英語(yǔ)重要語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)之被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
發(fā)布：11-05 10:20來(lái)源于：互聯(lián)網(wǎng)瀏覽次數(shù)：3003次
語(yǔ)?態(tài)?分?類(lèi)
英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：
They?will?build?a?new?bridge?over?the?river.?(主動(dòng))A?new?bridge?will?be?built?over?the?river.?(被動(dòng))
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)謂語(yǔ)部分構(gòu)成
助動(dòng)詞be +?及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)
一般地講，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)可用于英語(yǔ)的各種時(shí)態(tài)。為了能準(zhǔn)確地運(yùn)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，重點(diǎn)是要掌握be動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)變化。各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)舉例如下：
1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)am / is / are +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.
2、一般過(guò)去式的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was / were +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞His desk was cleaned just now.The station was built in 1928.
3、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)am / is / are + being +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.
4、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)was / were + being +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞A new factory was being built in our city at that time.Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.
5、一般將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(A) will / shall + be +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(B) am / is/ are + going to be +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.Some new factories will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.
6、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):(1).would / should + be +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞(2).was / were +going to be +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.
7、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)have / has + been +?動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞Some new factories have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)
含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是由“情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ be+?及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞”構(gòu)成。(1)You?must?hand?in?your?compositions（作文）?after?class.Your?compositions?must?be?handed?in?after?class.
沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊情況
不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。一些不及物動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to等。The?fire?broke?out?in?the?capital?building.誤：The?fire?was?broke?out?in?the?capital?building.感官動(dòng)詞作系動(dòng)詞用，無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。The cake smells nice.
主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的方法
一、三步驟1．把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的賓語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)。2．把主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的“be＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)；時(shí)態(tài)要與原句保持一致。3．將主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)改為介詞by之后的賓語(yǔ)，放在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之后（有時(shí)可省略）。如果原句主語(yǔ)是地點(diǎn)名詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中用in +?地點(diǎn)名詞作狀語(yǔ)。
二、含直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)的主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)有兩種情況：1. 把間接賓語(yǔ)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，直接賓語(yǔ)仍保留原位；He gave the boy anapple．→The boy was givenan apple．2. 把直接賓語(yǔ)改為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的主語(yǔ)，此時(shí)，間接賓語(yǔ)前要加介詞to或 for。He gave the boy anapple．→An apple wasgiven to the boy．Her father bought hera present．→?A present wasbought for her by her father.(注：一般在下列動(dòng)詞后，常在間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 to，如：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。下列動(dòng)詞后，間接賓語(yǔ)前用介詞 for, 如：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing 等。）
三、帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)(賓語(yǔ)+?賓補(bǔ))的動(dòng)詞改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，一般把主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中的賓語(yǔ)改為主語(yǔ)，而賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)保留在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后面。We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called XiaoWang．He cut his hair short．→His hair was cutshort．They told him to helpme．
四、在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等動(dòng)詞后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式都不帶 to，但改成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)后都帶to。We?often?hear?him?play?the?guitar.→He?is?often?heard?to?play?the?guitar.They watched thechildren sing that morning．
→The children werewatched to sing that morning.
