides等。
表示其他含義的介詞：about (關(guān)于，大約), on (關(guān)于), without (沒(méi)有), off (從……離開(kāi)),
instead of (代替), with (和)等。
二、. 介詞短語(yǔ)的功能
介詞和介詞賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可以在句子中作下列成分：
1）作表語(yǔ)：
She looks like an actress. 她看上去像演員。
What’s the book about? 這本書是講什么的？
2）作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：
A cold kept him in bed for a week. 感冒使他臥床一周。
I found my mother on the bus. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我媽媽在公交車上。
3）作狀語(yǔ)：
I will wait for you until tomorrow. 我等你到明天。
The teacher came into the classroom with a smile on her face.
那位老師面帶笑容進(jìn)了教室。
4）作定語(yǔ)：
A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見(jiàn)真情。
三、 中考經(jīng)?？疾榈膸捉M介詞的用法
1) 時(shí)間介詞：at/ in/ on
????表示具體的時(shí)間點(diǎn)（幾點(diǎn)鐘）前面用介詞at。
I usually get up at six in the morning. 我通常在早上六點(diǎn)起床。
注意：
at dinner time 在（吃）晚飯時(shí) at night 在夜間 at weekends / the weekend 在周末
表示在特定的日子、某月某日、星期幾、節(jié)日等時(shí)間的前面，或者某一天的早上、下午、晚上的前面用介詞on。
We can play football on Sunday. 我們可以在星期天踢足球。
They came to my house on a cold winter morning.
他們?cè)谝粋€(gè)寒冷的早晨來(lái)到了我家。
表示較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間段的名詞或短語(yǔ)前經(jīng)常用in，如在早上、下午、晚上；在某月某年等。
I was born in May. ?我出生在五月。
They came here in 1998. ?他們?cè)?/span>1998年來(lái)這里的。
What are you going to do in the winter holiday? ?寒假你打算做什么？
注意:
表示上午、下午或晚上的名詞前一般用介詞in，但是具體到某一天的上午、下午或晚上用介詞on。 in the morning 在上午 on Monday morning ?在星期一的上午
2）時(shí)間介詞：for，since
for 和since引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)都有延續(xù)之意。for +時(shí)間段表示“（延續(xù)）……之久”。since +時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示從過(guò)去某時(shí)延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間。
They have lived in China for ten years. 他們?cè)诒本┳×耸炅恕?/span>
She has worked here since last year. 從去年起她就在這里工作。
3）時(shí)間介詞：in，after
in+時(shí)間段表示從現(xiàn)在算起一段時(shí)間以后，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)；after+時(shí)間段表示從過(guò)去算起一段時(shí)間后，一般用于過(guò)去時(shí)。另外after后也可以接具體時(shí)間用于將來(lái)時(shí)。
He’ll be back in three hours. ????他三小時(shí)后回來(lái)。
He came back after three hours. ?三小時(shí)后，他回來(lái)了。
He’ll be back after 3 o’clock. ??他三點(diǎn)后會(huì)回來(lái)。
4) 方位介詞：at，in，on，to
表示在某一點(diǎn)的位置或者具體的位置用at。
We will have a picnic at the foot of mountain. 我們?cè)谏侥_下舉行野餐。
表示在某一個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)的方位用介詞in。
Shandong lies in the east of China. 山東省在中國(guó)的東部。（山東省在中國(guó)范圍之內(nèi)）
表示在某一個(gè)范圍之外的方位用介詞to。
Japan lies to the east of China. 日本在中國(guó)的東部。（日本在中國(guó)范圍之外）
表示兩者相互接觸，強(qiáng)調(diào)在同一條線或者同一個(gè)平面上用介詞on。
Shandong lies on the north of Jiangsu. 山東省在江蘇省的北部。（兩省接壤）
5) 地點(diǎn)介詞：in/on / under/ above / over/ below
表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的上面用介詞on。
There is a book on the desk. 課桌上有一本書。（書在課桌表面上）
表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的里面用介詞in。
There are some dumplings in the bowl. 碗里有一些水餃。（水餃在碗里面）
表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的下方，用介詞under。（一般為正下方）
There is a ball under the chair. 椅子下面有一個(gè)球。（球在椅子的下面）
below意思是“在……之下”，所指范圍較寬，不一定在某物的正下方。
From the plane, we could see the whole town below us.
?從飛機(jī)上我們可以看到下面城鎮(zhèn)的全貌。
表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的上方，并非有“垂直之上”的含義，用介詞above, 其反義詞為below。
His room is above ours. 他的房間在我們的上面。
表示一個(gè)物體在另一個(gè)物體的正上方用介詞over，有時(shí)有“覆蓋；越過(guò)”之意。
His room is over ours. 他的房間就是我們頭上的那間。
There is a big bridge over the river. 河上有一座大橋。（橋在河的上面）
6) 方位介詞between，among
between是表示在兩者之間；among表示在三者或者三者以上之間。
It’s a secret between you and I. 這是我和你之間的秘密。
There is a village among the trees.在樹(shù)林里面有一個(gè)小村莊。
7) 表示工具、手段、材料的in，by，with
in可以和表示某種語(yǔ)言的名詞連用表示“用某種語(yǔ)言”; 也可以表示用某種工具或者材料的意思。
Can you answer my question in English？
你能用英語(yǔ)回答我的問(wèn)題嗎？
Don’t write in pencil. Please write in ink.
不要用鉛筆寫，請(qǐng)用墨水寫。
by指使用的方法和手段，by和表示交通工具的名詞連用時(shí)，中間不用冠詞。
My father often goes to work by bus.
我爸爸經(jīng)常乘坐公共汽車去上班。
He made a living by selling newspapers.
他靠賣報(bào)為生。
with表示“借助于某種具體的工具或身體部位”。例如：
We write with our hands. 我們用手寫字。
I cut the cake with a knife. 我用刀子切開(kāi)了蛋糕。
8) 方位介詞across，through，past
表示從某一個(gè)物體的表面橫過(guò)、穿過(guò)用介詞across; 從某一個(gè)物體的里面或者一定范圍內(nèi)穿過(guò)、橫過(guò)用介詞through; 從旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)用past。
They swam across the river. ?他們游過(guò)了河。
The boys go through the forest quickly. ?這些男孩子快速地穿過(guò)樹(shù)林?！ ?/span>
They drove past a big supermarket. ?他們開(kāi)車經(jīng)過(guò)一家大超市。
9）except，besides
except表示“除……之外”其后的賓語(yǔ)是被排除在整體之外的。besides表示“除……之外”，其后的賓語(yǔ)是被包括在整體之內(nèi)的。
All the students took part in the sports meeting except Tom.
除了湯姆以外，其他的同學(xué)都參加了運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。（湯姆沒(méi)有參加）
We need three more boys besides Tom.
除了湯姆以外，我們還需要三個(gè)男同學(xué)。（我們也需要湯姆）
真題鏈接：
1. __________?the help of modern technology, scientists got a photo of a black hole.?(2019.江蘇淮安)
A. At ??????? B. In ???????? C. On ???????? D. With
2. We planted some flowers____________-the garden yesterday.?(2019.北京)
??????A. on ????????B. to ????????C. in ?????????D. of
3.--- Is that your headmaster??（2019福建）
--- You meanthe man blue?
A.on B.with C. in
4. Most of the villagers took part in the Dragon Boat races9:00 a. m. ?the morningof June 7.?(2019甘肅天水)
???????A. at; in ???????????????B. on ; on ?????????C. on ; in ????????D. at ;on
5.I want to learn a second foreign language ?English. (2019甘肅天水)
?????A.except ??B.beside ??C.besides ??D.exceptfor
6.I'm going out.?I'll?be?back_____an?hour. （2019甘肅敦煌)
???A.at ??????????B.?on ??????????C.?in ?????????????D.?from
7.I think tea will taste better ____ some milk in it. (2019廣東)
??A. for B. with C. from D. at
8．（1分）My brother joined the army_____September last year．（ 2019廣西百色 ）
A．on B．by C．at D．in
9．Is Mr Green at school？
﹣﹣﹣Sorry， I don't know． But you can call him ??????340﹣5261．(2019廣西貴港)
A．in B．With C．by D．at
10.. -When is your birthday, Li Fang? (2019 廣西 柳州)
-It's _____________ July 26.
A. on ??? B. to C. in
11. —Chinese government sent two pandas, Ruyi and Dingding, to Russia several days ago.
—The relationship ______China______Russia will be closer than before, I think. (2019廣西玉林)
A. both; and ??????B. not only; but also ????C. either; or ?????D. between; and
12. —Now China was set up in 1949.
—Every Chinese knows her 70th birthday is _____October 1, 2019. (2019廣西玉林)
A. in ?????B. at ????????C. on ?????????D. by
13．It's very important ????????us to make a plan before a new term begins．
(2019 貴州 黔南州)
A．of B．With C．By ??D．for
14．It's time______class． Lets go into the classroom．
﹣﹣﹣OK．(2019 海南)
A．for B．of C．in
15. This story is_________ simple English. My little sister can read it. (2019河北)
A. for???????????????????????? B. in?????????????????????????? C. with?????????????????????? D. by
16.—Shall I help you the street, Grandpa? (2019 河南)
—No, thanks. I can manage it myself.
A. on B. with C. across D. along
17.—When?will?the?movie?The?King?Lion《獅子王》?return?to?movie?theatres?
in?America?
—____ July.
?A. On ?? B.?At C.?In
18. Light comes in ________ the window. (2019黑龍江綏化)
A. across B. cross C. through
19. He wrote his phone number_______a piece ofpaper. （2019湖北武漢）
A. on ?????????????B. for C. in ???????????D. from
20. To my great joy, my family is always ________me whatever I decide to do. (2019 湖北孝感)
????A. behind ????????? B. to ???????????? C. from ?????????? D. against
21．Yesterday our headmaster made a speech ______ environmental protection, and we learned
something about recycling of waste. （2019湖南長(zhǎng)沙）
A．on B．at C．to
22. We will attend the junior high graduation ceremony _________June 21st, 2019. (2019湖南郴州)
A. in ??????????????????? B. at ?????????????????? C. on
23.---Excuse me. Where is the nearest bookstore? （2019吉林）
---Go ???????? Center Street and you' ll find it.
A. For ???????? B. along ???????? C. with
24. It’s been 100 years since the May Fourth Movement took place ?????May 4, 1919. （2019南通江蘇）
A. for ????????? B. in ?????? C. at ????????? D. on
25. Beijing Expo 2019 opened to the public ________ 29th April. It will last over five months. (2019江蘇宿遷)
A. at B. in C. on D. of
26. Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to Beijing!! And if you need any help, please call me
_________010-5558 6390. （2019江蘇泰州）
?
A. at ????????????? B. on ???????????? C. with ????????????? D. by
27. Let’s take a walk ___________ the river after diner, shall we?（2019江蘇無(wú)錫）
A. along B. through C. upon D. over
28. Ben was helping his mother when the rain began to beat heavily ________the windows. (2019呼和浩特)
??A. against ?????????B. across ????????C. above ????????????????????D. below
29. In the world, more than 30% of schools do not provide safe drinking water _________about
????570 million children. （2019山東臨沂）
????A. with ?????????????????? B. for ??????????????????? C. towards
30. –I want to watch TV the whole day after the long journey. (2019山東濱州)
???-You shouldn’t watch TV too much. It’s bad _________ your eyes.
A. on B. in C. for D. with
31. A marathon was held in Yancheng ____________21st April, which drew 12,000 runners. (2019江蘇鹽城)
?A. on B. in C. at D. by
32. Facial recognition （人臉識(shí)別） technology is widely used for payment. _____, we needn’t enter the passwords any more. (2019江蘇揚(yáng)州)
???A. For example ????B. As a result ????C. What’s worse ????D. What’s more
33. -Su Bingtian is the winner of the IAAF World Indoor Tour（國(guó)際田聯(lián)室內(nèi)巡回賽）
???- ___________________. He is a talented runner. (2019遼寧撫順)
A. Without doubt C. Once in a while B. For example D. All of a sudden
34.—Shall we stop and wait for others? (2019遼寧本溪)
—Sounds good. I think they will catch up______ a few minutes.
A. during ???B. after ???????C for ???D in
35.—Could you tell me how I can improve my English? (2019遼寧本溪)
—Sure. _______, you could speak it as much as possible.
A. After all B. In the end C. By the way D. First of all
36．We?are?going?to?have?a?party?______?the?evening?of?June?30th．（ 2019遼寧省葫蘆島）
37．As?students，we?must?study?hard．______，we?should?care?for?our?health．（2019遼寧省葫蘆島 ?。?/span>
|
A．At?the?same?time
|
B．On?the?one?hand
|
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C．All?in?all
|
D．In?the?end
|
38.Humans can not make progress▲dreams. （2019遼寧鐵嶺）
A.with ?????B.without ????C.through ?????D.about
39.I will go around the city of Dalian by light—rail vehicle（輕軌）▲subway because I
haven't taken it before. （2019遼寧鐵嶺）
A.instead of ????B.in the face of ??????C. along with ????D. across from
40. Change the information you read into a mind map. , you can remember it well and think of it later easily. （2019山西）
A. In this way B. At the same time C. On the other hand ?
41. —What time do you usually get up? (2019四川廣元)
—________ 7:00.
A. At B. In C. On
42.— When did Neil Armstrong walk on the moon? ( 2019四川內(nèi)江)
???—________July 20th, 1969.
A. In ?????B. At ????????C. For ?????????D. On
43.The worlds longest cross-sea bridge, Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge, openedOctober 24 2018.(2019云南昆明)
A.in ???????B.at ?????C.by ???????D.on
44. Whenever you need help, just call me. I can come at the drop of a hat. (2019云南昆明)
A.with a hat ???B.without a hat ???C.at once ???D.at a low speed
45. The instructions tell us everything ____________ about how to make the model ship. (2019浙江溫州)
A. by hand B. by chance ?????? C. in detail ??? D. in person
?
答案：1.DCCDC ?6.CBDDA ?11.DCDAB ?16.CCCAA ?21.ACBDC ?26.BADBC ?31.ABADD ?36.AABAA ?41.ADDCC
?
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