一、語法易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)

1. a, an的選擇:?元音音素開頭的單詞用an,輔音音素開頭的單詞用a.?

2. am , is , are的選擇:?單數(shù)用is ,?復(fù)數(shù)用are. I?用?am , you?用?are.?

3. have , has?的選擇:?表示某人有某物.單數(shù)用has ,?復(fù)數(shù)用have. I ,you?用?have .?

4. there is, there are?的選擇:表示某地有某物,某人.單數(shù)用there is ,?復(fù)數(shù)用there are.?

5. some, any?的選擇:肯定句用some,?疑問句和否定句用any.?

6.?疑問詞的選擇:what (什么) who (誰) where (哪里) whose (誰的) why(為什么)when(什么時(shí)候)which(哪一個(gè))how old (多大) how many (多少)how much(多少錢)?

二:形容詞比較級(jí)

當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí),需要用到比較級(jí).比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是:?

什么?+?動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) +?形容詞比較級(jí)?+ than(比)+?什么?,如:?

I'm taller and heavier than you. (我比你更高和更重.)?
An elephant is bigger than a tiger. (一只大象比一只老虎更大.)

?
形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來的,它的變化規(guī)則是:?

①?一般的直接在詞尾加er ,如?tall - taller , strong - stronger ,?

②?以e結(jié)尾的,直接加r ,如?fine – finer ,?

③?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的,先改y為i再加er,如funny - funnier?

④?雙寫最后的字母再加er,如big – bigger, thin – thinner ,hot – hotter?

☆注意☆??

比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西.?

典型錯(cuò)誤:My hair is longer than you.(我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng).)?

比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā),你(整個(gè)人),那么比較的對(duì)象就沒有可比性.?

應(yīng)該改為:My hair is longer than yours.?或My hair is longer than your hair.?

三:動(dòng)詞過去式

動(dòng)詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有:

A,規(guī)則動(dòng)詞?

①?一般直接在動(dòng)詞的后面加ed:如?worked , learned , cleaned , visited?

②?以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d:如?lived , danced , used?

③?以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如?study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play,stay不是輔音字母加y,所以不屬于此類)?

④?雙寫最后一個(gè)字母(此類動(dòng)詞較少)如?stopped?

B,不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞(此類詞并無規(guī)則,須熟記)小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過去式:sing – sang , eat – ate , see – saw , have – had , do – did , go - went , take - took , buy - bought , get - got , read - read ,fly - flew , am/is - was ,?
are - were , say - said , leave - left , swim - swam , tell - told , draw - drew , come - came , lose - lost , find - found , drink - drank , hurt - hurt , feel - felt?

四:動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞詳解?

①?一般的直接在后面加上ing ,?如doing , going , working , singing , eating?

②?以e?結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing?

③?雙寫最后一個(gè)字母的(此類動(dòng)詞極少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting?

五、人稱代詞主格及賓格

人稱代詞分為主格和賓格，主格和賓格區(qū)別：主格和賓格漢語意思相同，但位置不同。

Eg:I(主格)"我"-- me (賓格)"我"

主格在陳述句中通常放句首，賓格通常放在動(dòng)詞后或介詞后，也就是說賓格，不放在句首。

Eg :I have a new car.( I 主格)

Excuse me (me 賓格)

I ask him to go (him 賓格)

They sit in front of me (me 賓格)

主格(8個(gè))：I 我you你 he他 she她 it它 we 我們you 你們they他(她、它)們

賓格(8個(gè))：me我 you你 him 他her她 it它 us我們 you你們 them他(她、它)們

六:句型專項(xiàng)歸類

1.肯定句:是指用肯定的語氣來陳述的句子,

如:I'm a student.?

She is a doctor.?

He works in a hospital.?
There are four fans in our classroom.

2,否定句:含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子,

如:I'm not a student.?
He does not (doesn't) work in a hospital.?

There are not (aren't) four fans in our classroom.?

☆注意☆??小結(jié):

否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞?"not".有動(dòng)詞be的句子則"not"加在be后面,可縮寫成"isn't,aren't",但am not?一般都分開寫.沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did),然后在它后面加上"not",

你也可以把它們縮寫在一起如"don't , doesn't , didn't ).這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .?

3,一般疑問句:是指詢問事實(shí)的句子,此類句子必須用"yes",或"no"來回答.?

如:Are you a student ？Yes, I am ?No, I'm not.
Is she a doctor？Yes, she is. ?No, she isn't.
Does he work in a hospital ？Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't.
Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didn't.?

☆注意☆??小結(jié):

一般疑問句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上,?

①把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位,其他照寫,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.?

②沒有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞(do,does,did)再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形,末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問號(hào)即可.?

這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱和時(shí)態(tài)來選擇,其中"does"只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語是第三人稱單數(shù)的情況,而"did"只用于一般過去時(shí),不論主語是什么人稱和數(shù),都用"did" .一般疑問句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問和答要一致,即問句里的第一個(gè)單詞(助動(dòng)詞)和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的.?

4,特殊疑問句:以特殊疑問詞(what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等)開頭引導(dǎo)的句子.此類句子應(yīng)該問什么就答什么,不能用"yes ,no"來回答.如:?

What is this？
Where are you going？
Who played football with you yesterday afternoon？
When do you usually get up？
Why do you like spring best ？
How are you？

☆注意☆??小結(jié):

其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問詞組用來提問,如: how many(多少(數(shù)量)), how much(多少(錢)), how tall(多高), how long(多長(zhǎng)), how big(多大), how heavy(多重)?

例句:How many pencils do you have ？
How many girls can you see ？

how many?用來提問可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量,主要有以上三種搭配,?

How many +?名詞復(fù)數(shù)?+ do you have?你有多少……?

How many +?名詞復(fù)數(shù)?+ can you see?你能看見多少……?

How many +?名詞復(fù)數(shù)?+ are there…?有多少……?

七:完全,縮略形式

1、簡(jiǎn)縮形式的變法：把倒數(shù)第二個(gè)字母，通常是元音字母變成' 但are除外，are要把a(bǔ)打成' 。Eg:he is=he's ?they are=they're

2、簡(jiǎn)縮形式和完全形式的漢語意思相同。

3、把完全形式變成簡(jiǎn)縮形式時(shí)，一定要注意第一個(gè)字母的大小變化。Eg:What is =What's

4、記住一個(gè)特殊變化;let's =let us 讓我們(不要把' 變成i)?

5、記?。簍his is 沒有簡(jiǎn)縮形式this's(錯(cuò)誤)

6.常見的縮略形式：

I'm=I am ? ?he's=he is ? ? she's=she is ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

they're=they ? ? ??are you're=you are ? ? ? ?

there's=there is ? ? ? ??they're=they are?

can't=can not ? ? ? ? ? ? ?don't=do not ? ? ? ??

doesn't=does not ? ? ??isn't=is not ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ??

aren't=are not ? ? ? ? let's=let us?

won't=will not ? ? ? ? ? ? ?I'll=I will ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?

wasn't=was not?

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