語法詳解
01
What time do you + V ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 問句:What time+do/does+主詞+原形動詞…?
? ? ? ? ? 答句:主詞(某人)+一般動詞…+時間。
說明︰ 此句型意為“某人幾點做某事?”助動詞 do 或 does 的選擇依主詞而定,若主詞為第三人稱單數(shù),用 does;其它用 do。
What time do you get up? I usually get up at six. ?你幾點起床?我通常六點起床。
What time does he go to bed? He usually goes to bed at ten.他幾點就寢?他通常十點就寢。
What time does your class begin? It begins at eight-ten. 你的課幾點開始?八點十分開始。
02What day is today?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 問句:What day is today?
? ? ? ? ? 答句:It’s+Sunday/Monday/…。
說明︰ 此句型意為“今天是星期幾?今天是星期日/星期一/…?!眎t可用于指“星期的名稱”,但 this或 that 不可以;一星期七天的名稱,都是專有名詞,開頭的首字母要大寫,前面不加冠詞。
What day is today? It’s Sunday. ? 今天是星期幾?今天是星期日。
What day is today? It’s Wednesday. ? 今天是星期幾?今天是星期三。、
What day is today? It’s Saturday. ? 今天是星期幾?今天是星期六。
03How many N are there ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 問句:How many+復數(shù)名詞+are there in/on+名詞?
? ? ? ? ?答句:There is/are+單數(shù)(復數(shù))名詞+in/on+名詞。
說明︰ 此句型意為“在某處有多少……?在某處有…。”該句型中,many 修飾復數(shù)名詞;又因本句型是疑問句,故用 are there,不可用 there are。
How many seasons are there in a year? There are four seasons in a year.
一年有幾個季節(jié)?一年有四季。
How many days are there in a week? There are seven days in a week.
一星期有幾天?一星期有七天。
How many lessons are there in this book? There are twelve lessons in this book.
這本書里有幾課?這本書里有十二課。
04How many ... do you have?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 問句:How many+復數(shù)名詞+do/does+主詞+have?
????????? ?答句:主詞+have/has…+復數(shù)名詞+…。
????????? ?答句:主詞+don’t/doesn’t have…+復數(shù)名詞…。
說明︰ “How many”后面接復數(shù)可數(shù)名詞,復數(shù)名詞的前面可用 many,a lot of,a few,some,few,any,no 等修飾。
How many books do you have? I have a lot of books. (I don’t have any books.)
你有幾本書?我有許多書。(我沒有書。)
How many sweaters do you have? I have three sweaters. (I don’t have any sweaters.)
你有幾件毛衣?我有三件毛衣。(我沒有毛衣。)
How many friends does she have? She has a lot of friends. (She doesn’t have many friends.)她有幾個朋友?她有許多朋友。(她沒有許多朋友。)
05How much ... do you have?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 問句:How much+單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞+do/does+主詞+have?
? ? ? ? ? ?答句:主詞+have/has…+單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞。
? ? ? ? ? ?答句:主詞+don’t/doesn’t have…+單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞。
說明︰ “How much”后面接單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞,單數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞前面可用 much, a little,some,little,any,no 等修飾。
How much tea does he have? He has a lot of tea. (He doesn’t have any tea.)?
他有多少茶?他有很多茶。(他沒有茶。)
How much homework do they have? They have a lot of homework.(They don’t have much homework.)
他們有多少家庭作業(yè)?他們有許多家庭作業(yè)。(他們沒有許多家庭作業(yè)。)
How much fruit do they have? They have a lot of fruit. (They don’t have a lot of fruit.)
他們有多少水果?他們有許多水果。(他們沒有許多水果。)
06How much do(es)... cost?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ How much do(es)+某物+cost…?
說明︰ 此句型意為“某物值多少錢?”。how much 用來詢問商品的價格。還可以寫作:“How much+ be 動詞+某物?”。
How much does this computer cost? (=How much is this computer?)這部電腦值多少錢?
How much do the vegetables cost? ?這些蔬菜值多少錢?
How much do the movie tickets cost? ?這些電影票值多少錢?
07Did ... V ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ Did+主詞+原形動詞+…過去時間?
說明︰ 將肯定句中的過去式改為“Did+原形動詞”,并將 Did 放在句首,句尾用問號,即構(gòu)成過去式的疑問句。
Did Sue have her breakfast at eight? ?蘇在八點鐘吃過早餐了嗎?
08Do you ever + V ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 問句:Do/Does+主詞+ever+原形動詞…?
? ? ? ? ? ?答句:No,主詞+never+一般動詞(加s或es)…。
說明︰ ever 通常用于疑問句,never 通常用于否定回答;never 也可放在句首,后接原形動詞,形成否定祈使句,如例句4。
Do you ever use a computer? No, I never use a computer.?
你曾經(jīng)使用電腦嗎?不,我未曾使用過電腦。
Does Tom ever get up late? No, Tom never gets up late.
湯姆曾經(jīng)晚起床嗎?不,湯姆未曾晚起床過。
Does Sally ever play the piano? No, Sally never plays the piano.
薩莉曾經(jīng)彈鋼琴嗎?不,薩莉未曾彈過鋼琴。
Never be late for school, Bill. ?比爾,上學絕不可遲到。
09What year was he born in?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ What date/year+was/were+主詞+born+on/in?
說明︰ 此句型意為“你出生于幾月幾日(那一年)?”。born 是原形動詞bear 的過去分詞,在文法上當形容詞,前面常有 was 或 were;中文說“某人出生”,英語應說:“某人+was/were born…”。
What year were you born in? ?你出生于那一年?
What date was your mother born on? ?你母親出生于幾月幾日?
010What will you do on ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ What will/did+主詞+do+on+時間?
說明︰ 此句型意為“某人在某時間將做什么?(未來式)某人在某時做了什么事?(過去式)”。指特定的日期(如幾月幾日)、星期幾或星期幾的早上(下午,晚上),要用介系詞on。
What will they do on Christmas Eve? ?他們在圣誕夜將做什么事?
What will Helen do on her birthday? ?海倫在她生日那天將做什么事?
What did Mary do on Youth Day? ?瑪麗在青年節(jié)做了什么事?
What did the suspect do on July ninth? ?嫌疑犯在七月九日做了什么事情?
011How do you + V ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 問句:How+do+主詞+一般動詞…?
? ? ? ? ? 答句:主詞+一般動詞…+情狀副詞。
說明︰ How 是問情況的疑問副詞,表示“怎樣…?”。用于說明“狀態(tài)或性質(zhì)”的副詞,稱為情狀副詞。當用來修飾不及物動詞時,情狀副詞位于其后;當用來修飾及物動詞時,情狀動詞位于及物動詞的前面或后面。
How did you do your work? I did my work happily.
你怎樣做你的工作?我很快樂地做了我的工作。
How did Mrs. Lin look at Mr. Lin? She looked at Mr. Lin coldly.
林太太怎樣注視林先生?她冷漠地注視林先生。
How does Mr. Wang drive his taxi? He drives his taxi carefully.
王先生怎樣駕駛他的計程車?他小心地駕駛他的計程車。
012You are ...,aren’t you?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 肯定句,+否定式助動詞+主詞?
說明︰ 這是一種反意疑問句,其結(jié)構(gòu)特點是:第一部分是肯定式,第二部分就用否定式。直述句的主詞是名詞時,附加問句的主詞要用代名詞代替:it 代替 this,that,不定詞(當主詞)或動名詞(當主詞)等;they 代替 these,those, people 等。
下列助動詞的否定縮寫式較易弄錯:will not->won’t;would not-> wouldn’t;should not->shouldn’t;can not->can’t;could not->couldn’t;might not->mightn’t;ought not->oughtn’t。直述句有一般動詞現(xiàn)在式,則附加問句用 do 或 does 代替;有一般動詞過去式,則附加問句用 did 代替。
They’re ready, aren’t they?(讀降調(diào))他們準備好了吧?(讀升調(diào))他們準備好了,不是嗎?
Mike has a car, doesn’t he?(讀降調(diào))麥克有輛車,是吧?(讀升調(diào))麥克有輛車,不是嗎?
The secretary typed the letter, didn’t she? ? 是秘書打了這封信,不是嗎?
They will go to Europe, won’t they? ? 他們將去歐洲,不是嗎?
You are the teacher, aren’t you? 你就是老師,不是嗎?
I suppose you have been in our woods, haven’t you?我推想你在我們的森林里呆過,不是嗎?
I know he had a good time last night, didn’t he? 我知道他昨天晚上玩得很愉快,不是嗎?
The wall plug is broken, isn’t it? ? 墻上的插座壞了,不是嗎?
Clean parks are beautiful, aren’t they? ?干凈的公園是美麗的,不是嗎?
You can do it, can’t you? ?? 你會做它,不是嗎?
We should rise early, shouldn’t we? ? 我們應該早起,不是嗎?
013He isn’t ..., is he?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 否定句,+肯定式助動詞+主詞?
說明︰ 這是另一種反意疑問句。否定結(jié)構(gòu)在第一部分,第二部分就要用肯定結(jié)構(gòu)。對反意疑問句的回答和對否定式一般疑問句一樣,要看答句。
He isn’t a manager, is he? -- Yes, he is. (No, he isn’t.)
他不是經(jīng)理,是吧?--不,他是經(jīng)理。(是的,他不是經(jīng)理。)
Mike doesn’t have a car, does he? ?麥克沒有車,是嗎?
The secretary didn’t type the letter, did she? 秘書沒有打過這封信,是嗎?
They won’t go to Europe, will they? 他們不會去歐洲,是嗎?
You aren’t the teacher, are you? ?你不是老師,是嗎?
I don’t think he can answer the question, can he? ?我想他無法回答這個問題,是嗎?
014What in the world ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 疑問詞+in the world/on earth/ever+其他
說明︰ 此句型意為“究竟…?到底…?”。這是特殊疑問句的強調(diào)說法。in the world,on earth 和 ever是強調(diào)疑問詞的片語。
How in the world will he do it? 他到底將如何做這件事?
What in the world do you mean? 你的意思究竟是什么?
How on earth did you know it? 你到底是怎么知道的?
Who on earth told you that? ?那件事究竟是誰告訴你的?
Where ever did you lose it? ?你到底在哪兒丟的呀?
What in the world are they hoping for? 他們到底想要什么?
015Are you ... or ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 一般疑問句(讀升調(diào))+or+一般疑問句(讀降調(diào))
說明︰ 此句型意為“是…還是…?"。這是選擇疑問句,前面都是一般疑問句,后面的問句如與前面有相同的部分,都可以省略。
Shall we come to see you or will you come to see us? 是我們來找你們,還是你們來找我們?
Are you from the America or from the England? ? 您是美國人還是英國人?
Will he go on Monday or on Tuesday? ? 他是星期一走還是星期二走?
Would you like coffee or tea? ? 你是要咖啡還是茶?
016What ..., + A or B?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 特殊疑問句(讀降調(diào)),+A(讀升調(diào))or B(讀降調(diào))
說明︰ 這種選擇疑問句使用得相當廣泛,其特點是:前面的特殊疑問句已經(jīng)明確地指出了要問的內(nèi)容,再補充幾項具體事物讓對方做出肯定的答復。其語調(diào)是“降-升-降”調(diào)。
What would you like - coffee or tea? ? 你要什么?咖啡還是茶?
Which would you rather to buy - silk or cotton? ?您想買什么?絲還是棉?
Where did you go: to Tianjin or to Beijing? ?您去了哪里?天津還是北京?
When will you go to the Fair, tomorrow or some other day?你何時去交易會?明天還是另找哪一天?
017... what/which ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 主要子句+疑問詞(what/how/which/why 等)+子句
說明︰ 這是間接疑問句。疑問詞后面的語句采用正常詞序,不采用特殊疑問句所用的倒裝詞序。全句末尾大多用句點,但也有用問號的。直接問句改為間接問句或間接句時,原先的疑問句要改為肯定句或否定句的順序;助動詞如 will,should,would, must,may,can 等,須照抄,不可去掉;助動詞如 do,does,did,必須去掉,再將它后面的原形動詞改為適當?shù)男问健?/span>
I’d like to know how old the manager is. ? 我想知道經(jīng)理有多大年紀。
He inquired how it was done. ? 他問這事做得怎么樣了。
Please advise me which item I should buy. ? 請問我該先買哪個品種。
Tell me why it is so important? ? 告訴我為什么此事這么重要?
They do not know what the words mean. ?他們不知道這些字的意思是什么。
Tell me what happened yesterday. ?告訴我昨天所發(fā)生的事。
What they talked about is what we want to know. 他們談論什么是我們所想要知道的事。
She washed her hair every night and measured how much it grew in a week.
她每晚洗頭發(fā),而且量量看一星期長多少。
You will never know how much your encouragement meant to me.你絕不會知道你的鼓勵對我多么有意義。
018... whether/if ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 主要子句+whether/if+子句
說明︰ 此句型意為“…是否…”。口語中使用 if 較為普遍。如果子句中帶有 or not 等詞,則只能用 whether;另外,whether 不能引導否定的間接疑問句,而 if 則可以。
He asked me the question whether the price was too high. ?他問我價格是否太高。
They asked him whether the quality is fine or not. ?他們問他質(zhì)量是否好。
Tell me whether you like this color. ?告訴我你喜不喜歡這種顏色。
Tell me if it doesn’t rain. ?告訴我是否下不了雨。
Ask him if it is true. ? 問他那是不是真的。
I wonder if he is in the school. ?我想知道他是否在學校。
019Do you know if/where ...
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 一般疑問句+疑問詞(what/where/when 等)+子句
說明︰ 此句為雙重疑問句。疑問詞后面采用正常詞序,不用倒裝詞序。
Can you tell me where the teacher has gone? ?你能告訴我老師到哪里去了嗎?
Have you any idea where he comes from? ?他是哪里人,您知道不知道?
Do you know if they like this new item? ?你知道他們是否喜歡這個新品種?
Do you know who wants to go with me? ?你知道誰想跟我一起去嗎?
Do you know when the train will leave? ?你知道火車何時開嗎?
Can you tell me how much you earn a month? 你能告訴我你一個月賺多少嗎?
020He is ..., is he?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ 肯定式陳述句+肯定式反問句
說明︰ 這種疑問句型的前后一致,都是肯定式結(jié)構(gòu)。后一部分進一步強調(diào)前一部分的內(nèi)容,是不需要回答的一種修辭方式。
We are old friends, not strangers, right? ? 我們是老朋友了,不是陌生人,是嗎?
He’s a capable businessman, is he? ? 他是一位很有能力的業(yè)務員,可不是嗎?
So you come importing Chinese textiles, do you? ?原來你是來進口中國紡織品的,是么?
So you’ve been to Shanghai, have you? 原來你去過上海,是吧?
021... what ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ …疑問詞(在句中任何位置上)…
說明︰ 疑問詞不是位于句子開頭,而是在句子中任何位置上,這種方法十分簡單,因此在口語中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)。
Two times what number makes ten? ?什么數(shù)的兩倍是十?
You will go where? ? 你要到哪里去?
You are twenty-what this year? ? 你今年二十幾歲?
He’s your who? ?他是你什么人?
022What/How about + N/V-ing?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ What/How about+名詞/動名詞?
說明︰ 此句型意為“…如何?”。這是征求對方意見或提議的委婉說法。
What about the name Smith? ?史密斯這個名字怎么樣?
What about going to a movie? ?去看場電影如何?
What about lending me some money? ? 借點錢給我如何?
How about the others? ?剩余的怎么樣?
How about a drink? ?來一杯吧?
How about a cup of coffee at a nearby coffee shop? ?去附近的咖啡屋喝杯咖啡吧?
023What if ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ What if+主詞+動詞
說明︰ 此句型意為“如果…的話怎么辦呢?”。但經(jīng)常用于反語,有時也變成“即使…也沒關(guān)系”之意。
What if it is true? ? 如果這是真的又該如何呢?
What if he doesn’t agree? ?如果他不同意該怎么辦呢?
What if he comes back now? ?如果他現(xiàn)在回來怎么辦?
What if the boy’s parents should die? ?如果那男孩的父母死了該怎么辦呢?
What if I fail! ?即使我失敗了又怎樣!
024What ... for?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ What+助動詞+主詞+動詞…+for?
說明︰ 此句型意為“為什么…?”。相當于“For what…?”
What are you running for? ?你為什么在跑步?
What do you want it for? ? 你為什么要那個?
What did they go there for? ?他們?yōu)槭裁慈ツ抢铮?/span>
025How else ...?
結(jié)構(gòu)︰ How else+助動詞+主詞+助動詞?
說明︰ 此句型意為“…還有別的方法嗎?”。
How else should a father in this modern world express his affection and concern for his own son? ?現(xiàn)代這個世界上,父親還應該有別的方法來對自己的兒子表示愛護和關(guān)心嗎?
How else can the doctor save him? ? 醫(yī)院還有別的方法可以救他嗎?
How else can I apologize for her? ? 我還能有別的方法可以向她道歉嗎?