一
單選解題方法
1.?直接法
直接利用相關(guān)語法知識,通過題干中的已供信息,捕捉到解題線索,從而得出正確答案的解題方法。例:
——Will?you?come?to?the?net?bars(網(wǎng)吧)with?me?
——Sorry. My mother always tells me?? ? ??there.
A. not go
B. go
C. not to go
D. to go
【解析】根據(jù)句意可知此題考查動詞不定式的否定形式,即tell sb. not to do sth.,故此題應(yīng)選C。
2. 關(guān)鍵詞法
許多題目中都有這樣一些詞,它們對于快速而準(zhǔn)確地判定答案起著至關(guān)重要的作用。我們稱這些詞為關(guān)鍵詞key words。找到句中的關(guān)鍵詞,也就找到了解題的突破口,例:
He?hardly?hurt?himself?in?the?accident,?????????????
A. didn't he
B. did he
C. does he
【解析】該題中hardly與hurt是起關(guān)鍵詞作用的。凡陳述部分含有hardly, never, little, few等否定意義的詞時,反意疑問句用肯定形式;而hurt一詞的過去式與原形相同,此處hurt未加s,應(yīng)為過去式。因此本題答案B是正確的。
3. 類推法
如果對題目的備選答案沒有十分把握或把握很小,不妨利用"如果A對,那么B也對"的類推法,從而可將A、B予以否定,例:
——Who's the man at the door?
——?? ? ? ? ? ? ? .
A. He is a doctor
B. He is a friend of mine
C. He is a famous singer
D. He is twenty
【解析】仔細(xì)分析備選答案就可發(fā)現(xiàn):A、C選項針對的是"職業(yè)"。若A是對的,那么C也會是對的。D回答的是年齡。故惟有B才是正確的。
4. 前后照應(yīng)法
此方法多用于兩個以上句子或?qū)υ捫问矫}的題目。解題前透徹理解,然后聯(lián)系上下文,捕捉隱含信息,方能準(zhǔn)確找出答案,例:
——He isn't a teacher, is he?
——?? ? ? ? ? ??.?He works in a hospital.
A. Yes, he is
B. No, he isn't
C. Yes, He isn't
D. No, he is
【解析】本題考查否定句的反意疑問句的回答。由后半句的回答,我們知道"他"的身份不是教師;對反意疑問句的回答要根據(jù)實(shí)際情況。因此應(yīng)選擇的是B。
5. 排除法
根據(jù)題干提供的信息,先把一眼就看出的干擾項排除,縮小選擇范圍,然后將剩余的選項填入空白處進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn),辨別真?zhèn)?,例?/span>
The girl asked the teacher?? ? ? ? ??.
A. what does the museum looks like
B. what did the museum look like
C. what the museum looks like
D. what the museum looked like
【解析】本題主要考查賓語從句中的語序及時態(tài)的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。主句動詞是過去時,從句的謂語動詞也應(yīng)是過去時的某種時態(tài),故A、C被排除。而B中有詞序錯誤,所以D為正確答案。
6. 交際法
此方法可用交際用語,聯(lián)系上下文直接解題,例:
——Would you like to have another cup of tea?
——?? ? ? ? ? ?.
A. Yes, I do
B. Not al all
C. No, thanks
D. Help yourself
【解析】本題主要考查簡答交際用語的應(yīng)答。對別人的邀請,如果表示不接受時,應(yīng)委婉說出,不能斷然拒絕。因此,選C是最佳答案。
二
思維定式解題誤區(qū)
思維定勢,指的是我們習(xí)慣性的思維方式。學(xué)生在做題時往往會受固定搭配,習(xí)慣用法等思維方式的影響,憑著經(jīng)驗(yàn)或感覺快速解題。
當(dāng)然,這有利于提高解題速度,但有時也會把學(xué)生的思維引向“歧路”?,F(xiàn)舉例分析,以引起大家注意。如:
1. Shanghai is larger than ___________ city in Jiangsu.
A. any
B. any other
C. other
D. one
【解析】仔細(xì)分析該題,就會發(fā)現(xiàn)本句中兩個比較的雙方Shanghai和Jiangsu是“相互不包含”關(guān)系。此句實(shí)際是Shanghai與Jiangsu的任一個城市進(jìn)行比較,故選A。
2. There are a lot __________ apples in this basket than in that one.
A.most
B.more
C.of
D.much
【解析】此題學(xué)生往往會受短語a lot of的影響而選C,仔細(xì)研讀該題則會發(fā)現(xiàn)此句是一個比較句型,句中的a lot實(shí)際上是用來修飾比較級的,該題的正確答案為B。
3. What did you ___________ at the meeting yesterday?
A.speak
B.tell
C.say
D.talk
【解析】這道題學(xué)生一看會根據(jù)“在會上發(fā)言,speak at the meeting”這一短語而選A。實(shí)際上這一句的意思是“你昨天在會上講什么了?”疑問詞what在句中作動詞say的賓語,指說的內(nèi)容,故選取答案C。
4. The bus is coming. Let's___________.
A. get it on
B. get it off
C. get on it
D. get it off
【解析】此題容易受“動詞+副詞”短語的影響,把代詞放在此結(jié)構(gòu)的中間,而選答案A。表示上/下車時,此時on/off是介詞,需要把代詞放在on/off的后面,所以答案為C。
5. I'd heard a lot _________England. Some things were as I thought.
A. of
B. about
C. to
D. for
【解析】此題表面一看很簡單,根據(jù)短語a lot of 選答案A。再看看句意,“我聽說許多英國”,則發(fā)現(xiàn)正確答案為B,意為“聽到很多有關(guān)英國的情況,有些正如我想的一樣”。
6. ——Must I finish the work before five o'clock?
——No. You ___________ finish it before eight.
A. mustn't
B. needn't
C. can't
D. can
【解析】對must引導(dǎo)的一般疑問句否定回答常用No,you needn't.結(jié)構(gòu)。但細(xì)細(xì)分析本句,就可以從標(biāo)點(diǎn)看出No和它后面的部分實(shí)為兩個句子,結(jié)合句意,可知答案為D。
7. There ________a film tomorrow evening.
A. will have
B. have
C. is going to be
D. has
【解析】此句意思很明顯,“明天晚上有電影”?!坝小币资軡h語影響而選答案A。實(shí)際上本句應(yīng)用There be句型,應(yīng)選擇C。
三
解題的注意事項
1. 認(rèn)真地閱讀題干,哪怕是不需要填空的句子。
2. 熟記語法知識、固定短語、習(xí)慣用法。
3. 注意區(qū)分同(近)意詞、同(近)意短語。
4. 學(xué)會尋找并發(fā)現(xiàn)題目中的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)或隱含信息。
5. 注意解題方法的熟練運(yùn)用
單項選擇題的解題技巧和方法有很多種。但是,并不是一個題目只能運(yùn)用一種方法,有時需要兩種方法同時運(yùn)用,這就需要熟練掌握各種方法的特點(diǎn),以便能靈活運(yùn)用。
解單項選擇題還需靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識,對句子的結(jié)構(gòu)和意義加以合理的分析和理解,這樣才能得出正確答案。
易錯題匯總
1.?________?it?is?today!
A. What fine weather?
B. What a fine weather?
C. How a fine weather?
D. How fine a weather
解析:選A. 此題容易誤選B. weather是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能有不定冠詞。英語中經(jīng)??疾榈牟豢蓴?shù)名詞有work, news, adivice, information等。
2.?Which?is?the?way?to?the?__________?
A. shoe factory?
B. shoes factory?
C. shoe’s factory?
D. shoes’ factory
解析:選A. 此題極易誤選B, C, D. 英語中名詞單數(shù)可以修飾名詞,如:an apple tree—two apple trees. 但注意 a man teacher—two men teachers。
3. This class ________ now. Miss Gao teaches them.
A. are studying?
B. is studying?
C. be studying?
D. studying
解析:選A. 此題容易誤選B. class, family, team等單詞如果表示整體謂語就用單數(shù),表示個體就用復(fù)數(shù),從語境及其后面的代詞them可以看出,class表示個體,故選擇A。
4. We will have a _________ holiday after the exam.
A. two month?
B. two-month?
C. two month’s?
D. two-months
解析:選擇B. 此題容易誤選C, D. 在英語中數(shù)詞中間用連字符號加名詞單數(shù),構(gòu)成符合名詞,在句中只能作定語, 如果選擇C, 需要把逗號放s后面。
5. There is no enough ________ on the corner to put the table.
A. place?
B. room?
C. floor?
D. ground
解析:選B. 此題最容易誤選A.。room在句中是空間而非房間。句意:角落里沒有擺桌子的空間了。
6. We can have _____ blue sky if we create _____ less polluted world.
A. a; a?
B. a; the?
C. the; a?
D. the; the
解析:選A. 此題容易誤選C, D. 根據(jù)句意:如果我們創(chuàng)造一個沒有污染的世界,那么我們就用一個藍(lán)色的天空。
7.?—?Are?you?________?American?or?English??
— English. We are working in Wuhu.?
A. a?
B.不填
C. the?
D. an
解析:選B 此題容易誤選D. 句中American是形容詞而非名詞,如果句中改為Are you __________ or an English man? 就選擇D。
8.?You?like?playing?basketball,?and?he?likes?running,?_______?
A. don’t you?
B. doesn’t he?
C. do you?
D. does he
解析:選擇B. 此題容易誤選A. 其實(shí)不是對前面的句中進(jìn)行反問,而是對he likes running進(jìn)行反問。
9.?—Why?not?take?____?umbrella?with?the?sign?“?Made?in?China”??It?is?_____?useful?umbrella.
—What?_______?good?advice?it?is!
A. an; an; a?
B. an; a; ?不填
C. a; an; a?
D. 不填; an; a
解析:選B. 大多數(shù)學(xué)生容易做錯此題。記住an用在元音音素前而不是元音字母前,記住了這一點(diǎn)就知道了an umbrella 和a useful umbrella. 在最后一句中advice是不可數(shù)名詞,前面不能接不定冠詞。故選擇B。
10.?—When?shall?we?meet?again?next?week??
— ____ day is possible. It’s no problem with me.
A. Either?
B. Neither?
C. Every?
D. Any
解析:此題非常難,選D. 下周任何一天都可以再次見面。Any在肯定句中意思是“任何的”。下周有七天容易排除A, B. 如果把next week 改為next Monday or Tuesday, 則必須選擇A。
11. Robert has gone to ____ city and he’ll be back in a week.
A. other?
B. the other?
C. another?
D. any other
解析:選C. 三個以上另外一個用another, other一般情況下修飾名詞復(fù)數(shù), the other表示兩個中的另外一個,any other任何別的。句意:羅伯特去了另一個城市,一周后回來。
12.—A latest magazine, please.?
—Only?one?left.?Would?you?like?to?have?________?
A. it?
B. one?
C. this?
D. that
解析:選A. 此題容易誤選B. 根據(jù)句意:— 買一份最新報紙,—只剩下一份了,你要買這份嗎?據(jù)此我們知道指的就是手里的那份報紙,并不是同一類事物。
13.?—Which?book?would?you?like?to?borrow??
—_______ of the two books is OK with me.
A. Either?
B. Both?
C. Any?
D. None
解析:選A. 此題容易誤選B. 根據(jù)two books好容易排除C, D. 從謂語動詞單數(shù)is 我們排除B。故選擇A。
14. Mrs. Lee teaches ________ math. We all like her.
A. we?
B. us?
C. our?
D. ours
解析:選B. 考查學(xué)生對teach sb sth。的掌握情況。此題容易誤選C. 誤選C的學(xué)生是看見后面有名詞math, 思維定勢名詞前面必須用形容詞性物主代詞。
15. There are many trees on ________ side of the street.
A. either?
B. any?
C. all?
D. both
解析:選A. 此題容易誤選D. 街道只有兩邊,排除B, C. both后面接復(fù)數(shù),on either side of the strreet等于on the both sides of. 。如果選擇D. side必須用復(fù)數(shù)形式。
16.________?is?the?population?of?the?city?
A. How many?
B. What?
C. How many people?
D. How much
解析:B. 此題容易誤選A, C. 人口多少用What. 相當(dāng)于How many people are there in the city?
17.?—Why?don’t?we?take?a?little?break??
—?Didn’t?we?just?have?_______??
A. it?
B .that?
C. one?
D. this
解析:選 C. 同類事物用one. 句意:—為什么我們不休息一會兒?—剛才我們不是才休息嗎?
18. The teacher asked the boy many questions,but he only answered___ of them.
A.some?
B.lots?
C.each?
D.few
解析:A. 此題會誤選D. 但前面有only, 如果去掉副詞則選D。
19.About ______ the fans are waiting here. They want to see the great singer.
A. two thousand of?
B.two thousand?
C.thousand of?
D.two thousands of
解析:選D. 此題極容易選錯,誤認(rèn)為是B. 但two thousand后面直接接名詞復(fù)數(shù),不能有冠詞the, 句意是:歌迷中大約有2000人在那里等,想看看這位偉大的歌星。
20.?—How?many?apples?do?I?have?
?— You can have ______. I want none of them.
A. one?
B. all?
C. both?
D.some
解析:選B. 學(xué)生易誤選A , D. 其實(shí)如果沒有I want none of them這句話,四個答案都是對的。從句意:我一個也不想要,就知道你可以吃所有蘋果。
21.Japan is ________ the east of China. Taiwan is ____ the southeast of China.
A. in; in
B. to; in?
C. on ; to?
D. in; to
解析:選B. 日本位于中國東部(外面)用to, 臺灣位于中國東部(內(nèi)部)用in。
22.The postman shouted, “ Mr Green, here is a letter ________ you.”
A. to?
B. from?
C. for?
D. of
解析:選C. 介詞的考查。句意:Mr Green, 這是你的信。學(xué)生容易誤選A。
23.He hasn’t heard from his friend __________ last month.
A. since?
B. by the end of?
C. for?
D. until
解析:A. 此題學(xué)生容易受思維定勢not… until…的影響誤選D。since用于現(xiàn)在完成時,如果此題是一般過去時就選擇D。
24.—Jimmy lost his key yesterday.
—________??It’s?his?third?time?in?just?one?month.
A. Has he?
B. Did he?
C. Was he?
D. Does he
解析:B. 根據(jù)上一句一般過去時可以判斷。
25.You’ve passed the exam. I’m happy ______ you.
A. on?
B. at?
C. in?
D. for
解析:選D. 句意:你考試及格了,我為你高興。
26. I wonder ________ they finished so many different jobs in such a short time.
A. why?
B. how?
C. when?
D. where
解析:選B. 句意:我想知道他在如此短的時間內(nèi)是怎樣完成這么多不同工作的。
27.?—Ought?I?to?go?right?now??
—_________.
A. That’s very bad.?
B. Yes, you go ought to?
C. Yes, you ought?
D. No, you ought not to
解析:選D. 句子的肯定回答為:Yes, you ought to. 否定回答為:No, you ought not to.
28. I don’t know when he ________. When he _______ here, I’ll call you in a minute.
A. will come; will arrive?
B. comes; arrices?
C. will come; arrives?
D. comes; will arrive
解析:選C. 第一句是賓語從句根據(jù)語境用一般將來時,第二句是時間狀語從句,由于主句是一般將來時,那么從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時來代替。
29. He turned ________ the radio a little because his father was asleep.
A. on?
B. down?
C. up?
D. off
解析:選B. 此題學(xué)生會誤選D. 但后面有個副詞短語a little, 故選擇B, 意為:把收音機(jī)調(diào)小一點(diǎn),父親在睡覺。如果去掉a little則選擇D。
30. I don’t know the homework _______ today.
A. on?
B. in?
C. of?
D. for
解析:選D. 句意:我不知道今天的家庭作業(yè)。
31.?—Would?you?like?some?coffee?
—Yes, and please get me some milk. I prefer coffee _____ milk.
A. with?
B. to?
C. of?
D. on
解析:A. 此題學(xué)生極易受思維定勢prefer… to… 的影響誤選B。句意:我喜歡加牛奶的咖啡。
32. They each ___ a book. Each of them ___ from China.
A. has;are
B. have; is?
C. are having;are?
D. is having;is
解析:選B. 此題考查主謂一致。此題應(yīng)該用一般現(xiàn)在時,排除C, D. each作同位語謂語動詞與主語保持一致,each做主語謂語動詞用單數(shù)。
33.?—?__________?you?________?your?book?to?the?library??
— Yes. I returned it yesterday.
A. Did, return?
B. Have, returned?
C. Will, return?
D. Do, return
解析:選擇B. 此題容易誤選A. 從句意看:你把書歸還圖書館了嗎?是的。我昨天歸還了。對現(xiàn)在的影響是“書不在這兒了”。
34. Though it’s cloudy now, it _________ get sunny later.
A. can?
B. may?
C. must?
D. need
解析:選B. 表示可能性用may. Can主要表示兩種用法,一種是表示能力,另外一種是請求許可; must必須;need需要。
35.It is in the library, you _______ talk loudly.
A. may not?
B. can’t?
C. needn’t?
D. mustn’t
解析:選D。mustn’t表示禁止,不準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)句意:在圖書館,禁止大聲說話。
36. If anyone wants to say something in class, you ________ put up your hands first.
A. must?
B. may?
C. should?
D. can
解析:選C。句意:課堂上如果你想說點(diǎn)東西,你應(yīng)該舉手。
37.The pen _________ him ten yuan.
A. paid?
B. cost?
C. took?
D. spent
解析:選B. 動詞辨析。主語是物用cost. Pay, spend的主語是人。Take的形式主語是it。
38. The train _________ for twenty minutes.
A. left?
B. has left?
C. is leaving?
D. has been away
解析:選D. 此題形式會誤選B. 但瞬間性動詞不能與一段時間for twenty minutes連用。
39.?—?How?many?books?_____?they?________?
— Five. But they haven’t finished reading even one.
A. did…borrow?
B. had…borrowed?
C . will…borrow?
D. do…borrow
解析:選A。此題考查時態(tài),根據(jù)語境:他們一本也沒有讀完??芍麄円郧敖枇?本書。強(qiáng)調(diào)過去。
40. He _________ his bike,so he has to walk there.
A. lost?
B. has lost?
C. had lost?
D. loses
解析:選B. 此題考查時態(tài),根據(jù)語境他丟了自行車,對現(xiàn)在造成的影響是不得不走路。