英語(yǔ)重要語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
發(fā)布:11-05 10:20來(lái)源于:互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽次數(shù):3003次
語(yǔ)?態(tài)?分?類(lèi)
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài),主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如:
They?will?build?a?new?bridge?over?the?river.?(主動(dòng))A?new?bridge?will?be?built?over?the?river.?(被動(dòng))
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)部分構(gòu)成
助動(dòng)詞be +?及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)
一般地講,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),重點(diǎn)是要掌握be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例如下:
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)am / is / are +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.
2、一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was / were +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)am / is / are + being +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was / were + being +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(A) will / shall + be +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(B) am / is/ are + going to be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(1).would / should + be +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2).was / were +going to be +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have / has + been +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+?及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)You?must?hand?in?your?compositions(作文)?after?class.Your?compositions?must?be?handed?in?after?class.
沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況
不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài),如:rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)如:take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。The?fire?broke?out?in?the?capital?building.誤:The?fire?was?broke?out?in?the?capital?building.感官動(dòng)詞作系動(dòng)詞用,無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The cake smells nice.
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
一、三步驟1.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2.把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的“be+過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu);時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3.將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為介詞by之后的賓語(yǔ),放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后(有時(shí)可省略)。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞,在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in +?地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。
二、含直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況:1. 把間接賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),直接賓語(yǔ)仍保留原位;He gave the boy anapple.→The boy was givenan apple.2. 把直接賓語(yǔ)改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ),此時(shí),間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to或 for。He gave the boy anapple.→An apple wasgiven to the boy.Her father bought hera present.→?A present wasbought for her by her father.(注:一般在下列動(dòng)詞后,常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 to,如:bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。下列動(dòng)詞后,間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 for, 如:build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。)
三、帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+?賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí),一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ),而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。We call him Xiao Wang.→He is called XiaoWang.He cut his hair short.→His hair was cutshort.They told him to helpme.
四、在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to,但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to。We?often?hear?him?play?the?guitar.→He?is?often?heard?to?play?the?guitar.They watched thechildren sing that morning.
→The children werewatched to sing that morning.