2018年英語中考歸納復(fù)習專題：非謂語動詞
【非謂語動詞】
非謂語動詞是指在句中充當除謂語以外的其他句子成分的動詞形式，可作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、補足語等，在句中起名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用。非謂語動詞包含三種形式：動詞不定式、動名詞和分詞(現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。
?
【動詞不定式】
1.動詞不定式的基本形式為：to+動詞原形，其否定形式為：not to+動詞原形。（要注意省略to的動詞不定式）
2.動詞不定式的用法
|
句法
|
功能說明
|
例句
|
|
作主語
|
常用it作形式主語，真正的主語是后置的不定式。常用句型:It?is+adj.+(of/for?sb.)to?do?sth.
|
To?swim?here?is?very?dangerous.=It?is?very?dangerous?to?swim?here.在這兒游泳很危險。
|
|
作表語
|
常位于be動詞之后。
|
My?job?is?to?clean?classrooms.我的工作就是打掃教室。
|
|
作賓語
|
一般只作某些動詞的賓語。
|
I?decide?to?go?on?a?trip?to?Beijing.我決定去北京旅游。
|
|
作賓語
補足語
|
在使役動詞make,let和感官動詞hear,see,watch等后，省略不定式符號to。
|
My?mother?allows?me?to?watch?TV?for?a?while?every?night.我媽媽允許我每晚看一會兒電視。
|
|
作定語
|
常放在所修飾詞的后面，作后置定語。
|
Do?you?have?anything?to?do?你有要做的事嗎？
|
|
作狀語
|
一般在句中作目的狀語、結(jié)果狀語和原因狀語。
|
We?get?up?early?every?morning?to?catch?the?early?bus.我們每天早上早起是為了趕上早班車。
|
|
與疑問詞
(what,how,
who,which,
when...）
構(gòu)成不定式
短語
|
在句中可作主語、賓語、表語等。
|
I?really?don’t?know?what?to?do?next.我真的不知道下一步該怎么辦。
|
巧記口訣：
常見的只跟不定式作賓語的動詞
決定學會有希望（decide,learn,wish,hope，expect）,
同意計劃莫假裝（agree，plan,pretend),
膽敢拒絕會失?。?/span>dare，refuse，fail)，
準備設(shè)法來幫忙（prepare,manage,help),
提供請求負擔起（offer，beg，afford)，
答應(yīng)安排理應(yīng)當(promise,arrange，be supposed)，
以上后跟不定式，勸君牢記永不忘。
【考點訓練1】
1.She volunteers there once a week ______ (help) kids learn _________ (read).
2.If a Swiss(瑞士人) invites you _________ (meet) him or her at noon，then you’re expected ______ (be) there at noon.
3.My brother always refuses _____ (let) me _____
(watch) my favorite TV show.
4.Lily plans ____ The Amazing Race(《極速前進》) tonight. （ ???）
A.watch ??????B.watches ???????C.to watch ??????D.watching
5.Our teacher tells us ____ in the street because it’s too dangerous. （ ?????）
A.not play soccer ??????????????????????B.not to play soccer
C.to not play soccer ??????????????????D.not playing soccer
答案：to help ?to read ?to meet ?to be ?to let ?watch C B
【動名詞】
1.動名詞由動詞的-ing形式構(gòu)成，其否定形式為：not+doing。
2.動名詞的用法
|
句法功能
|
說明
|
例句
|
|
作主語
|
單個動名詞作主語，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。
|
Playing?games?too?much?is?bad?for?your?study.游戲玩得太多不利于你的學習。
|
|
作?賓?語
|
動詞
賓語
|
表示一般的習慣性行為或經(jīng)常性的動作。
|
I?like?watching?TV?very?much.我很喜歡看電視。
|
|
介詞
賓語
|
要注意to在短語中作介詞的情況。
|
I?am?looking?forward?to?meeting?her.我盼望著和她見面。
|
|
作表語
|
多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)換為作主語。
|
Your?task?is?cleaning?the?windows.=?Cleaning?the?windows?is?your?task.你的任務(wù)就是擦窗戶。
|
|
作定語
|
只表明所修飾詞的用途等，位于所修飾詞之前。
?
|
I?bought?a?new?washing?machine?last?month.我上個月買了一臺新洗衣機。
|
巧記口訣：
常見的只跟動名詞作賓語的動詞（短語）
喜歡不斷提建議(enjoy,keep,suggest),
盼望習慣卻完畢(look forward to,be used to,finish),
想要花費去練習(feel like,spend,practice),
忍俊不禁還介意(can’t help,mind),
避免放棄不拖延(avoid,give up,put off),
忙于考慮很值得(be busy,consider,be worth),
以上后跟動名詞，一定要注意(pay attention to)。
要點提醒:
有些動詞（短語）后既可跟不定式也可跟動名詞，但意義有很大不同。如：
stop to do sth.停下來去做某事
?stop doing sth.停止做某事
remember to do sth.記住要做某事（動作未發(fā)生）
remember doing sth.記得做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）
forget to do sth.忘記做某事（動作未發(fā)生）
forget doing sth.忘記做過某事（動作已發(fā)生）
try to do sth.努力去做某事
try doing sth.試著去做某事
go on to do sth.做完一件事,接著去做另外一件事
go on doing sth.繼續(xù)不停地做某事
mean to do sth.打算、想做某事
mean doing sth.意味著做某事
need to do sth.需要去做某事（主動意義）
need doing sth.需要……(被動意義)
【考點訓練2】
1.The man only thought about _______ (save) a life when he jumped into the river.
2.Linda has finished __________ (read) the novel.
3.I was boiling _________ (drink) water when my mother came back last night.
4. _______ (do) eye exercises is good for our eyes.
5.—Jane’s spoken English is pretty good.
— Yeah，she works hard and practices ______ it both in and out of class. （ ?????）
A.spoke ????????????????????????????????B.speaks ?
C.speaking ????????????????????????????D.to speak
答案：saving ?reading ?drinking ?Doing ?C
分詞
1.分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞（-ing形式）和過去分詞（通常是ed形式）兩種。既可構(gòu)成時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)，又常作賓語、賓語補足語等句子成分。
2.分詞的用法
|
句法功能
|
說明
|
例句
|
|
|
作定語
|
單個分詞作定語常位于所修飾詞的前面，分詞短語作定語常位于所修飾詞的后面。現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動、進行意義，過去分詞表示被動、完成意義。
|
He?rushed?into?the?burning?house.他沖進著火的房子。
He?is?a?man?loved?by?all.他是一個受大家愛戴的人。
|
|
|
作狀語
|
現(xiàn)在分詞作伴隨狀語時，其邏輯主語就是句子的主語。
|
She?sat?down,listening?to?their?talk.她坐下來，聽他們的談話。
|
|
|
作表語
|
現(xiàn)在分詞表示主語的性質(zhì)、特征等；過去分詞表示某種狀態(tài)。
|
The?story?is?very?interesting.那個故事非常有趣。
I’m?interested?in?that?book.我對那本書感興趣。
|
|
作賓語
補足語
?
?
|
賓語與補足語為主動關(guān)系或表示動作正在進行用現(xiàn)在分詞；反之，為被動關(guān)系或動作已完成用過去分詞。
|
I?heard?a?little?boy?crying?in?the?small?house.我聽見有個小男孩正在小房子里哭泣。
?
|
【考點訓練3】
1.Snakes don’t have ears but can feel things __________ (move).
2.It is said that a Chinese ruler _______ (call) Shen Nong was the first to discover tea as a drink.
3.The boy _______（stand) by the door is my brother.
4.Advertising is a highly _________ （develop) industry.
5.If you want to make yourself ____________
（understand)，you’d better speak clearly and slowly.
-
I think it’s impolite to keep others __________ (wait)
答案：moving ?called ?standing ?developed ?understood ?waiting
【考題熱身】
1.I enjoy _________（read) Chinese ancient poems aloud to better understand them.
2.The girl expected all her classmates
_________（come) to her party.
3.He made the decision without
___________（think) twice.
4.The doctor did what he could
________（save) the patient’s life.
5.The boy has promised _____________（not play) computer games again.
6.My parents always ask me ____ more vegetables and fruit. （ ????）
A.eat ???????????B.eating ????????????C.to eat ???????????????D.eats
7.—Jack hasn’t taken his piano lessons for a long time.
—He is considering ___ his piano course and spending more time on his study. （ ?????）
A.to drop ????????????????????????????????????B.to throw
C.dropping ????????????????????????????????D.throwing
8.My favorite program is Readers.I think we should spend as much time as we can ____ in our spare time. （ ??????）
A.read ????????????????????????????????B.to read
C.reading ???????????????????????????D.to reading
9.A nurse ?Carolyn will look after the baby when his mother ____ away. （ ?????）
A.naming;is ?????????????????????????B.naming;will be
C.named;is ?????????????????????????D.named;will be
10.I look forward ___ you soon. （ ???）
A.see ??????????????????????????????????????B.seeing
C.to see ??????????????????????????????????D.to seeing
11.Doctors in the town are using the books ?_____ their studies and treat patients. （ ????）
A.continue ???????????????????????????????B.to continue
C.continuing ????????????????????????????D.continues
12.Dick ___ in America,but he has been ?Chinese food since he moved to China. （ ???）
A.used to live;used to eating
B.is used to live;used to eat
C.is used to live;used to eating
D.used to living;used to eat
13.Whenever we kids come over，Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ___ sure we don’t break anything. （ ????）
A.make ?????????B.made ????????C.to make ???????????D.making
14.The workers are busy ___ windows to the new building these days. （ ????）
A.fix ??????????????B.fixed ??????????C.fixing ???????????????D.to fix
15.—Jack，why have you decided _______ Chinese folk music as a course. （ ????）
—To learn more about Chinese culture.
A.take ??????????B.taken ??????????C.taking ?????????????D.to take
答案：reading ?to come ?thinking ?to save ?not to play ?C C C C D B A C C D
獲得更多試題及答案，歡迎聯(lián)系微信公眾號：ygjjcom
