【介詞命題趨勢(shì)】
1、表示時(shí)間的介詞
2、表示方位和運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的介詞
3、常用介詞用法辨析
4、介詞與其它詞類的搭配
1）形容詞與介詞的搭配
2）動(dòng)詞與介詞的搭配
3）名詞與介詞的搭配
【分析解讀】
介詞為中考的必考點(diǎn),主要考時(shí)間介詞、方位介詞和介詞的固定搭配。介詞在應(yīng)用中有固定性，所以準(zhǔn)確記憶其用法和搭配是掌握介詞的關(guān)鍵。
【知識(shí)方法】
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知 識(shí) 清 單
介詞是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示它后面的名詞或代詞同句中其他某個(gè)成分之間的關(guān)系。介詞在句中不能單獨(dú)使用，必須連用它的賓語(yǔ)即后面的名詞或代詞構(gòu)成介詞詞組后才能作句子成分。
知識(shí)梳理：提綱挈領(lǐng)，抓住重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)！
1. 介詞的功能
介詞是一種虛詞，用來(lái)表示名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞語(yǔ)句中其它詞的關(guān)系，不能單獨(dú)使用。介詞可與名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的其它詞構(gòu)成介詞短語(yǔ)。介詞短語(yǔ)可在句中作定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。例如：
The boy over there?is John’s brother. 在那兒的那個(gè)男孩是約翰的弟弟。(定語(yǔ))
The girl will be back?in two hours. 這位姑娘過(guò)兩個(gè)小時(shí)回來(lái)。 (狀語(yǔ))
Our English teacher is?from Australia.我們的英語(yǔ)老師來(lái)自澳大利亞。 (表語(yǔ))
Help yourself to some fish. ?請(qǐng)吃些魚(yú)。 (賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ))
2. 常用介詞的用法辨析
（1）表時(shí)間的介詞
1）at, in on
表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某個(gè)世紀(jì)，某年，某月，某個(gè)季節(jié)
以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具體的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上時(shí)，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。
since, after
由since和after 引導(dǎo)的詞組都可表示從過(guò)去某一點(diǎn)開(kāi)始的時(shí)段，但since詞組表示的時(shí)段一直延續(xù)到
說(shuō)話的時(shí)刻，因而往往要與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。而after詞組所表示的時(shí)段純系過(guò)去，因而要與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.自從去年夏天，我再也沒(méi)有收到他的信。
After five days the boy came back.五天后，這男孩返回來(lái)。
in, after
in與將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示“過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。After與
將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面只能跟表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。After與過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，后面才能跟表示一段時(shí)間的詞語(yǔ)。例如：
He will be back in two months.他在兩個(gè)月后回來(lái)。
He will arrive after four o’clock四點(diǎn)鐘后，他到達(dá)。
He returned after a month.一個(gè)月后，他回來(lái)了。
（2）表示地點(diǎn)的介詞
at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某個(gè)范圍之內(nèi)；on往往表示“在某個(gè)物體的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.他昨他天到達(dá)上海。
They arrived at a small village before dark.他們?cè)谔旌谇暗竭_(dá)一個(gè)小村莊。
There is a big hole in the wall.墻上有一個(gè)大洞。
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.老師把一幅畫(huà)掛在墻上。
over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具體含義不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反義詞是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反義詞是below。On指兩個(gè)物體表面接觸，一個(gè)在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.河上有一架橋。
We flew above the clouds.我們飛越云層。
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.他們把一些花放在講桌上。
across, through
across和through均可表示“從這一邊到另一邊”，但用法不同。Across的含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作在某一物體的表面進(jìn)行。Throgh的含義與in有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作是在三維空間進(jìn)行。例如：
The dog ran across the grass.狗跑過(guò)草地。
The boy swam across the river.那男孩游過(guò)河。
They walked through the forest.他們穿過(guò)森林。
4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個(gè)范圍以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某個(gè)范圍以內(nèi)。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.在大樓前有一些高樹(shù)。
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.老師坐在教室前面
3. 介詞的固定搭配
???介詞往往同其他詞類形成了固定搭配關(guān)系。記住這種固定搭配關(guān)系，才能正確使用介詞。
（1）介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配
listen to ,
laugh at,
get to,
look for
wait for,
hear from,
turn on,
?turn off,
?worry about,
?think of,
?look after,
spend…on…, 等。
（2）介詞與名詞的搭配
on time,
in time,
by bus,
on foot,
with pleasure,
?on one’s way to,
?in trouble,
at breakfast,
at the end of,
in the end等。
（3）介詞與形容詞的搭配
be late for,
be afraid of,
be good at,
be interested in,
?be angry with,
be full of,
be sorry for等。
例題解析：舉一反三，學(xué)的更輕松！
?1. ---What time did you get there this morning? ??????
???--- _________ eight.
???A. In ???????B. On ???????C. At ??????D. From
2. He has got a chair to sit _______, but nobody to talk ________.
??A. on, to ????B. / , ?with ??????C. on, / ?????D. / , to
Where’s Lily? We are all here ________ her. ?
??A. beside ????B. about ?????C. except ??????D. with
Shanghai ?lies ________ the east of China. ???
??A. to ?????B. in ???????C. on ??????D. at
?精析： 1. 答案：C.此題考查學(xué)生是否掌握了at\in \on 表示時(shí)間的用法。表示幾點(diǎn)用at.
????????2. 答案: ?A.此題考查位置介詞on 和詞組talk to .
????????3. 答案： C. 此題考查四個(gè)介詞的意思。能根據(jù)上、下文正確使用。
????????4. 答案： B. 此題考查學(xué)生是否掌握了表達(dá)位置的用法。在表達(dá)東、西、南、北的方位時(shí)。在范圍之內(nèi)用in , 在范圍之外用to，相鄰用on。
練習(xí)與鞏固：熟能生巧，取得好成績(jī)！
用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空：
Last Saturday I was busy ______ my homework .
My teacher was very angry ______ me because I was late ______ school again.
Kathy prefers a hula hoop ______ a book.
I will invite some friends ______ my eighteenth birthday party.
How long has he worked ______ an inventor.
My uncle arrived ______ the airport ______ the morning of May 3.
I will always help my friends when they are ______ trouble.
There is nothing ______ air ______ space.
I won’t be back ______ June.
?______ the age ______ twenty, he had written two books.
?Mary fell ______ her bike and hurt her right leg.
?He has been away ______ China ______ three years ago.
?When I was ______ school, I was ______ the school football team.
?I think he will be ______ two o’clock.
?The teacher was given some flowers ______ his students.
?Look, the birds are singing ______ the tree.
?He left the classroom ______ all the windows open.
?My sister is ill today. She doesn’t feel ______ eating anything.
?It’s too dangerous. You must keep the children away ______ the fire.
?My parents arrived ______ a cold night.
?You should apologize ______ her ______ stepping on her foot.
?The students are sitting ______ the table, reading the newspaper.
?The city is famous ______ its football, and people there are very proud ______ their city football team.
?We are doing better ______ English ______ our teacher’s help.
?Don’t worry ______ me. Everything is going well ______ me.
?He was late ______ school today, and she came late ______
school, too.
?------ Do you know what happened ______ Peter yesterday?
------ He was hit ______ a car.
?I like clothes made ______ cotton.
?He will go to Hangzhou ______ his car tomorrow.
?______ my surprise, the Englishman gave up halfway ______
the end.
?I saw the great changes ______ my own eyes.
?You look tired. Instead ______ working indoors you should be
out ______ a walk.
?Wushu is becoming more and more popular ______ foreigners.
?If you are able to get the tickets tomorrow, please tell me ______
phone.
?There is going to be a report ______ Chinese history ______ our ?
school this evening.
?Before 1990 there was no airline ______ the two cities.
?She is dressed ______ a white skirt ______ red flowers.
?It’s bad ______ you to go to work ______ breakfast.
?It’s very nice ______ you to get me two tickets ______ the World ???
Cup.
?------ Where have you been these days?
------ I have been to Bei Daihe ______ a friend ______ Canada.
------ Would you like some coffee?
------ Yes, and please get me some milk, too. I prefer coffee ______ milk.
------ When did Mr Smith come here?
------ ______ nine o’clock yesterday morning.
?You must stand ______ line when you are waiting ______ a bus.
?------ Jack, will you be home ______ time to see the children before they go to bed?
------ No problem.
China lies ______ the east of Asia and ______ the North of Australia.
46. If you can’t pass the exam, you’ll fall ______ others.
47. I have a swim every day ______ yesterday.
48. We all know that the earth moves ______ the sun.
49. The sunlight is coming in ______ the window.
50. This room is full______students and that one is filled______ teachers.
Key: 1. with 2. with, for 3. to 4. to 5. as
6. at, in ?????7. in, 8. but, in ? 9. until 10.At, of ?11. off ?12. from, since 13. in, on/in 14. in 15. by 16. in ????17. with 18. like 19. from 20. on 21. to, for ????22. at ???23. for, of 24. in, with
25. about, with ?26. for, to 27. to, by ???28. from 29. in 30. To, in
31. with ????32. of, for ????33. among ???34. by ????35. on, in 36. between
37. in, with 38. without 39. of, for ??40. with, from ?41.to ??42. At ?43. in, for 44. in 45. in, to ??46. behind 47. except 48. around ?
49. through ?50. of, with
【語(yǔ)法過(guò)關(guān)】
1.China lies______ the east of Asia and______ the north of Australia, ?
A. to; to B. in; to C to; in D. in; on
2.His son suddenly returned________ a cold rainy night.
A. on B. at C. in D. for
3.Timmy goes to school __________ every day . It's 5 minutes' walk from his home to school.
A. in a bus B. by plane C. on foot D. by boat
4. Last month , students had to have their lessons by Internet ________ because of SARS. ?
A. on the playground B. at home C. in the street D. near the hospital
5.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures __________ a camera. ?
A.?as B. for C. like D. of
6. Some shops open_______ 10:00 a. m. and 3 : 30 p. m, during the Spring Festival holidays. ?
A. at B. between C. from D. about
7. --- How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
--- I'm going there ________ my car. ?
A. by B. in C. to D. on
8．Luckily, the bullet narrowly missed the captain ____an inch. ?
A. by ??????????????B. at ???????????????????????C. to ???????????????D. from
9．The home improvements have taken what little there is _________my spare time.
A. from ???????????B. in ?????????????????????C. of ??????????????????D. at
10．They had a pleasant chat ____a cup of coffee.(北京)
A. for ??B. with ????????????????C. during D. over
【參考答案】
1.B ?表示在一個(gè)大的范圍內(nèi)用"in"，范圍之外用"to"。
2.A 具體到某一天的時(shí)間用"on"。
3.C 5 minutes' walk決定去學(xué)校的方式是on foot。
4.B ?語(yǔ)境中"by Internet"和 "because of SARS"決定了"have their lessons --- at home "。
5.C like在這里意思是"像------"。
6. B between 后接兩個(gè)并列的成分，意思是"在兩者之間"。
7. B ?in my car = by car。
8． A。與數(shù)量連用可表示尺寸、距離等。依句意：幸運(yùn)的是，子彈在距離上尉一英寸的地方與他擦肩而過(guò)，沒(méi)有射中他。故應(yīng)選A。
9． C。what引導(dǎo)的從句作謂語(yǔ)have taken的賓語(yǔ)，而從句中的基本結(jié)構(gòu)為 “there is little of…”, 表示“……有很少”what 修飾little提到了從句句首。正確答案為C。
10．D．用作介詞表示時(shí)間時(shí)，可作“在（做）……時(shí)（while doing, eating, etc）”。故正確答案為。其句意為：他們?cè)诤瓤Х葧r(shí)進(jìn)行了一次愉快的談話。
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