1被動語態(tài)的含義
英語動詞有兩種語態(tài),即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。
2被動語態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)
助動詞?be+過去分詞?done+(by?施動者)
例句:He is often asked to do this work (by his boss).
他時常(被老板)要求做這工作。
Are your clothes washed by yourself?
你的衣服是你自己洗的嗎?
3不同時態(tài)下的被動語態(tài)
時態(tài)
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主動語態(tài)(?do)
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被動語態(tài)(be+done)
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例句
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一般現(xiàn)在時
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do / does
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am/is/are + done
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Such songs are usually sung by girls.
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這些歌通常是女孩子們唱的。
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一般過去時
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did
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was/were + done
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The window was broken by my son.
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窗子是我兒子打破的。
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一般將來時
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will/shall/be
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will/shall/be ?going
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to
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The classroom will be cleaned soon.
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going to + do
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+be done
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教室很快要被打掃了。
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Arethebabies____________by
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現(xiàn)在進行時
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am/is/are+
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am/is/are + being
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this
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doing
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done
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nurse?
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這些嬰兒正由這個護士照看嗎?
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過去進行時
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was/were+
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was/were + being
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The teaching plan was being discussed at
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doing
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done
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that time.
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那時正在討論教學(xué)計劃。
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現(xiàn)在完成時
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have/has+
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have/has + been
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Many foreign films ___________on TV since
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done
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done
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last month.
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上個月以來,電視中播放了許多外國影片。
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過去完成時
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had + done
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had + been done
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She told me that she had been dismissed by
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her boss.
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她告訴我,她的老板已把她解雇了。
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含有情態(tài)動
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can/may/must
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can/may/must ?+
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be
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More trees ____________ on the mountains.
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詞
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+do
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done
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山上應(yīng)該種更多的樹。
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4選擇題(共7小題)
1.(2016?鎮(zhèn)江)Last year,five Chinese teachers_____to a school in the UK to teach
the British students in Chinese style for four weeks.( )
A.was sent B.were sent C.have sent D.sent
【解答】答案:B。首先根據(jù)句中的時間狀語 last year,判斷句子中的謂語動詞用一般過去時,主語 five Chinese teachers 是謂語動詞 send 的承受者,二者形成被動關(guān)系所以用被動語態(tài),故該空處為一般過去時的被動語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞,主語 five Chinese teachers 是復(fù)數(shù)名詞,be 動詞用 were,send 的過去分詞是 sent,套用結(jié)構(gòu),故選 B
2.(2016?陜西)Football? ?to our school subjects last year.( )
A.is added ???B.Adds? ?C.was added? ?D.a(chǎn)dded
【解答】答案:C。首先根據(jù)句中的時間狀語 last year,判斷句子中的謂語動詞用一般過去時,主語 Football 是謂語動詞 add 的承受者,二者形成被動關(guān)系所以用被動語態(tài),故該空處為一般過去時的被動語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)為:主語+was/were+及物動詞的過去分詞,主語 Football 是單數(shù)名詞, be 動詞用 was,add 的過去分詞是 added,套用結(jié)構(gòu),故選 C
3.(2016?江西)I plan to build an unusual house.It out of old things.( )
A.is built B.has built
C.was built D.will be built
【解答】【答案】D。結(jié)合句子的意思可知我計劃建一座與眾不同的房子,所以時態(tài)應(yīng)為一般將來時態(tài),即主語+will+動詞原形.又知 it 指代的是 house(房子),它是動詞 build(建造)的承受者,二者是被動關(guān)系,應(yīng)用被動語態(tài),即 be+過去分詞.綜上所述,此處應(yīng)用一般將來時的被動語態(tài),即 will+be+過去分詞,所以此處應(yīng)用 will be bulit,故選 D.
4.(2015?孝感)﹣How often do I need to feed the dog?
﹣It ________ food every day,or it will be hungry.( )
A.must give B.must be give
C.must gave D.must be given
【解答】句子主語是?it,代指狗,it?和?give?之間應(yīng)是被動關(guān)系,選項中含有?must,所以是含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài),結(jié)構(gòu)是情態(tài)動詞+be+動詞的過去分詞.故答案為 D
5.(2015?龍安區(qū)模擬)Mary__________the song at a party.( )
A.heard sing B.was heard singing
C.was heard to sing D.was heard sing
【解答】hear 是"聽見"的意思."聽見某人做某事"為"hear sb do sth",這是主動形式,其被動形式為"sb be heard to do sth"意為"某人被聽見做某事"."在一個聚會上"說明事情發(fā)生完了,要用一般過去時,根據(jù)所給的選項,句意應(yīng)該為"Mary 被聽見",故要用一般過去式的被動語態(tài),B 和 C 都是,但 B 選項強調(diào)的是過去的某個時間正在發(fā)生,而本句強調(diào)的是結(jié)果,故選 C.
6.(2012?隨州)﹣When and where to spend the holiday _________ yet.
﹣Let's make it now.( )
A.is decided B.doesn't decide
C.has not been decided D.has decided
【解答】答案:C 根據(jù) yet 可知,這是現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志詞,且 yet 用于否定句.又知 holiday 是動詞 decide 的承受者,二者是被動關(guān)系,所以此處應(yīng)使用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)否定形式的被動語態(tài),其結(jié)構(gòu)是 haven't/hasn't+been+過去分詞.又知 holiday 是單數(shù),所以此處應(yīng)用 has not been decided.故選 C.
7.(2016?黃岡模擬)﹣Wow! Your new house is so beautiful! When did you build it?
﹣Not too long! My old house __________ one and a half years ago!( )
A.pulled down B.is pulled down
C.was pulling down D.was pulled down
【解答】答案:D.首先根據(jù)時間狀語 one and a half years ago,判斷句子中的謂語動詞用一般過去時,主語 My old house 是動作 pull down 的承受者,表示"房子被拆遷",所以用被動語態(tài),一般過去時被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成是:主語+was/were+動詞的過去分詞,故選 D.
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